Suchergebnisse

This paper starts by reflecting on the concept and measurement of women's empowerment and then reviews some of the structural interventions that aim to influence underlying gender norms in society and eradicate gender discrimination. It then proceeds to review the evidence of the impact of three types of interventions—cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs—on women's empowerment, nutrition, or both. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP4; Transform Nutrition ; PHND; A4NH ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

Fifteen years ago, in July 2004, the heads of state and government of member states of the African Union signed a Solemn Declaration to reaffirm their commitment to gender equality in Africa (African Union 2004). Ten years later, the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods set forth new goals for a more targeted approach to achieve the agricultural vision for the continent, which is shared prosperity and improved livelihoods (African Union 2014b). In a series of seven commitments, that declaration reconfirmed that agriculture is a critical sector for African economic growth and poverty reduction and should remain high on the development agenda of the continent. The Malabo Declaration affirmed the African Union's resolve to ensure, through "deliberate and targeted public support," that all segments of the African population, "women, the youth, and other disadvantaged sectors," must "participate and directly benefit from the growth and transformation opportunities to improve their lives and livelihoods." The commitment to halving poverty by 2025 through inclusive agricultural growth and transformation states that governments will support and facilitate preferential entry and participation for women and youth in gainful and attractive agribusiness opportunities (African Union 2014b). However, this is the only commitment to mention women explicitly, and as stated, it focuses on women as a single category, not in relation to men, their families, and communities. ; PR ; IFPRI1; ReSAKSS; CRP4 ; AFR; EPTD; PHND; A4NH ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) produced a 2011 report on women in agriculture with a clear and urgent message: agriculture underperforms because half of all farmers—women—lack equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This book builds on the report's conclusions by providing, for a non-specialist audience, a compendium of what we know now about gender gaps in agriculture.

The importance of women's roles for nutrition-sensitive agricultural projects is increasingly recognized, yet little is known about whether such projects improve women's empowerment and gender equality. We study the Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender Linkages (ANGeL) pilot project, which was implemented as a cluster-randomized controlled trial by the Government of Bangladesh. The project's treatment arms included agricultural training, nutrition behavior change communication (BCC), and gender sensitization trainings delivered to husbands and wives together – with these components combined additively, such that the impact of gender sensitization could be distinguished from that of agriculture and nutrition trainings. Empowerment was measured using the internationally-validated project-level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI), and attitudes regarding gender roles were elicited from both men and women, to explore potentially gender-transformative impacts. Our study finds that ANGeL increased both women's and men's empowerment, raised the prevalence of households achieving gender parity, and led to small improvements in the gender attitudes of both women and men. We find significant increases in women's empowerment scores and empowerment status from all treatment arms but with no significant differences across these. We find no evidence of unintended impacts on workloads and inconclusive evidence around impacts on intimate partner violence. Our results also suggest some potential benefits of bundling nutrition and gender components with an agricultural development intervention; however, many of these benefits seem to be driven by bundling nutrition with agriculture. While we cannot assess the extent to which including men and women within the same treatment arms contributed to our results, it is plausible that the positive impacts of all treatment arms on women's empowerment outcomes may have arisen from implementation modalities that provided information to both husbands and wives when they were together. The role of engaging men and women jointly in interventions is a promising area for future research. ; PR ; IFPRI3; ISI; GAAP; PRSSP; CRP2; CRP4; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender Linkages (ANGeL) ; PHND; A4NH; PIM ; CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

The importance of women's roles for nutrition-sensitive agricultural projects is increasingly recognized, yet little is known about whether such projects improve women's empowerment and gender equality. We study the Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender Linkages (ANGeL) pilot project, which was implemented as a cluster-randomized controlled trial by the Government of Bangladesh. The project's treatment arms included agricultural training, nutrition behavior change communication (BCC), and gender sensitization trainings to husbands and wives together – with these components combined additively, such that the impact of gender sensitization could be distinguished from that of agriculture and nutrition trainings. Empowerment was measured using the internationally-validated project-level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI), and attitudes regarding gender roles were elicited from both men and women, to explore potentially gender-transformative impacts. Our study finds that ANGeL increased both women's and men's empowerment, raised the prevalence of households achieving gender parity, and led to small improvements in the gender attitudes of both women and men. We find significant increases in women's empowerment scores and empowerment status from all treatment arms but with no significant differences across these. We find no evidence of unintended impacts on workloads and we note inconclusive evidence of possible increases in intimate partner violence (IPV). Our results also suggest some potential benefits of bundling nutrition and gender components with an agricultural development intervention; however, many of these benefits seem to be driven by bundling nutrition with agriculture. While we cannot assess the extent to which including men and women within the same treatment arms contributed to our results, it is plausible that the positive impacts of all treatment arms on women's empowerment outcomes may have arisen from implementation modalities that provided information to both husbands and wives when they were together. The role of engaging men and women jointly in interventions is a promising area for future research. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP4; Agriculture, Nutrition, and Gender Linkages (ANGeL); GAAP; PRSSP; G Cross-cutting gender theme; CRP2 ; PHND; A4NH; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)