Suchergebnisse

Abstract
In July 2023, the Dutch coalition government collapsed over the issue of family immigration policies. The coalition partners disagreed on how to restrict the immigration of family members. It was not the first time the Dutch government sought to introduce restrictions. An earlier attempt in 1984 resulted in a large protest against a Dutch government measure, which restricted the possibilities for young people with a migratory background to marry a partner who was not living in the Netherlands. The protest was connected to larger debates on family migration, measures introduced trying to restrict it, and – in a broad sense – to debates about civil society movements, intimate citizenship, politics of belonging and the restrictionist paradox, as this article will explain. This article also seeks to explain the interaction between organisations, media and politicians.

AbstractThe entry of Big Techs in the financial ecosystem might affect financial stability, among others through the opportunities and challenges they create for financial inclusion. We survey the literature to determine the effectiveness of financial education in improving financial literacy and inclusion and assess the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability. We argue for new research to determine whether financial education can help people to reap the financial‐inclusion benefits that Big Tech may bring. We also conclude that financial‐inclusion opportunities created by Big Tech might introduce financial stability risks and underline the importance of proper supervision and regulation.

The experiences from a case study are evaluated against the aspects such as emergency response to vulnerable populations and other sources from the literature to serve as guidelines for the management of an epidemic in a child and youth care centre (CYCC). To help understand the effects of the epidemic on the centre, this article describes experiences in terms of the meeting of needs. A discussion of the following are part of the article: • A reflection will be provided on the observed stages the children and child and youth care workers (CYCWs) went through during 177 days of a national lockdown; • Indications of caregiver burnout; • Experiences around the meeting of children's needs through the lens of child and youth care (CYC) theory; and • Proposed areas needing attention in mitigating risks. Some lessons learnt from the daily routine established to manage the lockdown regulations, sometimes experienced as nonsensical, are shared. From these reflections, questions for research are provided from a practice-based evidence approach, mainly aimed at determining the readiness of a CYCC to manage a state of disaster, while needing to focus on meeting children's needs.

The debate over the institutions that link economic growth to public finance tends to disregard the need for savings to finance growing public debt. In seventeenth-century Holland the structure, size, and issuing rates of the debt were determined by investors' preferences, wealth accumulation, and changing private investment opportunities. The growth of savings enabled the creation of a huge debt largely with short-term bills. Issuing rates dropped because savings outstripped private investment alternatives. In Holland, and probably elsewhere as well, credible commitment and efficient fiscal institutions were necessary, but not sufficient to create liquid secondary markets and low costs of capital.

Introduction, aims and method Following the target of 20% renewable energy in 2020 in the EU as defined in the renewable energy directive (RED), the Netherlands are obliged to reach a 14% share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption in 2020. The Dutch renewable energy action plan (published in summer 2010) specifies the increase in consumption of renewable electricity and transportation fuels to meet 2020 targets. It is very likely (and stated in the Dutch action plan) that both solid and liquid biomass will contribute heavily to the increasing use of renewable energy in the Netherlands in the next ten years. As the domestic biomass potential is limited, and biomass imported from both EU countries and outside the EU may be available at the same cost (or even less) than domestic streams, it is expected that the import of biomass to the Netherlands will further increase in the coming years. Dutch policy makers also see the need for imports, but are also concerned regarding the sustainable production of bioenergy abroad. Since 2008, NL Agency executes the program: "Global Sustainable Biomass" (DBM) and in 2009 it became executive body of the program "Sustainable Biomass Import (DBI), the latter being part of the program "Biobased Economy" within the Innovation Agenda. The goal of DBM is to support developing countries to produce biomass for energy purposes more sustainably, considering the access to local and international energy market. The goal of the DBI program is to give an impulse to the development of sustainable international biomass supply chains for energy and chemical applications. In 2009 and 2010, approximately 20 million euro of subsidy was allocated to 45 projects, in which market actors and research institutes aim to increase the sustainability of biomass production in developing countries and realize import of biomass to the Netherlands. To guarantee the import of sufficient (verified sustainably produced) biomass, it is of interest to obtain an overview of possible market and trade ...