Suchergebnisse

The primary goal of the study is to investigate the potential to expand oilseeds, specifically soybeans,as an alternative commercialcrop to tobacco among Malawian farmers. A principal motivation for undertaking the study at the microeconomic level is to determine, in a theoretically consistent fashion, the type of policy and economic environment under which farmers begin to shift more of their scarce resources to oilseed production.The study aims to provide recommendations to a growing demand among policy makers and development partners for a greater diversification of exports and crop production systems of the majority smallholder farmers in Malawi. Using representative farm models, the study examinesthe potential for expanding production of soybeans among typical smallholder farming systems in Malawi. The results will help guide future policies and investments targeted at promoting greater crop diversification and incomes, in order to reduce poverty and malnutrition in Malawi. Given the amount of labor and land resources allocated to maize production for food security purposes, we also consider the policy challenges that emerge for crop diversification as a result ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP2; MaSSP; F Strengthening institutions and governance; D Transforming Agriculture; D.2 Public Investment priorities and Impacts ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Utilizing a spatial multi-market model for rice in Nigeria that explicitly takes into account the potential for smuggling, in this paper we analyze the welfare implications of alternative rice tariff rates given the government's goals of spurring domestic production and reducing imports. Because smuggling occurs through the diversion of imports from Lagos, the official port of entry in the south, to the north, our modeling framework also captures the spatial effects of higher tariffs on changes in rural and urban prices, production and consumption, the flow of trade in rice, and welfare across different parts of the country. Results show that tariff rates that exceed about 40 percent introduce some smuggling of rice through the north when smuggling becomes more profitable than importing through official channels in the south. It is also at this tipping point that government tariff revenues are maximized. At higher tariff rates with smuggling, the south experiences greater welfare losses, especially in urban areas. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP2; NSSP; C Improving markets and trade; C.1 Macroeconomics, trade and non-agricultural policies ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Utilizing a spatial multi-market model for rice in Nigeria that explicitly takes into account the potential for smuggling, in this paper we analyze the welfare implications of alternative rice tariff rates given the government's goals of spurring domestic production and reducing imports. Because smuggling occurs through the diversion of imports from Lagos, the official port of entry in the south, to the north, our modeling framework also captures the spatial effects of higher tariffs on changes in rural and urban prices, production and consumption, the flow of trade in rice, and welfare across different parts of the country. Results show that tariff rates that exceed about 40 percent introduce some smuggling of rice through the north when smuggling becomes more profitable than importing through official channels in the south. It is also at this tipping point that government tariff revenues are maximized. At higher tariff rates with smuggling, the south experiences greater welfare losses, especially in urban areas. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CRP2; NSSP; C Improving markets and trade; C.1 Macroeconomics, trade and non-agricultural policies ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Equal accessibility to public places and services is now required by law in many countries. For the vision-impaired, specialised technology often can provide a fuller enjoyment of the facilities of society, from large scale meetings and public entertainments to reading a book or making music. This volume explores the engineering and design principles and techniques used in assistive technology for blind and vision-impaired people. This book maintains the currency of knowledge for engineers and health workers who develop devices and services for people with sight loss, and is an excellent sourc

Across three studies, we explore the workplace implications of "obesity proximity effects," where a proximal person working with an obese individual suffers the same negative perceptions and outcomes as the obese individual. Specifically, we investigate why working with an obese coworker would affect a proximal employee's job performance. We use this context to propose new theory-driven mechanisms to challenge the understanding of stigma-by-association processes more broadly. Studies 1–2 extend theory on stigma-by-association effects by introducing a novel self-stigmatization perspective. Results from two time-lagged, multisource field studies reveal that obesity proximity effects emerge most consistently from the proximal employee taking on the emotions associated with obese people when working with an obese coworker. Study 3 dives deeper into this self-stigmatization path through a between-person, experimental coworker simulation. Results again show that a proximal employee, when working with an obese coworker, will take on emotions associated with people who are obese, independently of their own obesity status. These studies show it is important to study the broader impact of obesity, exploring its influence on other organizational members. Implications for the obesity literature, stigma theory, and other stigmatized characteristics are discussed.