Suchergebnisse

This study investigate the impact of organizational justice and job motivation on organizational citizenship behavior and its impact on satisfaction and loyalty of taxpayers. The statistical population of this study was formed by 7191 tax affairs of Tehran employees. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method was used to evaluate the construct validity and standardization of research. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of questionnaire that calculated 0/97 was used to achieve Reliability of study. Therefore in this study, based on previous research and literature, the conceptual model and hypotheses were developed and tested on a sample of 401 person. Results of data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that all job related characteristics (except for feedback) on all aspects of job motivation, job motivation and organizational justice (except interactional justice) on OCB and Finally OCB is significant because of the satisfaction and loyalty of taxpayers and were confirmed.

<p>One of the major tasks of the managers is achieving the coordination between the company and external environment to enhance the company's financial performance. This research aimed to focus on attracting external effective collaboration, and first investigate effects of three capabilities of innovation, information, and relational on it, and then examine the effect of this factor on market and financial performance of the studied companies. At first, the variables of innovation capability, information capability, relational capability, company's financial performance, company's market performance, and also attracting external effective collaboration were studied in the review of literature. Then, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the companies that were participated in Tehran international exhibitions and collected data was analyzed by correlation coefficient tests and structural equation modeling. To analyze the data Excel, SPSS, and Amos software were used. Findings showed that the relational, information, and innovation capabilities of company can increase companies financial and market performance through attracting external collaboration.</p>

Among the most prominent political novels of the twentieth century, Invitation to a Beheading is the acme of Nabokov's art in that it was embellished by the finest Nabokovian techniques, and was enriched by thought- provoking ideas. This study is aimed to offer a narratological reading of this novel in search of what its implied author has pictured as the meaning of genuine freedom intended by Nabokov. By analyzing the story and discourse levels of this narrative, we are going to discuss, first, the concepts of 'reality' and 'individuality' in Invitation to a Beheading as the pillars on which the author constructed the ultimate concept of freedom. After discussing the contribution of these two notions, in the last section of this article, dedicated to the questions of ideology and rhetoric, we place the ultimate concept of freedom in the period in which the novel was composed. We discuss how the final picture is in accordance with the peculiarities of the modern world that went through two World Wars and witnessed the outcome of totalitarian systems.

Die Zunahme ethnischer Konflikte ist auf eine Reihe von Ursachen zurückzuführen. Zum Teil sind sie historisch begründet. So wurden beispielsweise im Zuge der Entkolonialisierung bestehende Diskriminierungen aufrechterhalten. Ob ethnische Unterscheide in einen Konflikt münden, hängt maßgeblich vom jeweiligen politischen System und dessen Führung ab. Denn trotz aller Probleme in den europäischen Staaten erreichen hier ethnische Konflikte nicht das Ausmaß an Gewalt wie in der Dritten Welt. (SWP-Krh)

Causes of interethnic conflicts, and strategies adopted by countries to manage them. Success of policies of inclusion and power-sharing in easing ethnic conflict.