This paper analyzes how in the Cold War, the prospective, linked to strategic planning, was an important key instrument in the design of the National Project of the Chilean dictatorship, as well as in the political and economic reorganization imposed by the regime. That methodology, advocated by civilian and military technocrats, served to provide a scientific framework to the re-founding project of the regime. In Latin America, prospective studies were linked to the principles of the National Security Doctrine, allowed to anticipate possible future scenarios, develop public policies and plan the urban development of the city of Santiago for 2000. In that sense, Herman Kahn, one of the leaders of the predictive method, was summoned by the Chilean military regime and guided Augusto Pinochet's advisors on economic development to consolidate the bases of the "National Reconstruction." ; En este artículo se analiza cómo durante la Guerra Fría la prospectiva, ligada a la planificación estratégica, fue un instrumento clave en el diseño del Proyecto Nacional de la dictadura chilena, así como en la reorganización política y económica que impuso el régimen. Dicha metodología, preconizada por tecnócratas civiles y militares, sirvió para otorgarle fundamento científico al proyecto refundacional del régimen. En América Latina, los estudios prospectivos estuvieron ligados a los principios de la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional, permitieron prever escenarios futuros, desarrollar las políticas públicas y planificar el desarrollo urbano de la ciudad de Santiago para 2000. En ese sentido, Herman Kahn, uno de los líderes del método predictivo, fue convocado por el gobierno militar chileno y orientó a los asesores de Augusto Pinochet en materia de desarrollo económico para consolidar las bases de la "Reconstrucción Nacional".
The Joint Mission began with a detailed workshop with representatives of all of the principal ministries that are leading and/or contributing to the response in China through the National Prevention and Control Task Force. A series of in-depth meetings were then conducted with national level institutions responsible for the management, implementation and evaluation of the response, particularly the National Health Commission and the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). To gain first-hand knowledge on the field level implementation and impact of the national and local response strategy, under a range of epidemiologic and provincial contexts, visits were conducted to Beijing Municipality and the provinces of Sichuan (Chengdu), Guangdong (Guangzhou, Shenzhen) and Hubei (Wuhan). The field visits included community centers and health clinics, country/district hospitals, COVID-19 designated hospitals, transportations hubs (air, rail, road), a wet market, pharmaceutical and personal protective equipment (PPE) stocks warehouses, research institutions, provincial health commissions, and local Centers for Disease Control (provincial and prefecture). During these visits, the team had detailed discussion and consultations with Provincial Governors, municipal Mayors, their emergency operations teams, senior scientists, frontline clinical, public health and community workers, and community neighbourhood administrators. The Joint Mission concluded with working sessions to consolidate findings, generate conclusions and propose suggested actions. To achieve its goal, the Joint Mission gave particular focus to addressing key questions related to the natural history and severity of COVID-19, the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 virus in different settings, and the impact of ongoing response measures in areas of high (community level), moderate (clusters) and low (sporadic cases or no cases) transmission. The findings in this report are based on the Joint Mission's review of national and local governmental reports, discussions on control and prevention measures with national and local experts and response teams, and observations made and insights gained during site visits. The figures have been produced using information and data collected during site visits and with the agreement of the relevant groups. References are available for any information in this report that has already been published in journals. The final report of the Joint Mission was submitted on 28 February 2020. ; The Joint Mission began with a detailed workshop with representatives of all of the principal ministries that are leading and/or contributing to the response in China through the National Prevention and Control Task Force. A series of in-depth meetings were then conducted with national level institutions responsible for the management, implementation and evaluation of the response, particularly the National Health Commission and the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). To gain first-hand knowledge on the field level implementation and impact of the national and local response strategy, under a range of epidemiologic and provincial contexts, visits were conducted to Beijing Municipality and the provinces of Sichuan (Chengdu), Guangdong (Guangzhou, Shenzhen) and Hubei (Wuhan). The field visits included community centers and health clinics, country/district hospitals, COVID-19 designated hospitals, transportations hubs (air, rail, road), a wet market, pharmaceutical and personal protective equipment (PPE) stocks warehouses, research institutions, provincial health commissions, and local Centers for Disease Control (provincial and prefecture). During these visits, the team had detailed discussion and consultations with Provincial Governors, municipal Mayors, their emergency operations teams, senior scientists, frontline clinical, public health and community workers, and community neighbourhood administrators. The Joint Mission concluded with working sessions to consolidate findings, generate conclusions and propose suggested actions. To achieve its goal, the Joint Mission gave particular focus to addressing key questions related to the natural history and severity of COVID-19, the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 virus in different settings, and the impact of ongoing response measures in areas of high (community level), moderate (clusters) and low (sporadic cases or no cases) transmission. The findings in this report are based on the Joint Mission's review of national and local governmental reports, discussions on control and prevention measures with national and local experts and response teams, and observations made and insights gained during site visits. The figures have been produced using information and data collected during site visits and with the agreement of the relevant groups. References are available for any information in this report that has already been published in journals. The final report of the Joint Mission was submitted on 28 February 2020.
At a time of low prices and an apparent surplus of supply in the global gas market it is important to try and identify new sources of demand, especially for LNG. In this respect, one interesting theme is how some countries are switching from their traditional role as LNG exporters to becoming importers of gas as their indigenous demand grows. Ieda Gomes explores this concept using the case studies of Malaysia and Indonesia, and she attempts to identify the key drivers behind the shifts in the gas economies of both countries. Significantly, though, there are also a few countries where gas has an existing role in the domestic energy economy, and which have historically imported gas, which have now found new gas resources and are starting to export. A prime example of this is Argentina, where the discovery of large shale gas resources has led to a gas surplus and the opportunity to generate export revenues. This paper analyses this example as a contrast to the first two and examines whether it is a sustainable situation. Overall, we believe that this paper can provide some important insights into the factors which can influence the position of gas in a country's energy balance, especially if the prevalence of hydrocarbons has created a dependency via subsidies prices or other politically-driven strategies. There are a number of other examples around the world where the demands of the domestic market can undermine a country's ability to export its energy resources, and as a result we hope that this analysis can provide a greater understanding of the key drivers and consequences of this outcome.
At a time of low prices and an apparent surplus of supply in the global gas market it is important to try and identify new sources of demand, especially for LNG. In this respect, one interesting theme is how some countries are switching from their traditional role as LNG exporters to becoming importers of gas as their indigenous demand grows. Ieda Gomes explores this concept using the case studies of Malaysia and Indonesia, and she attempts to identify the key drivers behind the shifts in the gas economies of both countries. Significantly, though, there are also a few countries where gas has an existing role in the domestic energy economy, and which have historically imported gas, which have now found new gas resources and are starting to export. A prime example of this is Argentina, where the discovery of large shale gas resources has led to a gas surplus and the opportunity to generate export revenues. This paper analyses this example as a contrast to the first two and examines whether it is a sustainable situation. Overall, we believe that this paper can provide some important insights into the factors which can influence the position of gas in a country's energy balance, especially if the prevalence of hydrocarbons has created a dependency via subsidies prices or other politically-driven strategies. There are a number of other examples around the world where the demands of the domestic market can undermine a country's ability to export its energy resources, and as a result we hope that this analysis can provide a greater understanding of the key drivers and consequences of this outcome.
Abstract The significance of the yard or household in social reproduction within the diasporic Caribbean is the focus of this essay. I outline how a Rastafari yard-space is shaped through household production and family formation among diasporic Caribbean peoples within intercultural households and families. This discussion is foregrounded in Rastafari migration or "repatriation" from the Caribbean to the symbolic land grant in Ethiopia. Two intercultural households will be compared: one located in a local Ethiopian neighbourhood in the city of Shashamane and one in the predominantly Rastafari Jamaica Safar or Jamaica neighbourhood of Shashamane. Primarily drawing on my ethnographic observations, this discussion will situate Rastafari positionalities in terms of social, spatial and subjective articulations of inclusion and exclusion, adding to a discussion of the culture concept in the anthropology of the Caribbean.
AbstractMigration as an act and as a concept is becoming more complex and nuanced not only because of increasing numbers of people and groups criss-crossing and circulating international borders but also because of push–pull factors that determine agendas and aspirations affecting transnational mobile actors. Static and binary understandings of migration as either settled or temporary are thus disrupted with new and impactful rising trends in the migration-mobility nexus identified. Based on observations of global political and community responses to transnational migration, and various research projects I have been involved with on temporary migration (international students, working holiday makers, and university-educated professional workers) in the Asia-Pacific, this article puts forward the idea that transience—a phenomenon where migrants regardless of visa and residency status are, for different reasons, spatially unsettled and transnationally mobile—be used as a conceptual lens in order to see emerging dynamics within the migration-mobility experience. Transience as a conceptual lens provides a disjuncture in our understanding of the migration-mobility nexus beyond the categories of temporary and permanent, and is a useful method in helping us understand the complexities, nuances, and ecologies which emerge from the migration experience, and making us aware of evolving patterns of diversity. Transience, in other words, becomes a new method in understanding evolving and emerging migration patterns by investigating the unevenness of the migrant(ion) journey.
António Sardinha (1887-1925), mentor of the Portuguese traditionalist monarchist movement of Lusitanian integralism is the object of study of this doctoral thesis. Through the study of numerous printed sources and private archives, it proposes first a critical study of the main ideas that emerge from the political work of Sardinha, by placing them in their context, and then a focus on his « hispanicism ». The thesis shows how this side of his work has consolidated his status as both an important and controversial thinker of the Portuguese radical right of the early twentieth century. Finally, the last part of the thesis studies the influence and intellectual legacy of Sardinha in Portugal but also in Spain and Brazil in the first half of the 20th century. ; António Sardinha (1887-1925), maître à penser du mouvement monarchiste traditionaliste portugais de l'Intégralisme lusitanien est l'objet d'étude de cette thèse de doctorat. À travers l'étude de nombreuses sources imprimées et d'archives privées, nous proposons dans un premier temps une étude critique des principales idées qui se dégagent de l'oeuvre politique de Sardinha, en les situant dans leur contexte, avant de nous pencher plus particulièrement sur son « hispanisme ». Nous montrons notamment comment ce pan de son œuvre a consolidé son statut de penseur aussi important que controversé de la droite radicale portugaise du début du XXe siècle. Enfin, nous étudions dans l'ultime partie de la thèse l'influence et l'héritage intellectuels de Sardinha au Portugal mais aussi en Espagne et au Brésil.
António Sardinha (1887-1925), mentor of the Portuguese traditionalist monarchist movement of Lusitanian integralism is the object of study of this doctoral thesis. Through the study of numerous printed sources and private archives, it proposes first a critical study of the main ideas that emerge from the political work of Sardinha, by placing them in their context, and then a focus on his « hispanicism ». The thesis shows how this side of his work has consolidated his status as both an important and controversial thinker of the Portuguese radical right of the early twentieth century. Finally, the last part of the thesis studies the influence and intellectual legacy of Sardinha in Portugal but also in Spain and Brazil in the first half of the 20th century. ; António Sardinha (1887-1925), maître à penser du mouvement monarchiste traditionaliste portugais de l'Intégralisme lusitanien est l'objet d'étude de cette thèse de doctorat. À travers l'étude de nombreuses sources imprimées et d'archives privées, nous proposons dans un premier temps une étude critique des principales idées qui se dégagent de l'oeuvre politique de Sardinha, en les situant dans leur contexte, avant de nous pencher plus particulièrement sur son « hispanisme ». Nous montrons notamment comment ce pan de son œuvre a consolidé son statut de penseur aussi important que controversé de la droite radicale portugaise du début du XXe siècle. Enfin, nous étudions dans l'ultime partie de la thèse l'influence et l'héritage intellectuels de Sardinha au Portugal mais aussi en Espagne et au Brésil.
In this paper, I analyze John Dewey's concept of philosophy, in relation with its specificity within the pragmatic philosophical tradition. For this, I will approach the problem of the reconstruction of philosophy as Dewey presents in his work Reconstruction in Philosophy (1920), a work in which he completely and explicitly exposes his concept of and what he believes to be the role of philosophy. In particular, I will characterize Dewey's concept of philosophy from his critique to what he think to be the problems of modern or traditional philosophies. From this point of view, I will examine Dewey's use of his postulate of immediate empiricism as a philosophical methodology to avoid the alleged misconceptions of past philosophies and to develop a philosophy of concrete experience.
