International audience In this article the effect on consumption is estimated of a fall in housing wealth and housing prices, resulting from an increase in interest rates. With the help of a dynamic multiequation, macroeconomic model, the consumer response function is broken down into two parts: a direct response, related to a rise in the cost of credit and another indirect one related to the deterioration of the property market. Estimating the theoretical model is done by means of a vectorial error-correction model.
Assessing IPR enforcement systems is usually performed by comparison of the results achieved, ie the importance of infringement and the damages got by right holders. Coming back to the fundamentals of the procedural systems eases the in-depth understanding of the issues, and helps in identifying the distinctive features of the Chinese system. Moreover, objective immediate improvements can be proposed. In line with this view, this paper shows the difficulties met by foreigners in understanding the Chinese IPR enforcement system. It suggests switching slowly to court enforcement with the aim of homogenising the enforcement system. ; L'évaluation des systèmes assurant le respect des droits de PI est usuellement effectuée en comparant les résultats obtenus, à savoir l'importance de la contrefaçon et les compensations reçues par les titulaires des droits. Un retour aux fondamentaux des systèmes procéduraux facilite la compréhension en profondeur de la matière et l'identification des spécifi-cités du système chinois. De plus, des améliorations objectives et immédiates sont proposées. Dans cette vue, les difficultés de compréhension du système chinois visant au respect des droits de propriété intellectuelle par les étrangers sont présentées. Il est proposé de glisser lentement vers une judiciarisation du système pour accroître son homogénéité
The industrial brownfield site of Montagne-du-Nord (France) is home to zinc metallurgy and lead and sulphuric acid manufacturing activities. Hydrological and geochemical studies were carried out in pits and boreholes after the site had been shaved and covered by backfilling. Geophysical data (slingram electromagnetic mapping, 2D and 3D electrical panel, and electrostatic dideshy) make it possible to locate ground and mineral water, to position interfaces between layers, to identify where water is released to river drains and to characterise the unsaturated area, with good spatial resolution. ; International audience The industrial waste land in Montagne-du-Nord (France) has been occupied by a zinc and a lead smelter unit linked to sulphuric acid production. Then this factory has been razed and covered by coarse waste deposits below sandy fillings. Hydrological and geochemical studies have been systematically carried out by drillings and pits following a mesh of 50m x 50m. This waste land constitutes an area where the metallic contamination is important. The physical property of subsoil materials, sensitive to this contamination, is the electrical resistivity; it depends on water mineralization and quantity presented in all formations. Geophysical data allow to locate precisely mineralized soil and water with higher spatial resolution. A complete geophysical study, using methods based on electrical resistivity (slingram electromagnetic mapping, 2D and 3D electrical imaging, and electrostatic logging) has been carried out. The slingram mapping allows to determine conductive anomalies coincident with chemical anomalies obtained into the piezometers, and to locate the water seepage toward the river drain. The electrical imaging allows to indicate precisely the location of clayey alluvial deposits, and to describe the superficial seepage areas. The electrostatic logging gives an accurate description of the not saturated area in boreholes, near anomalies located with the two other methods. Those geophysical ...
Plaza, F. (1998). Gary Oldman. The impossibility of the property. Nosferatu. Film magazine. (27): 93-95. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41083. ; 93 95 27 ; Plaza, F. (1998). Gary Oldman. The impossibility of the property. Nosferatu. Film magazine. (27): 93-95. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41083. ; Importación Masiva ; Plaza, F. (1998). Gary Oldman. The impossibility of the property. Nosferatu. Film magazine. (27): 93-95. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41083. ; Plaza, F. (1998). Gary Oldman. La imposibilidad del bien. Nosferatu. Revista de cine. (27):93-95. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/41083.
Resumen La norma constitucional actual sobre propiedad intelectual (art. 19 n.° 25) es deficitaria porque es opaca respecto a los objetivos económicos y sociales de dicha especie de propiedad. Por ello y en atención al crecimiento de la economía de base intangible en el siglo xxi, resulta necesario y oportuno diseñar una nueva norma constitucional que no se remita de forma irreflexiva a la regla general sobre propiedad, de modo de reflejar el carácter instrumental de la propiedad intelectual, en tanto herramienta para solucionar la falla de mercado del "bien público" que afecta a los bienes que son su objeto (de carácter no-rival y no-excluible). Así, una nueva norma constitucional debería fundarse en la promesa de la propiedad intelectual, a saber: optimizar el equilibrio entre creación y acceso al conocimiento, proveyendo de ese modo un marco general para que el legislador, los organismos públicos y los adjudicadores puedan luego actualizar dicho equilibrio en consideración al estado de desarrollo del país. En el artículo se propone un texto de norma constitucional que puede ser justificado en términos ralwsianos, es decir, desde un escenario hipotético de "posición original". Además, se explica que el texto propuesto no se agota en una mera declaración programática, enunciando así qué tipo de efectos concretos puede producir en el ordenamiento jurídico.
Summary The Napoleonic Code (1804) makes a significant change to the lease of work and industry compared to the French legal tradition: the centre of the contract is no longer what is delivered, but who pays and who pays. This way of seeing things — which underpins the idea that human labour is one property like another — implies a degree of equivalence, downwards, between the letting of works and the leasing of industry or services. The craftsman ceases to be a tenant and becomes a lessor of his own work, just like the farmer. This does not mean, however, that both are treated in the same way: the Code devotes distinct groups of articles to each other. Labour gens are available to the person employing them, while entreprenurs d'ouvrages enjoy independence in the tasks to be performed. ; Resumen El Código napoleónico (1804) introduce una modificación importante en el arrendamiento de obra e industria con respecto a la tradición jurídica francesa: el centro del contrato ya no es aquello que se entrega, sino quién paga y quién cobra. Esta forma de ver las cosas -a la que subyace la idea de que la fuerza de trabajo humana es una propiedad como otra cualquiera- supone una cierta equiparación, a la baja, entre arrendamiento de obra y arrendamiento de industria o servicios. El artesano deja de ser un arrendatario, para convertirse en un arrendador de su propio trabajo, igual que el criado. Esto no significa, de todas formas, que ambos sean tratados de la misma manera: el Código dedica grupos distintos de artículos a unos y a otros. Las gens de travail están a disposición de quien los emplea, mientras que los entrepreneurs d'ouvrages gozan de independencia en las tareas a realizar.
Summary The present work discusses a ruling of the Supreme Court and concerns the content of the expropriatory damages in respect of material damage; in order to establish that the property is not restricted to financial compensation for the loss of the property, it also covers, by virtue of the constitutional rule, any other actual harmful financial consequences caused to the owner, as a direct and immediate consequence of the expropriation. Thus, in the case of partial expropriation, in addition to the cost of replacement of the expropriated property, compensation may cover the cost of the material damage caused to buildings in the non-expropriated fraction of a property, in so far as it is established as an immediate and direct consequence of the expropriation, and the subsequent implementation of the works giving rise to the ablatory act. ; Resumen El presente trabajo comenta una sentencia de la Corte Suprema y discurre acerca del contenido de la indemnización expropiatoria, respecto del daño material; con la finalidad de constatar que este no queda restringido a la compensación económica por la pérdida del bien, sino que, en virtud de la regla constitucional, comprende también toda otra consecuencia patrimonial dañosa efectiva causada al propietario, a consecuencia directa e inmediata de la expropiación. Así, en el caso de una expropiación parcial, además del costo de reposición del bien expropiado, la indemnización puede abarcar el costo del daño material ocasionado a las edificaciones existentes en la fracción no expropiada de un inmueble, en tanto se verifique como una consecuencia inmediata y directa de la expropiación, y la ulterior concreción de las obras que motivan el acto ablatorio.
189 201 19 2 ; SWORD ; [EN] New fixed point and coupled fixed point theorems in partially ordered ν-generalized metric spaces are presented. Since the product of two ν-generalized metric spaces is not in general a ν-generalized metric space, a different approach is needed than in the case of standard metric spaces. Abtahi, M.; Kadelburg, Z.; Radenovic, S. (2018). Fixed points and coupled fixed points in partially ordered ν-generalized metric spaces. Applied General Topology. 19(2):189-201. doi:10.4995/agt.2018.7409 M. Abtahi, Fixed point theorems for Meir-Keeler type contractions in metric spaces, Fixed Point Theory 17, no. 2 (2016), 225-236. M. Abtahi, Z. Kadelburg and S. Radenovic, Fixed points of Ciric-Matkowski-type contractions in $nu$-generalized metric spaces, Rev. Real Acad. Cienc. Exac. Fis. Nat. Ser. A, Mat. 111, no. 1 (2017), 57-64. B. Alamri, T. Suzuki and L. A. Khan, Caristi's fixed point theorem and Subrahmanyam's fixed point theorem in $nu$-generalized metric spaces, J. Function Spaces, 2015, Art. ID 709391, 6 pp. V. Berinde and M. Pacurar, Coupled fixed point theorems for generalized symmetric Meir-Keeler contractions in ordered metric spaces, Fixed Point Theory Appl. (2012) 2012:115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1812-2012-115 T. G. Bhaskar and V. Lakshmikantham, Fixed point theorems in partially ordered metric spaces and applications, Nonlinear Anal. 65, no. 7 (2006), 1379-1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2005.10.017 A. Branciari, A fixed point theorem of Banach-Caccioppoli type on a class of generalized metric spaces, Publ. Math. Debrecen 57 (2000), 31-37. Lj. B. Ciric, A new fixed-point theorem for contractive mappings, Publ. Inst. Math. (N.S) 30 (44) (1981), 25-27. Z. Kadelburg and S. Radenovic, On generalized metric spaces: A survey, TWMS J. Pure Appl. Math. 5 (2014), 3-13. Z. Kadelburg and S. Radenovic, Fixed point results in generalized metric spaces without Hausdorff property, Math. Sciences 8:125 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40096-014-0125-6 R. Kannan, Some results on fixed ...
International audience The aim of this article is to determine what types of paradigm are involved in linguistic comparison (as expressed in French). The introductive section deals with various definitions of the two notions of comparison and paradigm. The core of the article is devoted to two types of comparison, namely quantitative comparison (equality and inequality) and similative comparison (a qualitative type of comparison) ; the latter being further subdivided into « simple » similative comparison (i.e. similarity) vs. « figurative » similative comparison (i.e. analogy). It is shown that quantitative comparison, as well as similarity, is based on an extensional paradigm corresponding to an ontological category of homogeneous elements ; whereas analogy, as well as non-canonical uses of quantitative comparison, operate with heterogeneous elements : the characteristic property of the paradigmatic element (paragon) selected as the standard of comparison, discursively sets up an intensional paradigm. MOTS-CLES Comparaison ; Paradigme extensionnel vs. intensionnel ; Parangon ; (In)égalité ; Ressemblance par similarité vs. par analogie.
In this article, real taxes as applied in RD Congo include property tax, vehicle tax, mining and hydrocarbon concession tax and forestry taxation. ; Dans cet article, il est question des impôts réels tels qu'ils sont appliqués en RD Congo notamment l'impôt foncier, l'impôt sur les véhicules, l'impôt sur les concessions minières et des hydrocarbures et la fiscalité forestière.
The article published in the magazine Notamus published by the Royal Belgian Notary Federation, which regularly publishes notarial practice studies, defines the trust and its characteristics and envisages what to do for practitioners in the notarial world when a trustee intends to acquire or wishes to dispose of immovable property in Belgium. ; L'article, paru dans la revue Notamus éditée par la Fédération royale du notariat belge, et qui publie régulièrement des études de pratique notariale, définit le trust et ses caractéristiques et envisage à destination des praticiens du monde notarial ce qu'il y a lieu de faire lorsqu'un trustee entend acquérir un immeuble en Belgique ou souhaite en disposer.
International audience The village of al-Araqib, near Beer Sheva, illustrates the situation of around forty "unrecognized" Bedouin villages in the Negev desert, South of Israel, and the different policies established by the Israeli State since its creation to control the Bedouin presence, in particular by concentrating the Bedouins in towns and declaring their land state property. Evacuated in 1951 by military order, the inhabitants of al-Araqib came back on their land at the end of the 90's; considered as illegal, the village has been regularly destroyed since 2010 and is threatened by new legislations such as the Prawer Plan. Reduced to only few families, the residents of al-Araqib struggle for the survival of their village and the right to remain on their land, referring notably to "sumud", the fact of ensuring a presence on the ground and holding on despite difficulties.
The article begins with a short overview of the very different features of the forests of the Poitou-Charentes region, highlighting the significant financial contribution made by the Regional Council to this area by funding the actions of the CRPF [Regional Centre for Forest Property]. It then describes some of the actions undertaken by the CRPF (in cooperation with the Regional Council and other agencies) relating to four major ecosystem services provided by the forests of Poitou-Charentes: soil maintenance, carbon dioxide storage, the protection of freshwater resources and accommodation of biodiversity. The interactions between these four ecosystem services and between them and other services are mentioned in passing. ; Après un bref rappel des caractéristiques très diverses de la forêt de la région Poitou-Charentes et avoir souligné la contribution financière significative du Conseil régional de ce territoire aux actions de son Centre régional de la propriété forestière (CRPF) qui sont l'objet de l'article, l'auteur présente quelques actions conduites par le CRPF (en coopération avec le Conseil régional et d'autres agences) et qui portent sur quatre services écosystémiques jugés principaux pour la forêt picto-charentaise : le maintien des sols ; le stockage du gaz carbonique ; la protection de la ressource en eau potable et l'accueil de la biodiversité. Les interactions entre ces quatre services écosystémiques et avec d'autres encore sont, chemin faisant, mentionnées.
1 6 2013 ; S ; For an arbitrary open subset U subset of R-d or U subset of C-d and a continuous function v : U ->]0,infinity[ we show that the space h(v0) (U) of weighed harmonic functions is almost isometric to a (closed) subspace of c(0), thus extending a theorem due to Bonet and Wolf for spaces of holomorphic functions H-v0 (U) on open sets U subset of C-d. Inspired by recent work of Boyd and Rueda, we characterize in terms of the extremal points of the dual of h(v0) (U) when h(v0) (U) is isometric to a subspace of c(0). Some geometric conditions on an open set U subset of C-d and convexity conditions on a weight v on U are given to ensure that neither H-v0 (U) nor h(v0) (U) are rotund. The authors are grateful to J. Bonet for a lot of ideas and discussions during all this work. They are also indebted to P. Rueda, who besides giving them some references provided them some unpublished work which has inspired a big part of this paper. They also thank M. Maestre for his careful reading of the paper and helpful discussions. Finally, they thank the referees for the careful analysis of the paper and the important suggestions which they gave us. The research of the first author was supported by MICINN and FEDER, Project MTM2010-15200. The research of both authors is partially supported by Programa de Apoyo a la Investigacion y Desarrollo de la UPV PAID-06-12. Jorda Mora, E.; Zarco García, AM. (2013). Isomorphisms on weighed Banach spaces of harmonic and holomorphic functions. Journal of Function Spaces and Applications. 2013:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/178460 Bierstedt, K. D., Bonet, J., & Galbis, A. (1993). Weighted spaces of holomorphic functions on balanced domains. The Michigan Mathematical Journal, 40(2), 271-297. doi:10.1307/mmj/1029004753 Bonet, J., Dománski, P., & Lindström, M. (1999). Essential Norm and Weak Compactness of Composition Operators on Weighted Banach Spaces of Analytic Functions. Canadian Mathematical Bulletin, 42(2), 139-148. doi:10.4153/cmb-1999-016-x Bonet, J., Domański, P., ...
This paper demonstrates the effects of ethnic diversity on social relationships and the quality of public spaces at a very finite neighborhood level. We use detailed block level data on diversity and housing quality from a representative survey on housing in France. We show how and to what extent diversity within a neighborhood can directly affect household well-being and the quality of the common spaces, whereas the previous literature looks at more aggregate outcomes through voting channels. Our identification strategy relies on the exogeneity of public housing allocations with respect to ethnic characteristics in France, to address the bias due to endogenous residential sorting. Diversity is shown to have a negative effect on the quality of local public goods, either due to vandalism, not deterred by other-regarding preferences and social policing, or due to collective action failure to ensure effective property management. However, we find that diversity has no robust effect on public safety at a local level and, if anything, is more related to social anomie.
