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Today's diplomacy is an ambiguous phenomenon which involves many diverse tools and actions undertaken by national and international actors. Diplomacy is undoubtedly one of a key element of international peace and security as it enables disputes and conflicts to be prevented . There is a host of measures and instruments that can be exercised at any stage of a crisis, among which are special political missions. This paper is an attempt to discuss the nature and role of a special political mission in preventive actions. The main attention is paid to the missions established by the United Nations and by the European Union. The considerations resulted in listing strengths of the special political missions and in identifying the challenges that should be faced in order to increase an effectiveness of the missions. ; University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Law and Administration, Institute of Law, International Law and European Law, Poland ; PhD at Institute of Law, International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Silesia in Katowice ; malgorzata.myl@us.edu.pl ; 9 ; 25 ; 2 ; A/RES/43/51 (1988, December 5). Declaration on the Prevention and Removal of Disputes and Situations Which May Threaten International Peace and Security and on the Role of the United Nations in this Field. ; A/47/277 (1992, January 31). An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping. ; A/RES/47/120B (1993, September 20). An Agenda for Peace. ; A/RES/48/42 (1993, December 10). 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Every year, Uppsala University awards the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science to a scholar who has made a valuable contribution to political science. In 1998 the prize was awarded to Stanford Professor Emeritus Alexander George for his `pathbreaking analysis of statecraft, its possibilities and limits, performed with great sensitivity for the importance of judgment, reasoned argumentation and responsible leadership in foreign policy decision-making'. George has made major contributions on presidential decision-making, crisis management, case study method, deterrence theory, coercive diplomacy, preventive diplomacy, and how to bridge the gap between the policy world and academics. While in Sweden to accept this prestigious award, George gave a lecture at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs. This revised version of his address deals with how to develop academic scholarship for policy-making. The specific topic discussed here, strategies for preventive diplomacy and conflict resolution, is inspired by the work George has recently concluded for the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict and the Committee on International Conflict Resolution of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington DC. In this piece, George argues that in the new geopolitical environment of the post-Cold War world a better understanding of preventive diplomacy and conflict resolution is crucial for effective statecraft. To help accomplish this, he urges scholars to join foreign policy practitioners in analyzing the successes and failures of past cases of preventive diplomacy. Only through proper diagnoses can we better understand the many tools and instruments of conflict prevention and resolution and how policy-makers can make more effective use of them.