Suchergebnisse

1. A legal history of fragmentation and coherence in EU external action -- 2. A theoretical framework for coherence in EU external relations law and policy -- 3. Coherence of EU and member state external action : duty of loyalty -- 4. Coherence across divided union competences in the TEU & TFEU -- 5. Coherence and soft law in EU external relations : ENP as a paradigm -- 6. Coherence as policy synergy in the ENP -- 7. Conclusion : the ENP, a paradigm for coherence?

"During the 1970s, the EU member states made fledgling attempts to coordinate their foreign policies in the form of intergovernmental structures called European Political Cooperation. These initial efforts towards integrating national foreign policies were of limited success, as was evident from the failure to respond effectively to the infamous hostage situation in Tehran, or the lacklustre European response to the USSR invasion of Afghanistan over Christmas 1979. This dynamic has continued in the last decades of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. The first ever European Security Strategy of 2003 was drawn up after deep European disagreement over the Iraq war. The big bang-enlargement of May 2004 prompted the need for a novel policy that draws together EU and member state action to effectively deal with the EUs new neighbours: the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP).This book offers a thorough legal and policy examination of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as latest grand experiment in achieving coherent external relations for the Union. The book draws on legal and political scholarship to attain a definition of coherence in EU external relations. It argues that traditional definitions such as vertical or horizontal coherence are insufficient and sets out a new definition in order to more accurately capture the reality of EU external relations. The book goes on to look in depth at the ENP, arguing that the innovative nature of the ENP in regard to coherence lies beyond the narrowly defined legal sphere, but stems mostly from its hybrid composition of hard legal, soft legal and non-legal policy instruments"--

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is a recent example of an external EU policy drawn up explicitly with the objective of achieving coherence in the external policies of the EU and its Member States. Positioning the ENP in the legal-historical context of political union, this book explains why coherence has become a substantive issue in EU external relations, and why law is integral to attaining the ever-enigmatic single voice of the European Union. The text examines the role of EU external relations law in attaining a coherent neighbourhood policy and goes on to undertake an in depth ana.

"The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is a recent example of an external EU policy drawn up explicitly with the objective of achieving coherence in the external policies of the EU and its Member States. Positioning the ENP in the legal-historical context of political union, this book explains why coherence has become a substantive issue in EU external relations, and why law is integral to attaining the ever-enigmatic single voice of the European Union. The text examines the role of EU external relations law in attaining a coherent neighbourhood policy and goes on to undertake an in depth analysis of the ENP, arguing that the innovative nature of the ENP in regard to coherence lies beyond the narrowly defined legal sphere, and stems primarily from its hybrid composition of hard legal, soft legal and non-legal policy instruments. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach by integrating elements of law, history and political science, EU External Relations Law and the European Neighbourhood Policy is unique in its approach to the subject. This book will be of particular interest to academics and students of EU Law, Political Science, History and International Relations as well as to practitioners engaged in the process of drafting coherent external policy"--Provided by publisher

This article is devoted to new institutional actors in EU external relations. The number of EU regulatory agencies has increased over the years. By fulfilling important administrative tasks in the European Union, these agencies actively participate in international relations with third–country agencies or international organizations in such fields as aviation, food safety or border control. However, their actions have not only to be analysed against the backdrop of the internal implications for the Union's institutional balance and the principles of democracy and transparency but also for their consequences on EU external relations law. This contribution aims to categorize these actions of EU regulatory agencies and highlight that their international relations move in a legal minefield between European and international law.

Direct effect and interpretation of international agreements in the recent case law of the European Court of Justice / Francis Jacobs -- Defining competence in EU external relations : lessons from the constitutional treaty / Marise Cremona -- Article 47 TEU and the relationship between first and second pillar competences / Alan Dashwood -- EC law and UN Security Council Resolutions : in search of the right fit / Piet Eeckhout -- Fundamental rights and the interface between second and third pillar / Eleanor Spaventa -- The EU as a party to international agreements : shared competences?; mixed responsibilities? / Ramses Wessel -- Will the common commercial policy be impeded by non-ratification of the constitutional treaty? / Peter-Christian Müller-Graff -- The extent to which the EC legislature takes account of WTO obligations : jousting lessons from the European parliament / Jacques Bourgeois and Orla Lynskey -- The relations between the EU and Switzerland / Christine Kaddous -- The relations between the EU and Andorra, San Marino and Monacomarc Maresceau -- The EU's neighbourhood policy towards Eastern Europechristophe Hillion -- The four common spaces : new impetus to the EU-Russia stategic partnership? / Peter van Elsuwege -- The EU's strategic partnership with the Mediterranean and the Middle East : a new geopolitical dimension of the EU's proximity strategies / Erwan Lannon -- The EU's transatlantic relationship / Günter Burghardt -- With eyes wide shut : the EC strategy to enforce intellectual property rights abroad / Inge Govaere -- EU environmental law and its green footprints in the world / Kirstyn Inglis

Brexit and the ensuing uncertainty about the United Kingdom's (UK's) future relationship with the European Union (EU) have brought the participation of non-EU Member States in the internal market to the centre of academic attention. The latter phenomenon is not novel and many of the existing frameworks for cooperation between the EU and its neighbourhood countries have been used as models for a possible post-Brexit arrangement. This article identifies the various roles played by the internal market acquis – both of integration and disintegration – in the EU's relations with its neighbourhood by analysing the dynamics between the aims of various bilateral and multilateral instruments and the character and scope of the internal market acquis contained therein. The article argues that over time the function of the internal market acquis has evolved from providing a legal framework for the functioning of the internal market among the EU's Member States to also integrating third countries into the Union's sphere of influence beyond the accession process, and even membership. The internal market can thus no longer be regarded as an 'internal' and exclusive affair for the committed few that offers inspiration and limited access for third countries but rather as a dynamic and geographically inclusive form of collaboration between the Union and its periphery.
internal market acquis, EU external relations, neighbourhood policy, European Common Aviation Area, Energy Community, Transport Community, European Economic Area, Switzerland, AA/DCFTA, Brexit, integration, disintegration

Brexit and the ensuing uncertainty about the United Kingdom's (UK's) future relationship with the European Union (EU) have brought the participation of non-EU Member States in the internal market to the centre of academic attention. The latter phenomenon is not novel and many of the existing frameworks for cooperation between the EU and its neighbourhood countries have been used as models for a possible post-Brexit arrangement. This article identifies the various roles played by the internal market acquis – both of integration and disintegration – in the EU's relations with its neighbourhood by analysing the dynamics between the aims of various bilateral and multilateral instruments and the character and scope of the internal market acquis contained therein. The article argues that over time the function of the internal market acquis has evolved from providing a legal framework for the functioning of the internal market among the EU's Member States to also integrating third countries into the Union's sphere of influence beyond the accession process, and even membership. The internal market can thus no longer be regarded as an 'internal' and exclusive affair for the committed few that offers inspiration and limited access for third countries but rather as a dynamic and geographically inclusive form of collaboration between the Union and its periphery.

Since 1958, the European Parliament (EP) has come a long way from being a talking shop to being a powerful legislative organ. In the European Union's external relations, the EP's role was initially very weak, when it was sometimes not even consulted on international agreements. The Lisbon Treaty strengthened the parliamentary role in external relations covering policies where the ordinary legislative procedure applies by ascribing the EP the right to ratification of international agreements. Formally limited to voting on final agreements, the EP has widely expanded its informal role in external relations since the Lisbon Treaty's entry into force in December 2009. Now, its role goes beyond the provisions as laid out in the Lisbon Treaty and even the role of national parliaments in international agreements. Since the negotiations on a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the EP has been active at all stages of negotiations – negotiation directives, negotiation rounds, ratification of agreement, and implementation of agreement – which activities reach as far as influencing the agreements' substance. Analysing with what strategies the EP has achieved this involvement – by providing original data from fifteen semi-structured interviews with EU officials – this article assesses the EP's informal role in the negotiation of international agreements since the Lisbon Treaty in three in-depth case studies: the SWIFT agreement, the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), and the ongoing TTIP negotiations.