Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The Philosophical Debate -- Structure of the Book -- Chapter 1: Contested Rape -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Contestation and Conceptual Problems -- 1.3 Essentially Contested Concepts -- Chapter 2: Rape as a Cluster Concept -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cluster Theory -- 2.3 Reconsidering Family Resemblances and Clusters -- 2.4 Problems -- Chapter 3: Emancipatory Amelioration -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conceptual Amelioration -- 3.3 Developing Emancipatory Amelioration -- 3.4 Possible Objections -- Chapter 4: Rape and Ideology -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Locating Rape -- 4.3 Rape and Sexist Ideology -- 4.4 The Injustice of Rape -- Chapter 5: Ameliorating the Concept of Rape -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2 Emancipatory Amelioration and Rape -- 5.3 A Cluster Model of Rape -- Chapter 6: Accountability and Solidarity -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Hermeneutical Injustice -- 6.3 Questions of Accountability -- 6.4 Emancipatory Solidarity -- Final Remarks: What to Do? -- Bibliography

Abstract
Conceptual metaphor theory (CAIT) is the dominant force in the contemporary world of interdisciplinary metaphor studies. Over the past thirty years, scholars working within the CMT framework have gathered an impressive body of empirical research using a variety of linguistic, psychological, and computational modeling methods drat supports key parts of the theory However, CMT has also been widely been criticized - both as a theory of metaphor use and for its claims about the embodied, metaphorical character of abstract thought. This article describes some of die reasons people dislike CMT and suggests ways that CMT scholars may alter some people's misunderstandings and address their legitimate concerns about the theory.

Mofokeng's volume of short stories, Leetong [On a Journey], is traditionally read as satire on repression in general and on South Africa in particular. The title, Leetong, has become a part of the conceptual political lexicon of the Sesotho language to refer to the corruption of apartheid ideology. This collection of short stories constitutes a body of protest fiction based on inferences from situations rather than actual incidents. Collectively the eight short stories combine to form one voice in contention with the political dispensation of oppressed South Africans during a particular historical era of political oppression, known as the apartheid era. The dehumanisation of black South Africans has not stopped since the apartheid era because the dominant image of black South Africans continues to be that of heathens. This article postulates the notion that the scheme of the short story volume Leetong [On a Journey] has created a powerful metonymy, to the extent that whenever one alludes to the title, one conjures up images associated with oppression ; Mofokeng se bundel kortverhale, Leetong ["Op reis"], kan tradisioneel gelees word as 'n satire oor onderdrukking oor die algemeen en spesifiek in Suid-Afrika. Die titel Leetong het deel geword van die konseptuele politieke leksikon van die Sesotho-taal en verwys na die korrupsie van die apartheidsideologie. Sy bundel kortverhale is 'n versameling van protesfiksie gebaseer op gevolgtrekkings uit situasies eerder as werklike gebeure. Die agt verhale vorm saam een stem in stryd met die politieke bedeling van onderdrukte Suid-Afrikaners gedurende 'n spesifieke historiese era van politieke onderdrukking, bekend as apartheid. Die ontmensliking van swart Suid- Afrikaners duur sedert die apartheidsera steeds voort omdat die oorheersende beeld van swart Suid-Afrikaners steeds dié van heidene is. Hierdie artikel maak aanspraak op die idee dat die intrige van die kort-verhaalbundel Leetong 'n kragtige metonimie skep, soseer dat die titel beelde oproep wat met onderdrukking geassosieer word.

What exactly is rape? And how is it embedded in society?Hilkje Charlotte Hänel offers a philosophical exploration of the often misrepresented concept of rape in everyday life, systematically mapping out and elucidating this atrocious phenomenon. Hänel proposes a theory of rape as a social practice facilitated by ubiquitous sexist ideologies. Arguing for a normative cluster model for the concept of rape, this timely intervention improves our understanding of lived experiences of sexual violence and social relations within sexist ideologies.

The paper discusses the problem of transcultural transformation of onomastic metaphor in Russian-Chinese humorous discourse in the light of the synergetic concept of translation space, which serves as the methodological basis of the study. The works of Russian Sinologists and Chinese onomasticians were also used as a theoretical basis for the study. The authors of the paper rely on the idea that in discursive metaphorical field, they are charactonyms having a unique cultural and value potential, that act as the linguistic embodiment of the onomastic metaphor. Onomastic metonymy is also embodied in discursive space. The combined study of both allows us to enhance the understanding of the onomastic metaphor as a motivated anthroponym and the onomastic metonymy as an anthroponym-derived nomination. To date, there is no consensus among scientists about the translation of onyms, including onomastic metaphonyms, into Chinese, which can lead to translation inconsistencies caused by misunderstanding of the author's intentions expressed by charactonyms, and, as a result, to weakening or disappearance of the humorous effect of the translated work. The process of transcultural transformation of onomastic metaphor and onomastic metonymy takes place in the translation space and can unfold in two directions. In the case of a positive development vector in the translation space, there is a synergistic increment of new metaphorical meanings, expanding the metaphorical and metonymic space of the anthroponym, which we consider to be a manifestation of remetaphorization / remetonymization characteristic of harmonious translation. In the case of a negative vector of development, the metaphorical and metonymic space of the anthroponym narrows, there takes place demetaphorization / demetonymization, which means the emergence of disharmonious translation, weakening the humorous effect of the translated discourse. The material for the analysis in the present study was the humorous story by A. P. Chekhov The Order and its translation into Chinese. As a result of the study, it has been found that during translation, a transcultural transformation of the original onomastic model takes place, which acquires both positive and negative character. In the case of a positive character, there is a harmonious translation with the recreation of the humorous effect of the original.

In recent years, conceptual metonymy has been recognized as a cognitive phenomenon that is as fundamental as metaphor for reasoning and the construction of meaning. The thoroughly revised chapters in the present volume originated as presentations in a workshop organized by the editors for the 7th International Pragmatics Conference held in Budapest in 2000. They constitute, according to an anonymous reviewer, "an interesting contribution to both cognitive linguistics and pragmatics." The contributions aim to bridge the gap, and encourage discussion, between cognitive linguists and scholars working in a pragmatic framework. Topics include the metonymic basis of explicature and implicature, the role of metonymically-based inferences in speech act and discourse interpretation, the pragmatic meaning of grammatical constructions, the impact of metonymic mappings on and their interaction with grammatical structure, the role of metonymic inferencing and implicature in linguistic change, and the comparison of metonymic principles across languages and different cultural settings.

What exactly is rape? And how is it embedded in society? Hilkje Charlotte Hänel offers a philosophical exploration of the often misrepresented concept of rape in everyday life, systematically mapping out and elucidating this atrocious phenomenon. Hänel proposes a theory of rape as a social practice facilitated by ubiquitous sexist ideologies. Arguing for a normative cluster model for the concept of rape, this timely intervention improves our understanding of lived experiences of sexual violence and social relations within sexist ideologies.

What exactly is rape? And how is it embedded in society? Hilkje Charlotte Hänel offers a philosophical exploration of the often misrepresented concept of rape in everyday life, systematically mapping out and elucidating this atrocious phenomenon. Hänel proposes a theory of rape as a social practice facilitated by ubiquitous sexist ideologies. Arguing for a normative cluster model for the concept of rape, this timely intervention improves our understanding of lived experiences of sexual violence and social relations within sexist ideologies.

Comments on P. Likitkijsomboon's recent article in this journal, Marxian theories of value-form (1995).