Suchergebnisse

Part I: Introduction -- The rural-urban interface – An interdisciplinary research approach to urbanisation processes around the Indian megacity Bengaluru -- Part II: Changing patterns of land use and agriculture -- Temporal dynamics of land use change and spatial urbanization indices in the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru over the past three decades -- Urbanization effects on agricultural production systems across the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- Changes in land use pattern vis-a-vis urbanization and credit across the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- Dairy Production in an urbanizing environment: A social-ecological approach to understand the case of Bengaluru -- Capital formation across the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru North: An economic analysis -- Part III: Resource use, efficiencies and tradeoffs in crop and livestock production -- Crop production under urbanisation: An experimental approach to understand and model agricultural intensification -- Effects of soil management practices on soil physical properties and water cycle in a multifactorial field experiment -- Biomass estimation of vegetables - Can remote sensing be a tool for it?- Dairy farms in an urbanising environment: Tradeoffs between productivity and animal welfare -- Part IV: Food systems as outcomes and drivers of rural-urban transitions -- Crop diversity, dietary diversity and nutritional intake: Evidence on inter-linkages across rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- Food security and factors influencing food and calorie intake across rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- Nutritional status of households and individuals in the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- Nutritional status of women across rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- "Homemade food is always healthy": The ambivalence of a traditionalisation of diets in Bengaluru -- Part V: Biodiversity and ecosystem functions under rural-urban transitions -- Tree species diversity in the Southern transect across the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru -- Biodiversity of birds along the rural-urban interface of the Indian megacity Bengaluru -- Bee diversity in the rural-urban interface of Bengaluru and scope for pollinator-integrated urban agriculture -- Dynamics of field margin vegetation with changing agricultural landscape across a rural-urban interface -- Part VI: Conclusion. Editorial: Dynamics in the rural-urban interface of an Indian megacity – Synopsis and outlook.

Developing regions experience rapid population growth and urbanisation, which require large quantities of materials for civil infrastructure. The production of construction materials, especially for urban transport systems, however, contributes to local and global environmental change. Political agendas may overlook the environmental implications of urban expansion, as economic growth tends to be prioritised. While elevating the standard of living is imperative, decision-making without careful environmental assessments can undermine the overall welfare of society. In this study, we evaluate the material demand and in-use stock productivity for the large-scale development plan for transport infrastructure in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam, from 2010 to 2030, combining geospatial and socioeconomic data with statistics on roads and railways. The results show that the total material stock could rise threefold from 66 Tg in 2010 to 269 Tg in 2030, which roughly translates to an addition of 30 Empire State Buildings per year by mass. The materials we account are required for construction exceed the availability of local sand and will need to be gathered farther away. Furthermore, the material stock productivity of the transport infrastructure appears to have been declining overall since 2010, and this trend may continue to 2030. These findings demonstrate the importance of informing urban planning with a comprehensive assessment of construction materials demand, supply capacity, and environmental impacts. Policy priorities for improving the in-use stock productivity are also recommended towards achieving a more efficient utilisation of natural resources.

Context
As humans become increasingly urban, the need for conservation of nature in cities increases and requires an understanding of the patterns and processes of urban ecosystems. In particular, because humans are the most dominant species in urban areas, understanding the role humans play in these ecosystems (direct and indirect) will be of primary importance.

Aims
We examine the diversity and composition of bird species across an urbanisation gradient in two cities (Berlin, Germany, and Seattle, Washington, USA). We determine the degrees of species urban tolerance and examine how certain biological traits of species, namely, diet, whether or not species use bird feeders, nest sites and innovation rate, characterise species urban tolerance. Finally, we determine whether human provisioning (bird feeders and nest boxes) influences what types of species persist across the urbanisation gradient.

Methods
We surveyed bird abundance and species richness using point counts and surveyed human provisioning by conducting door-to-door interviews of residents across an urbanisation gradient in Berlin and Seattle.

Key results
We found that patterns of species richness were similar in both cities, but that species composition in Berlin changed less across the urbanisation gradient than it did in Seattle. The majority of birds in Berlin were urban tolerant, whereas in Seattle, they were moderately urban tolerant and intolerant. A cluster analysis revealed that, in general, in Berlin, omnivorous, open-nesting birds that use bird feeders and have relatively high innovation rates tended to be urban tolerant. In Seattle, birds that were mostly omnivorous, nested in open cups, and used bird feeders tended to be moderately urban tolerant and they were influenced by provisioning of food by humans.

Conclusion
Urbanisation and human interactions with birds can act as ecological filters, favouring certain bird species that can lead to varying species compositions across an urban gradient. These differences in species composition across the gradient may be more noticeable in younger cities than in older cities where the filtering process has been occurring for longer time.

Implications
By providing a variety of habitats and supplementing natural foods and nesting places, urban planners and residents can help conserve bird diversity in urban areas.

International audience ; Urbanisation is usually modelled to account for the trade-off between the rent from an agricultural and urban land-use in a location. In this article, we propose a model that includes a characterisation of the land in respect of not only its economic and physical aspects, but also using variables in relation to landscape perception. To that end, we develop an original two-stage approach consisting of estimating a probability of urbanisation and then taking the uncertainty of urbanisation into account using an internal meta-regression method. The landscape descriptors, constructed based on a textual analysis of the Landscape Atlases, are introduced in this second stage. The application of this method to the urban area of Angers shows the importance of these elements in analysing urbanisation.

International audience ; Urbanisation is usually modelled to account for the trade-off between the rent from an agricultural and urban land-use in a location. In this article, we propose a model that includes a characterisation of the land in respect of not only its economic and physical aspects, but also using variables in relation to landscape perception. To that end, we develop an original two-stage approach consisting of estimating a probability of urbanisation and then taking the uncertainty of urbanisation into account using an internal meta-regression method. The landscape descriptors, constructed based on a textual analysis of the Landscape Atlases, are introduced in this second stage. The application of this method to the urban area of Angers shows the importance of these elements in analysing urbanisation.

International audience ; Urbanisation is usually modelled to account for the trade-off between the rent from an agricultural and urban land-use in a location. In this article, we propose a model that includes a characterisation of the land in respect of not only its economic and physical aspects, but also using variables in relation to landscape perception. To that end, we develop an original two-stage approach consisting of estimating a probability of urbanisation and then taking the uncertainty of urbanisation into account using an internal meta-regression method. The landscape descriptors, constructed based on a textual analysis of the Landscape Atlases, are introduced in this second stage. The application of this method to the urban area of Angers shows the importance of these elements in analysing urbanisation.

International audience ; Urbanisation is usually modelled to account for the trade-off between the rent from an agricultural and urban land-use in a location. In this article, we propose a model that includes a characterisation of the land in respect of not only its economic and physical aspects, but also using variables in relation to landscape perception. To that end, we develop an original two-stage approach consisting of estimating a probability of urbanisation and then taking the uncertainty of urbanisation into account using an internal meta-regression method. The landscape descriptors, constructed based on a textual analysis of the Landscape Atlases, are introduced in this second stage. The application of this method to the urban area of Angers shows the importance of these elements in analysing urbanisation.

International audience ; Urbanisation is usually modelled to account for the trade-off between the rent from an agricultural and urban land-use in a location. In this article, we propose a model that includes a characterisation of the land in respect of not only its economic and physical aspects, but also using variables in relation to landscape perception. To that end, we develop an original two-stage approach consisting of estimating a probability of urbanisation and then taking the uncertainty of urbanisation into account using an internal meta-regression method. The landscape descriptors, constructed based on a textual analysis of the Landscape Atlases, are introduced in this second stage. The application of this method to the urban area of Angers shows the importance of these elements in analysing urbanisation.

International audience ; Urbanisation is usually modelled to account for the trade-off between the rent from an agricultural and urban land-use in a location. In this article, we propose a model that includes a characterisation of the land in respect of not only its economic and physical aspects, but also using variables in relation to landscape perception. To that end, we develop an original two-stage approach consisting of estimating a probability of urbanisation and then taking the uncertainty of urbanisation into account using an internal meta-regression method. The landscape descriptors, constructed based on a textual analysis of the Landscape Atlases, are introduced in this second stage. The application of this method to the urban area of Angers shows the importance of these elements in analysing urbanisation.

Cities are gaining importance and influence worldwide. They sustain the global economy, set cultural trends, produce greenhouse gas emissions and consume energy; they attract migration flows and foster new political waves. While cities were supposed to be declining back in the 1980s, the globalised economy has established them as crucial world hubs leading billions of people on every continent, both at the top and the bottom of the social ladder, to move to cities. Today, global cities cry out for a more prominent role. But why and to what extent do they matter? Can they really stand alone in the global arena? How are they interacting with governments and multilateral organisations? From climate change to connectivity, from inequalities to migration: what is their contribution to key global challenges?