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The article is devoted to the overview of the main features of contemporary anti-Americanism with the special focus on its regional dimensions. This issue has theoretical and practical value: it is important for better understanding of the current developments in the sphere of international relations and world's attitudes towards American foreign policy. Comparatively to foreign researches – in Ukrainian political and historical studies anti-Americanism is not a popular issue. The research methodology within proposed article is mainly based on a comparative analysis. It is found that each country has its own specifics of the perception of the United States, which depends on history, relationship with the USA, traditions of political culture etc. There are also identified mutual features for the negative sentiments towards the USA in the different regions of the world. It is concluded that contemporary anti-Americanism can be qualified as a comprehensive (is interpreted by different scholars as ideology, philosophy, attitudes, tendency, outlook, etc.), a large-scale (covers all social levels, wide-spread due to mass-media), a universal (is present in rhetoric of right and left political forces), a global (can be found all over the globe, both among American allies as well as opponents), a wave-shaped (periods of rise and fall of the negative attitudes towards the USA are clearly determined by world public opinion polls), and a manipulative (is used by politicians and business to attract attention of the public, to explain fails in foreign or domestic policy, to mobilize voters, to advertize goods) phenomenon.

MCDM methods are useful to obtain information and generate knowledge useful for decision-making processes in multidisciplinary contexts. Particularly, when conflicts occur, knowledge is the key to start negotiation processes between stakeholders in order to achieve consensual solutions. The planning of protected areas is complex due to many competing uses of natural resources and the involvement of a large number of stakeholders. For the last ten years, participative MCDM methodologies have been carried out efficiently to reduce conflicts and allow to formalize stakeholder's participation in the policy development processes. In this paper, we propose a MCDM participative methodology in three levels that seeks to define management plans in protected areas. This method allows for the definition of management plans based on three levels of criteria that define the use of the natural area and provide a ranking of the main goals according to the stakeholders' priorities. The model was tested in two Spanish protected areas: Parque Natural de Lago de Sanabria y alrededores and Parque Natural de los Arribes del Duero. Firstly, the individual preferences of the most representative stakeholder groups were collected (Farmers, Business owners, Government and Scientists) and analyzed using two multi-criteria methods: AHP and GP. Moreover, a conflict index between stakeholders' groups was calculated. Results showed that conservation and development goals are the most preferred to consider for the planning of these areas. Furthermore, the most serious disagreement was found between farmers and scientists and between farmers and government about the wildlife conservation.

The objective of this research was to generate a theory about the Neoliberal Education Reform, undertaken since 1990 and developed with different aspects in the governmental periods, from Fujimori to Ollanta Humala. This study was developed within the qualitative paradigm, with grounded theory methodology and description of the phenomenal situation. The sample consisted of six informants, who provided the data through the in-depth interview technique. As a result, it was found that there was no explanatory theory that reveals the background of this Education Reform as well as teachers who do not identify with this reform, the successes and failures of it. The contributions broaden the reflexive theoretical universe of society, which has to do with Peruvian education. ; La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo generar una teoría acerca de la Reforma Educativa Neoliberal, emprendida desde 1990 y desarrollada con distintos matices en los periodos gubernamentales, desde Fujimori hasta Ollanta Humala. Este estudio se desarrolló dentro del paradigma cualitativo, con metodología de teoría fundamentada y descripción de la situación fenoménica. La muestra estuvo conformada por seis informantes, quienes proporcionaron los datos a través de la técnica de la entrevista a profundidad. Como resultado, se halló la carencia de una teoría explicativa que desvele el trasfondo de esta Reforma Educativa, además de docentes que no se identifican con dicha reforma, los aciertos y desaciertos de la misma. Los aportes amplían el universo teórico reflexivo de la sociedad, que tiene que ver con la educación peruana.

The objective of this research was to generate a theory about the Neoliberal Education Reform, undertaken since 1990 and developed with different aspects in the governmental periods, from Fujimori to Ollanta Humala. This study was developed within the qualitative paradigm, with grounded theory methodology and description of the phenomenal situation. The sample consisted of six informants, who provided the data through the in-depth interview technique. As a result, it was found that there was no explanatory theory that reveals the background of this Education Reform as well as teachers who do not identify with this reform, the successes and failures of it. The contributions broaden the reflexive theoretical universe of society, which has to do with Peruvian education. ; La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo generar una teoría acerca de la Reforma Educativa Neoliberal, emprendida desde 1990 y desarrollada con distintos matices en los periodos gubernamentales, desde Fujimori hasta Ollanta Humala. Este estudio se desarrolló dentro del paradigma cualitativo, con metodología de teoría fundamentada y descripción de la situación fenoménica. La muestra estuvo conformada por seis informantes, quienes proporcionaron los datos a través de la técnica de la entrevista a profundidad. Como resultado, se halló la carencia de una teoría explicativa que desvele el trasfondo de esta Reforma Educativa, además de docentes que no se identifican con dicha reforma, los aciertos y desaciertos de la misma. Los aportes amplían el universo teórico reflexivo de la sociedad, que tiene que ver con la educación peruana.

Public financial management enables government to implement policy. Financial management information systems are a central element of PFM in that they facilitate government financial transactions and subject them to rigorous budgetary controls. Therefore, the adequate use of FMIS systems supports the implementation of fiscal rules and provides the basis for holding the executive accountable for implementing the budget. Yet, the integrity of expenditure transactions and effectiveness of budget controls is rarely assessed. This paper explores the meaning of adequate use of FMIS systems and points to data analytics techniques that can shed light on how the use FMIS systems affects expenditure data integrity and effectiveness of budget controls. This methodology is applied to Pakistan and Cambodia, which reveals two very different problems. In Pakistan the analysis of the transactions profile suggests that a large share of the budget is not subjected to FMIS internal controls. In Cambodia the majority of the budget is channeled through the system, but the method exposes very large advances to commercial bank accounts that are subsequently drawn upon but outside the system. Both of these raise concerns about the effectiveness of the FMIS system. Deploying data analytics techniques can help assess whether FMIS systems serve form or function. Judging a system by its use is informative about governments' revealed preferences in expenditure management. This paper puts the spotlight on the foundation of expenditure data and advocates for a transparent, methodical and evidenced based approach to FMIS deployment and expenditure management reform.

Purpose: Refugees' inclusion at work is critical for the individual, for employers and for the receiving societies. Yet, refugees are often disadvantaged in working life or are being excluded from the labor market altogether. The purpose of this paper is to examine barriers and facilitators to refugees' inclusion at work at the individual, organizational and country level, and pay particular attention to how the three levels relate to each other in shaping inclusion and exclusion of refugees at work. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted 18 interviews with employed refugees, employers and experts from governmental and non-governmental institutions in the Netherlands. Findings: Based on the theoretical structure, 13 themes emerged from the interview material – 5 themes at the individual level, 4 at the organizational level and 4 at the country level. The authors also found indicators for an interplay of barriers and facilitators across levels. Research limitations/implications: This is a small study conducted in the Netherlands, providing several starting points for future research. Practical implications: The authors provide recommendations for refugees, employers and policy makers aimed at addressing barriers and leveraging facilitators of refugees' inclusion at work. Originality/value: The organizational level, which diversity research has shown to affect minority group members' inclusion at work, is rarely taken into account in refugee research. Based on the cross-level analysis, the authors identify patterns of interplay between the three levels and provide a relational framework of refugees' inclusion at work.

The article "The Economic Mechanism of the Micro-level Strategic Development of the Independent Region" is aimed at exploring territorial communities as the founder of the creation of an independent region in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to explore the basic provisions of the mechanism of self-government and self-financing of united territorial communities as prerequisites for the creation of an independent region. The work used a set of research methods, which is the methodology of analysis and organization of major publications, legislation and laws, namely methods of generalization, comparison, chronologization, analysis and generalization. The article deals with the concept of "territorial formation", which allows to fully grasp the value of territorial communities in the formation of an autonomous region, identifies the value of territorial ownership. The results of the study were conclusions made on the basis of research into the scientific and legislative base of research on this issue, as well as the formation of the main features of an independent region, which formed a scientific novelty in the field of economic research. The practical importance of scientific research and its results is the model of economic mechanism. The model should be dominated by the concept of economic equality of all subjects and parties to ownership. It is this system of economic relations between the center and the region that aligns the initial conditions, which sufficiently stimulates both subjects of property relations. Key words: economic mechanism, territorial communities, strategic development, independent region.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the influence of the algorithm used on scholarly search engines (Garfield's algorithm) and propose metrics to improve it so that science could be based on a more democratic way. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used a snow-ball approach to collect data that allowed identifying the history and the logic behind the Garfield's algorithm. It follows on excerpting the foundation of existing algorithm and databases of major scholarly search engine. It concluded proposing new metrics so as to surpass restraints and to democratize the scientific discourse. Findings – This paper finds that the studied algorithm currently biases the scientific discourse toward a narrow perspective, while it should take into consideration several researchers' characteristics. It proposes the substitution of the h-index by the number of times the scholar's most cited work has been cited. Finally, it proposes that works in languages different than English should be included. Research limitations/implications – The broad comprehension of any phenomena should be based on multiple perspectives; therefore, the inclusion of diverse metrics will extend the scientific discourse. Practical implications – The improvement of the existing algorithm will increase the chances of contact among different cultures, which stimulate rapid progress on the development of knowledge. Originality/value – The value of this paper residesin demonstrating that the algorithm usedin scholarly search engines biases the development of science. If updated as proposed here, science will be unbiased and bias aware.

The paper examines the discursive practices of religious discourse constructing devout religious identity that instigates fiery sentiments not only to rule out law of the state but also to assassinate others in the name of Allah (Hussain, 2018.). The religious discourse analysis is the framework and methodology of the paper. Religious polemics are categorized on the basis of spirituality present in them in contrast to the political discourse that constructs the rule of power. For analysis of the religious discourse on blasphemy case of Aasia Noreen Bibi, five speeches of the prominent religious figures of right and left wing have been selected and analysed on the basis of intertextuality for authenticity, affective, logic and lexical and syntactic construction to perpetuate the discursive practices in the realization and legitimization of the power of ideology of the actors through language. The paper delimits its scope to the case of Aasia Bibi, and the lives taken in reference to this case, i.e. assassination of the former governor of Punjab, Salman Taseer (Taseer's Omen: Salman Taseer's assassination shows how entrenched the religious right has become in Pakistan's polity, 2011) and former minister of religious minorities Shahbaz Bhatti. The study focuses on the construction of an accusative, extremist, violent religious discourse employing abusive lexemes by some of the right winged scholars that led extremists to protest country wide and cause damage to the public property on hearing the Supreme Court's acquittal of Aasia Bibi in October 2018 (Zafar, 2018; Hashim, 2018).

Values are those characteristics of human beings that provide them motivation and guidance throughout their lives. It is considered as the guiding principles of life that govern behaviour at the core of the personality. Today there is almost a public debate on the erosion of values. Newspapers, magazines and other news media are flooded with the news of immoral and criminal activities which are creating serious threats for the smooth survival of mankind. There is a general feeling that our present system of education is not quite effective in inculcating the right values among the young generation. It is becoming more materialistic day by day and value traditions are being slowly given up. Education is a powerful instrument of social change and human progress. Value orientation in education means inculcation of discipline, a sense of humanism and a deep concern for the well-being of others and the nation among the students. Value orientation in education is seeks to nurture ethical development, including the values, attitudes, and skills required for living in harmony with oneself and with others, including nature. Incorporating Value orientation in Education will result in growth of character, growth in virtues like self-control, tolerance, selfless service, practice of prayer, harmony, to love all people, to help them in need & respect them etc. In this paper, an attempt has been made to conceptualize the value orientation in education, its prospects and challenges. The methodology of this paper is descriptive and required informations are collected from different secondary sources like books, research articles, different government documents etc.

This monograph will address the following questions: "What was the perspective of Turkic peoples on wrestling branch of sports and what was the cultural aspect of wrestling for social structures and lifestyles of Turkic peoples? What type of a transformation did wrestle experience? What is its current state at national level?" Problem: The problem of this research pertains to the fact that the richness of traditional wrestling which is known to possess a deep-seated reputation in Turkish history of sports and occupy an affluent position in Turkish sports tradition is not well-reflected in the literature at national and international levels, its traditional cultural elements are lost along with globalization and it is likely to end up being almost erased from national memories. Objective: This modest study sought to find an answer to the question as to how Turkic peoples perceived traditional wrestling in religious, national, political, military, economic and social domains of life and aimed to incorporate the finding into the literature rightly. Methodology: From among qualitative research methods, descriptive and comparative research techniques were implemented in this study. Result: It was deduced that wrestling which was one of the primary activities in socio-cultural structures and lifestyles of ancient Turkic peoples was viewed as a social value and even as a social norm beyond being just a branch of sports, possessed embedded and rich rituals, but began to lose its meaning along with the disappearance of most of these rituals, and even if it was affected adversely by globalization, there still existed affection towards wrestling and the wrestler.

In Colombia the independent Research Centers, especially the Human Right's Not Governmental Organizations, have had an important role in the production of law sociology or socio-legal theory. These institutions have developed contributions in two fields: the human rights and the juridical pluralism. The article does a study of descriptive character of four Not Governmental Institutions and its contributions in the law sociology. The methodology of analysis is both descriptive and comparative, first, compares the work of these institutions with other research centers, especially the dynamics of the construction of socio- legal studies. Secondly, describes the production and path of these research centers and its protagonists who have played an important role in the Colombia's academy. ; En Colombia los centros de investigación independiente, en particular las Onganizaciones No Gubernamentales de Derechos Humanos, han tenido un papel importante en la producción de sociología del derecho o sociología jurídica. Estas instituciones han desarrollado aportes en dos campos: los derechos humanos y el pluralismo jurídico. El artículo hace un estudio de carácter descriptivo de cuatro instituciones no gubernamentales y sus aportes en la sociología del derecho. La metodología de análisis es descriptiva y comparativa; en primer lugar, compara el trabajo de estas instituciones con otros centros de investigación en particular la dinámica de la construcción de estudios socio -jurídicos; y en segundo lugar, describe la producción y trayectoria de estos centros de investigación y sus protagonistas quienes a su vez han jugado un papel importante en la academia del país.

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is a high-protein legume used as animal feed and as an industrial raw material. It is also processed into food products such as soymilk, roasted soya (soy coffee), soy powder, tokwa (tofu) or soybean curd, taho, soy sauce, and bread. In some areas, soybean is being consumed as vegetable (sprouts). Despite its various uses, soybean production in the Philippines is limited. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the supply chain of soybeans in Northern Philippines (Regions 2 and 3) and identify areas for improvement. Following the ACIAR-PCAARRD methodology in conducting a supply chain study, primary data were collected to answer the six key questions: key customers and product requirements; product, information, and payment flow; activities and services along the chain; key players and their roles; critical logistic issues and concerns; and what are the external influences. Soybean processors were identified as the key customers with volume requirements reaching around 100 tons per year. Results show that farmers lack technical knowledge in the production and marketing of soybeans and complained about the lack of market for their produce. On the other hand, processors explained they resort to using imported soybeans because of the low quality or lack of locally produced soybeans. It is therefore recommended that farmers be organized into associations or cooperatives to better avail of government support, from input provision to marketing and processing of soybeans. For farmers who cannot process their soybeans, they should be linked to processors.

Purpose: The article aims to investigate the current situation of the agricultural sector, as well as its normative-legal regulation in the Russian Federation. Currently, in the context of the economic development, the importance of the agricultural sector is undeniable. Design/Methodology/Approach: It is necessary to determine the trajectory of the internal control system in the management of agricultural organizations, to investigate the current situation of the agricultural sector in the Russian Federation, as well as to systematize the normative regulation in the agricultural sector and to identify the groups of problems of the internal control system. Findings: The article presents the stages of the implementation of the state policy in the field of a sustainable development of rural areas. There are identified the main directions of the development of the agricultural sector. Having analyzed the industry features in agriculture, determined by different scientists and practitioners, the authors identified features that affect the organization of the internal control system. There are analyzed and allocated enlarged groups of problems of internal control system in the agricultural organizations: normative-legal; organizational-methodical; informational; methodological; software and hardware. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be implemented into the practice of organization, functioning and improvement of the internal control system of agricultural organizations. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study is to clarify and develop the theoretical and methodological aspects of the internal control system in agricultural organizations in the context of digitalization. ; peer-reviewed

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the role of entrepreneurial artisan products in regional tourism competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach – This study applies secondary data from different sources (Regional Directorate of Statistics of Madeira, the Madeira Institute of Wine, Embroideries and Handicrafts) covering a temporal period spanning the last 15 years (2001-2015). This deployed quantitative data analysis through an econometric approach with recourse to regression models and the Pearson's correlation technique. Findings – According to the results, it is suggested that in terms of external support and funding, there should be a greater role and a boost in the number of projects carried out not only under the auspices of the European Union but also under the Autonomous Region of Madeira. Thus, participant companies may invest in greater business efficiency and entrepreneurship, in innovation, promotion and the internationalisation of their products, and thereby obtain greater overall regional competitiveness. Research limitations/implications – The generalisation of results remains to a certain extent limited, given the findings stem from only one particular region. The exclusive utilisation of secondary data may also undermine the robustness of the results obtained. Originality/value – The study provides empirical evidence that helps in identifying the role of artisan products within the capacity for regional tourism sector entrepreneurship and competitiveness. Furthermore, this also contributes to the knowledge of the scientific community particularly interested in artisan and cultural entrepreneurship and regional competitiveness in the tourism sector. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion