Suchergebnisse

Official statistical data are drawn on to document trends in Canadian immigration, particularly since WWII, with focus on Toronto, Ontario, 1970-2002. Changes in postwar immigration policy are traced across several major periods during these 3 decades, detailing how these have affected the numbers, origins, & types of immigrants. Increased diversity is noted in immigrant ethnic & cultural origins, language use, & religious affiliation; differences between immigrant groups in terms of age, gender, family status & size, income, home ownership, & major educational & occupational characteristics are reported. The extent to which Toronto has been able to accommodate its increasingly diverse immigrant population is examined, focusing on inclusionary & exclusionary forces. 11 Tables, 15 Figures. K. Hyatt Stewart

This article follows earlier discussions about the current status of Romani refugees and migrants within Europe and the role of human rights in the process of accession of Central European states to the European Union (EU), in the Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Volume 13, Number 2. Romani migration opens up central issues of democratisation in Eastern Europe and of the role played by the EU in shaping that process. Human rights appear to have been accorded secondary importance and were replaced by the political doctrines of accession as efforts to manage and control migration, particularly of so-called undesirable migrants, such as the Roma, have reached a hiatus. The argument offered here is that discrimination of the Roma has been defined as no more than a social problem so that governments, both East and West, can proceed with the political agenda of enlargement. To demonstrate this point, the article reviews some Czech governmental documentation related to the treatment of Roma and places it within the context of the debate around accession within the broader framework of EU harmonisation of immigration policies.

This article describes the complex relationship between exportation & foreign direct investment (FDI). Distinction is also made between FDI determined by sales opportunities & by cost-cutting opportunities, especially in connection with the New Member States (NMS). Furthermore, the Belgian FDI into the NMS is discussed. The article also examines the role of FDI in furthering the economic growth & development of the NMS & lists the FDI's advantages & disadvantages for the NMS. Additionally, the EU eastern expansion has mainly generated a positive result for Belgian businesses. The article also mentions a trend that the current industrial states would become less industrial, by just maintaining concept, design & R&D of products, while outsourcing the rest of the production process, including business services. In conclusion, a tentative roadmap for Belgian companies is drawn up in order to face the economic challenges of the expansion & to determine which government measures need to be taken to boost the Belgian companies' performances. 2 Tables, 33 References. A. Michaux

After brief discussion of the general losses refugees incur in connection with displacement, the paper examines empirically the structural & institutional factors that discourage refugees from taking initiatives to recoup their losses & to construct sustainable livelihoods in countries of asylum, as well as the conditions that perpetuate poverty, vulnerability, & marginalization. The paper argues that in developing countries refugee status, regardless of duration, leads to the acquisition of neither nationality nor denizenship. Basic rights & sources of livelihoods are apportioned on the basis of nationality & not residence. Lack of belonging to a spatially bounded community or geopolitical state entity is therefore the single most important factor that prevents formulation & implementation of long-term development programs. 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

After brief discussion of the general losses refugees incur in connection with displacement, the paper examines empirically the structural and institutional factors that discourage refugees from taking initiatives to recoup their losses and to construct sustainable livelihoods in countries of asylum, as well as the conditions that perpetuate poverty, vulnerability, and marginalization. The paper argues that in developing countries refugee status, regardless of duration, leads to the acquisition of neither nationality nor denizenship. Basic rights and sources of livelihoods are apportioned on the basis of nationality and not residence. Lack of belonging to a spatially bounded community or geopolitical state entity is therefore the single most important factor that prevents formulation and implementation of long-term development programs. 36 References. (Original abstract - amended)

El artículo analiza la evolución, las transformaciones más recientes y las perspectivas de la región bajodanubiana -que incluye a Rumania y a Bulgaria- en el marco geopolítico, histórico y cultural de la nueva Europa, desde el pasado, incluyendo los cambios acaecidos desde 1989 y hasta la actualidad, con las consecuentes dificultades que se presentan de cara a la próxima integración en el mundo de valores occidentales: la Alianza Atlántica OTAN y, sobre todo, la Unión Europea. Se incide tanto en la evolución, en la herencia histórico-cultural, y en la valoración de dichos cambios, como en las características del nuevo sistema político y económico y en el atraso de las reformas. A pesar de las incertidumbres que nublan el escenario de la región, el análisis vislumbra también ciertas perspectivas optimistas.This article analyses the evolution, recent transformations and potential future developments of the low Danube region, wich comprises of Romana and Bulgaria, in the geopolítical, historical and cultural context of the new Europe. From the past to the present, with a special reference to the changes produced after 1989, the analyisis focuses on the difficulties of the approaching integración of the region with the West, NATO and, first and foremost, the European Union. The article mentions and evaluates the evolution of the region, its historical and cultural legacy, as well as the new political and economic system and the delay of reforms. Despite of the general feeling of uncertainly about the future of the region, the present analysis underlines a number of positive trends.