Suchergebnisse

Childhood obesity has become an epidemic that can no longer be ignored. Obesity issues are being addressed through House Bill 108-265, under the provisions provided in Public Law 108-265, Section 2507; which requires school districts to develop local wellness policies. Local wellness policies include goals for nutrition education and physical activity, nutrition guidelines with the objectives of promoting student health and promoting the reduction of childhood obesity, meal reimbursement guidelines, a plan for measuring implementation, and input of multiple stakeholders. Although there have been many studies on the causes and costs of childhood obesity, less is known regarding the potential challenges to and benefits for implementing local wellness policies. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges to and potential benefits for implementing local wellness polices in Georgia Public Schools. Data from this study were collected from nine in-depth interviews in three different school districts throughout the State of Georgia. The results of this study for potential benefits include an increase in nutritional offerings during school lunches, increased awareness on health related topics, increased health education and promotion, potential long-term health benefits, healthier more alert students including higher selfesteem, reduced stress, increased attendance and academic achievement; and an increase in physical activity including more recreation and physical education classes for students and staff. The results of this study for challenges to implementing local wellness policy include lack of time in parent and teacher schedules, teacher stress, vending sponsorships and profits, lack of training, lack of state and federal financial support, the availability of convenience and fast foods, costs associated with healthier foods, increased academic requirements and state mandates, and family and cultural values towards nutrition and physical activity. All district local wellness policies included the minimum necessary requirements under federal law; however, a disconnection was evident between implementation by district administrators and implementation in the schools. Consequently, although all districts had a written policy, there was a lack a plan for implementation at all levels. Based on this study, there is a need to help districts develop creative ways to incorporate the local wellness policy requirements into the instructional day, provide alternative ways to seek loss of vending profits, and lobby legislators to provide financial and technical support. Finally, there needs to be a clear understanding of the responsibilities of each stakeholder, a need to specifically identify the objectives and intended outcomes of local wellness policy implementation, and a plan for evaluation.

IIMMLA was supported by the Russell Sage Foundation. Since 1991, the Russell Sage Foundation has funded a program of research aimed at assessing how well the young adult offspring of recent immigrants are faring as they move through American schools and into the labor market. Two previous major studies have begun to tell us about the paths to incorporation of the children of contemporary immigrants: The Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), and the Immigrant Second Generation in New York study. The Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles study is the third major initiative analyzing the progress of the new second generation in the United States. The Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles (IIMMLA) study focused on young adult children of immigrants (1.5- and second-generation) in greater Los Angeles. IIMMLA investigated mobility among young adult (ages 20-39) children of immigrants in metropolitan Los Angeles and, in the case of the Mexican-origin population there, among young adult members of the third- or later generations. The five-county Los Angeles metropolitan area (Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, Riverside and San Bernardino counties) contains the largest concentrations of Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Filipinos, Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and other nationalities in the United States. The diverse migration histories and modes of incorporation of these groups made the Los Angeles metropolitan area a strategic choice for a comparison study of the pathways of immigrant incorporation and mobility from one generation to the next. The IIMMLA study compared six foreign-born (1.5-generation) and foreign-parentage (second-generation) groups (Mexicans, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Koreans, Chinese, and Central Americans from Guatemala and El Salvador) with three native-born and native-parentage comparison groups (third- or later-generation Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks). The targeted groups represent both the diversity of modes of incorporation in the United States and the range of occupational backgrounds and immigration status among contemporary immigrants (from professionals and entrepreneurs to laborers, refugees, and unauthorized migrants). The surveys provide basic demographic information as well as extensive data about socio-cultural orientation and mobility (e.g., language use, ethnic identity, religion, remittances, intermarriage, experiences of discrimination), economic mobility (e.g., parents' background, respondents' education, first and current job, wealth and income, encounters with the law), geographic mobility (childhood and present neighborhood of residence), and civic engagement and politics (political attitudes, voting behavior, as well as naturalization and transnational ties).

Характерными особенностями современных динамично изменяющихся обществ признаны неопределенность и риск. Они проникают в механизмы социального развития и становятся неотъемлемой частью социальной реальности. Как объективное условие жизни и деятельности риск особенно актуален в среде молодежи, и поиск способов его регуляции становится настоятельной необходимостью. В статье рассматриваются механизмы возникновения неопределенности и риска в социальном развитии молодежи, выявляются изменения в уровне средовых и деятельностных рисков, обсуждаются пути их регуляции. На примере образования как важнейшей составляющей социального развития молодежи показаны происходящие в настоящее время изменения институциональной регуляции риска и его саморегуляции. Особое внимание уделено отношению молодежи к национальному проекту «Образование» как способу институционального снижения риска и средствам неинституционального регулирования с использованием механизмов социальной стратификации, социальной организации и социокультурных способов индивидуальной саморегуляции. Социологические механизмы управления риском рассматриваются с позиций нелинейности социальных изменений в современном обществе и в образовании как его части. На основе представительных социологических исследований, проводимых Отделом социологии молодежи ИСПИ РАН, делаются выводы о неоднозначном характере их проявления в российской системе образования. ; Risk and uncertainty are well"recognized features of modern, dynamically changing societies. They penetrate social development mechanisms and become an integral part of social reality. Risks are felt particularly acutely by the youth as an objective part of life. Fundamental theoretical research is conducted to elucidate methods for managing risk. In this regard, the article examines how uncertainty and risk emerge in the social development of youth, it uncovers changes in the level of environmental and activity risks, and considers how these risks might be regulated. The analysis deals with the grounding of sociological mechanisms for risk management rather than with concrete risk trends. Due to its extreme importance for the social development of youth, the case of education is used to study changes in the institutional regulation of risks, and in school and college students self"regulation of risk. Particular attention is given to youths attitude to the National Project Education as to an institutional means of reducing risk, and to youths attitude to non"institutional regulation mechanisms involving social stratification, social organization, and cultural mechanisms of individual self"regulation. Sociological mechanisms of risk management are considered in the perspective of the nonlinearity of social changes in modern society and in education as an integral part of society. The study is based on representative surveys conducted by the Youth Department of the Social and Political Studies Institute of the RAS. The conclusion is that the social changes manifest themselves in modern Russian education in a variety of ways.

In my thesis I examine the self-images of Europe reproduced in two European newspapers. My viewpoint is to study articles that discuss Turkey's accession negotiations with the European Union in order to find the self-images reproduced by mirroring the self (Europe) to the other (Turkey). By discussing what Turkey should be in order to gain accession in the European Union, the articles formulate their own perception of Europe. My research material consists of 57 articles published in the Brussels-based European Voice and Finnish Helsingin Sanomat in October – December 2005. By comparing the articles published in two different countries I attempt to reach a setting that enables enough differences for comparison. My research method combines discourse analysis with the self-other nexus, the theory of self and the other mutually constructing each other. I also conduct a hegemonic discourse analysis to reveal the hegemonic structures in the articles. As the background theory I use cultural and political research conducted on European boundaries, foremost studies of European identity formation and the historical relations between Europe and Turkey. In the articles, Europe is commonly depicted as prosperous, democratic and developed when defined through the other, Turkey. The European Voice has a more positive image of Europe than Helsingin Sanomat. In the European Voice a European Turkey is seen as ideal, but a more Turkish Europe as a large threat. On the contrary, the discourses of Helsingin Sanomat contain more criticism to the European self. Europe is seen more duplicitous and incoherent than in the European Voice. It is possible to distinguish three different self-image categories of "Europe": 1) the Europe of ideals, 2) the Europe of masses and 3) the Official Europe of the decision-makers. The Europe of ideals is the common basis for the Europe of masses and the Official Europe, but forming a coherent European self-understanding proves difficult due to the gap and mistrust between the two latter images. From the viewpoint of hegemony, both papers have the tendency to evaluate both Europe and Turkey from the traditional hard politics viewpoint of the power-holders – mainly economy and politics. In addition, both inevitability of deepening the European integration and Turkey's subordinate position to Europe reach a somewhat hegemonic position. This suggests that the papers consider the viewpoints of the European elite to be important in defining the European self and the suitability of the other into this self-image.

Im Zentrum dieser literaturwissenschaftlichen Arbeit steht der "homo migrans" (Klaus Bade). Dieser ist nicht ein Typus, sondern vielmehr Sammelbegriff verschiedenster Länder, Kulturen und Sprachen querender Figuren der Bewegung: eurokoloniale Rück- und postkoloniale Zuwanderer, Asylbewerber, politische Dissidenten, Glaubensflüchtlinge, Arbeitsmigranten, Familiennachzügler und Aussiedler. Sie alle bewegen sich transnational und häufig interkontinental über und zwischen Grenzräumen. Unter dem Eindruck einer erneuten Beschleunigung globaler Migrationsprozesse ist es daher aus der Perspektive der Literaturwissenschaft entscheidend, sich zeitgenössischen Literaturen zu stellen, deren Autorschaft in genau jener kritischen wie produktiven Dynamik von Ortswechsel, Ent- und Reterritorialisierung, Heimatverlust und Herkunftsentwürfen stattfindet. Anhand ausgewählter Texte der deutschsprachigen Schriftstellerin ungarischer Herkunft Terézia Mora und des mexikanischen Schriftstellers italienischer Herkunft Fabio Morábito soll verdeutlicht werden, mit welch unterschiedlichen auktorialen Vorraussetzungen, produktionsästhetischen Strategien und leitmotivischen Schwerpunkten literarische Gegenwelten der Migration, der Fremd- und Selbsterfahrung erzeugt werden. So entstehen aus dem Innern eines als vielfach fremd empfundenen urbanen Lebensraums Zwischenweltfiguren und Bewegungsmuster, die zu analysieren sich allemal lohnt, wenn es darum gehen soll, mit den Mitteln der Literatur als Speicher von "Lebenswissen" (Ottmar Ette) zu einem tieferen Verständnis dieser – ökonomisch wie kulturell wie analytisch – immer wichtiger werdenden Wissensressourcen vorzudringen. Die Analyse berücksichtigt bei beiden Autoren das bisher publizierte, literarische Gesamtwerk, setzt aber deutliche Schwerpunkte bei Terézia Moras Roman 'Alle Tage' und bei Fabio Morábitos Erzählband 'También Berlín se olvida', unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner umfangreichen, für das vorliegende Thema sehr ergiebigen Lyrik. ; The main focus of this master's thesis in literary studies is the 'homo migrans' (Klaus Bade). This entity is not a uniform archetype of migration, but a conglomeration of subjects who traverse a diverse range of countries, cultures and languages: the eurocolonial and postcolonial migrant, the asylum seeker, the dissident, the labor or family migrant, the refugee, the ethnic repatriate. They all share transnational and often intercontinental paths of trans-border movement. In light of the perpetual acceleration of global migration, it is of crucial importance that the humanities confront and discuss contemporary literature, which deals with the critical and productive dynamics of delocalization, de- and reterritorialization, the loss of homeland and the multiple constructions of belonging. In this thesis, selected works by the German-Hungarian author Terézia Mora and the Mexican-Italian author Fabio Morábito are analyzed to demonstrate the diverse auctorial conditions, aesthetic strategies and leitmotifs that produce literary counterworlds of migration, oscillating conceptions of identity and alienation. From within urban spaces that are oftentimes estranging, perspectives emerge of liminal identities that navigate between different worlds. As the analyses of Mora and Morábito illustrate, modes of identity and movement are literary expressions of 'Lebenswissen' (Ottmar Ette). They are therefore an invaluable contribution to our understanding of migration, in an economic, cultural, as well as analytical sense. The thesis takes into account the complete series of literary works that the two authors published until 2006. However, its focal points are Terézia Mora's novel 'Alle Tage', as well as the short stories of 'También Berlín se olvida' and the lyrical oeuvre of Fabio Morábito.

One segment of the perspective of human resources in a specific region is its demographic development (adequate vital indicators), as well as a proper educational structure of the active population. Among other things, the essence of the development of Vojvodina is the improvement of its human potential as a whole and the desire that no community, neither ethnical nor national minorities, should lag behind in it. In the 1990s, the impoverishment and loss of perspective in our country accelerated emigra tion of the population, as well as the tendency for a relative and absolute decrease in the number of the Hungarians in our region. In 2002, the number of Hungarians was 290.207, which means that in ten years it decreased for 49.284 persons. This is a result of a low birthrate, assimilation, and mostly emigration abroad, usually of young experts with their families. The loss of a significant part of intellectuals, valuable workers, means a great handicap for our human resource in the country, bat also for the national community of the Hungarians. Progress and survival of all nations and nationalities in Serbia depends on their ability to get included in the developmental economic, cultural trends, their capability at the job market. One of the guarantees that we would catch up with the world is the progress in the school system, professional education of the population and the stability of the economic system. In order to view the position of the Hungarians in the school system in Vojvodina, we analyze their share at the educational levels the share of Hungarians at different educational levels is not adequate, when we take into account their percentage share in the total population of Vojvodina (14,28%). At the elementary level, the share of the Hungarians in the total number of elementary-school pupils is only 12,31%, at the secondary-school level it is about 11%, but at the high-school level it is barely above 8%. The share of the Hungarians at the university studies is too small (below 6% of the total number of students). Further decrease in the number of students, classes at schools and staff carrying out lecturing in that mother tongue, for the Hungarian community would mean fast degradation. The Hungarians feel threatened, suppressed, and that creates lack of confidence in the dominant nation. For these reasons, the positive discrimination is necessary, special attention towards the threatened communities, to enable the national minorities to preserve their identity and culture, to maintain a stable multiethnic atmosphere in the Vojvodina region.

Urban agglomerations all over Europe are growing at the expense of the surrounding landscapes. Given the enormous growth of built-up land for settlement and transport use within recent decades in Western and Southern Europe and, more recently, comparable trends within Central and Eastern European EU accession states landscape and open space policy in urban regions is an emerging core issue and action field for targeted sustainable spatial development (Office for Publications of the European Communities 1999). For European urban regions strategies and instruments to secure and improve open spaces play an important role because quality of life, the image of the region as well as international competitive capacity are tightly linked with the existence of valuable open space structures. Although Germany has a comparatively well-developed system of landscape protection (e.g. landscape planning, nature protection) and inclusion of landscape issues in the political instruments of town and regional planning, every day 105 ha of open space is transformed into sealed land. Conflicts between ecological and socio-economic aspects tend to obstruct the implementation of traditional landscape policy instruments, which frequently ignore the multifunctionality of urban landscapes (Apolinarski/Gailing/Röhring 2004). For these reasons in some urban regions protagonists involved in landscape policy have recognized that metropolitan open space depends not only on the top-down approach of public landscape protection, but also on active landscape management and development. They have established Regional parks in order to enhance the value of open spaces by means of project-oriented regional management. Improving living conditions and mobilising urban landscape is to be achieved by the collaborative implementation of local projects and by overcoming problems of institutional interplay (Young 2002) between fields such as local recreation, sustainable agriculture, nature protection, protection of cultural heritage or landscape architecture. In the sense of multifunctional landscape management individual open space interests are integrated and the status of open space is strengthened in a holistic approach. Former "residual space" can thus acquire a lobby in formal planning processes. Case studies of the "Berlin-Brandenburger Regionalparks", the "Regionalpark RheinMain" and the "Emscher Landschaftspark" demonstrate that Regional parks are an innovative form of regional governance in agglomerations and urban surroundings (Gailing 2004). Despite problems like the underestimation of agricultural land use or the dependence on public finances, Regional parks can be identified as efficient tools to strengthen the status of the landscape in urban and regional policies. By bridging the gap between conception and implementation they are complementary to existing formal planning processes.

It is still too early to assess the full impact of the Internet on China's rapidly evolving religious landscape. The effectiveness of Falun Gong's cyber-militancy has, however, underscored the role new information technologies are playing in the shifting relations of power between a classic repressive state apparatus and deterritorialized religious or sectarian movements. While the impact of the development of the Internet and other information technologies on the economy and politics of the Chinese world has been amply commented upon, to my knowledge no in-depth research has yet been conducted on how the Internet is changing the form of religion in China. And yet, religious changes represent an important dimension of the cultural recomposition and transformation of the Chinese-speaking world. This chapter proposes some initial hypotheses and observations on these issues, a preliminary report on what will, I hope, become a full-fledged study on the expansion of religion in Chinese cyberspace and its impact on religious practices, communities, and state-religion relations in contemporary China. I will begin with some general considerations on the relationship between information technology and religion; briefly present the types of religious information available on the Chinese Internet; and consider the cases of Daoism and of Falun Gong. In these case studies, we will see how, as a "virtual panopticon" closely monitored by the state while at the same time a space allowing unprecedented freedom of expression and access to information, the Internet is becoming a new zone of tension in the age-old agonistic relationship between religion and state in China. I began this study with three hypotheses. It was assumed that new information technologies would have three effects on the Chinese religious landscape: (1) the emergence of a new space for religious expression, characterized by an autonomous quest for meaning rather than collective rituals; (2) a further undermining of orthodoxies accompanied by the emergence of new centers of religious influence; (3) greater integration of Chinese communities on the mainland and overseas, as well as between Chinese and non-Chinese communities. So far, while the data seems to support the first two hypotheses, the third needs to be reformulated: a clear difference appears between online religion in mainland China and Hong Kong-Taiwan, with, surprisingly, the potentialities of the Web being more fully exploited on the mainland than in Hong Kong and Taiwan. This discrepancy will be described and explained in our case study of Daoism. ; postprint

Northern Canada is facing unprecedented social, political, economic, environmental, and cultural changes. Unfortunately, attention to northern issues has typically been sustained for only short periods in response to external events usually associated with interests in minerals, oil and natural gas reserves, or pipelines. Public policy needs to be supported by a strong knowledge base: the results of scholarly studies and various research and monitoring programs can help government to identify problems, set priorities, and implement solutions. The cumulative effect of inadequate federal funding has been to marginalize northern research, creating a crisis in capacity and knowledge that can no longer be ignored. . Several fundamental problems have contributed to the current crisis in northern science and research in Canada. Canada has no accepted northern science and research strategy. . There is a conspicuous lack of funding for northern research in Canada, at a time when most other polar countries have significantly increased their investment in research capacity, including infrastructure and logistical support. . Federal northern science and research programs and resources are fragmented across numerous departments and agencies. Conflicting mandates between and within individual departments result in poor planning and a lack of continuity. . Numerous disincentives in the research community have diminished interest in northern research. Thus a lack of training and replacement of northern researchers has led to a serious reduction in our capacity to address northern issues in many fields. So how do we put our polar house in order? . Building on the suggestions made by England (2000), we propose a two-part solution to secure Canadian leadership in northern science and research. These proposals both enhance political identity and accountability and improve opportunities for effective planning and action. First, there is a critical need to develop a national strategy for Northern Science, Research, and Knowledge (NSRK). This NSRK Strategy would be tabled in Parliament and would provide direction for national commitments and activities. The Strategy would be developed by an interdepartmental deputy minister committee, in consultation with northern governments (territorial and aboriginal), the northern colleges and research institutes, university-based northern research institutes, northern communities and the private sector. . Second, we propose that the federal government establish a Canadian Northern Research Service. The Service would support the development of a NSRK Strategy . The Service would also provide a home for northern training and education initiatives, particularly the University of the Arctic. The Northern Scientific Training Program is already one of the most successful ways of enhancing northern research expertise, but it could be expanded to include northern students and greater community involvement. .

AbstractMongol law, the jasaq, has provided the basis for a long tradition of studies which were inaugurated by Petis de la Croix in 1710. He was the first to define a list of precepts of the jasaq, but without taking into consideration either the chronology or their origins. Most subsequent scholars dealing with the question revived this same vision of the jasaq. Debate was especially focused on whether or not the Mongols possessed a written code of laws. But, until now, little discussion has taken place concerning what the jasaq represented for the Mongols themselves and how this Mongol law was perceived by Mediaeval authors who, on the whole, confused the imperial edicts (jasaq) with customs (yosun). The present article is an attempt to clarify these issues. The author examines the jasaq in its politico-cultural context and, in particular, the analysis of the precepts takes into consideration shamanism, the Mongol system of representations. Reasons for the lack of understanding by Muslims of certain customs in disharmony with Islam are thereby highlighted, reasons which led them to see, in the jasaq, an equivalent of the sharī'a: a Mongol order imposed on populations which had fallen under their domination. La loi mongole, le jasaq, a donné lieu à une longue tradition d'études qui fut inaugurée par Petis de la Croix au XVIIe siècle. Il fut le premier à dresser une liste des préceptes du jasaq, sans tenir compte de la chronologie des sources et de leur provenance. Les chercheurs qui se sont penchés par la suite sur cette question ont repris, pour la plupart d'entre eux, cette vision du jasaq. Le débat s'est surtout focalisé sur l'existence ou non d'un code de loi écrit chez les Mongols. Mais, jusqu'à présent, il a été peu discuté de ce que le jasaq représentait pour les Mongols eux-mêmes et comment cette loi mongole a été perçue par les auteurs médiévaux qui confondaient, la plupart du temps, les édités impériaux (jasaq) et les coutumes (yosun). Cet article fait le point sur ces questions. L'auteur examine le jasaq dans son contexte politico-culturel et, en particulier, il prend en compte, dans l'analyse des préceptes, le système de représentations des Mongols, le chamanisme. Il met ainsi en lumière les raisons de l'incompréhension, de la part des musulmans, de certaines coutumes en désaccord avec l'islam, ce qui les a conduits à voir dans le jasaq l'équivalent de la sharī'a: un ordre mongol imposé aux populations tombées sous leur domination.

Books reviewed:S.H. Rigby, Towns in decline, AD 100‐1600R.H Britnell, The Great Roll of the Pipe for the sixth year of the reign of King Henry III, Michaelmas 1222Nuala Zahedieh, Socialbility and power in late‐Stuart England: the cultural worlds of the Verneys, 1660‐1720John C. Appleby, St Peter Port, 1680‐1830: the history of an international entrepôtJordan Goodman, Liquid pleasures: a social history of drinks in modern BritainKristine Bruland, Industrial espionage and technology transfer: Britain and France in the eighteenth centuryJ.R. Wordie, Roots of change: farming and the landscape in East Anglia, c 1700‐1870James A. Jaffe, Early trade unionism: fraternity, skill and the politics of labourPat Hudson, The British industrial revolution: an economic perspectiveCallum G. Brown, Congregational missions and the making of an imperial culture in nineteenth‐century EnglandFelix Driver, The Oxford history of the British empire, III: the nineteenth centuryColin G. Pooley, The Irish in Victorian Britain: the local dimensionM.W Kirby, Raleigh and the British bicycle industry: an economic and business history, 1870‐1960G.C. Peden, The management of the national debt of the United Kingdom, 1900‐1932Alan Booth, The Treasury and British public policy, 1906‐1959Richard C. Thurlow, Whitehall and the Jews, 1933‐1948: British immigration policy and the HolocaustJim Tomlinson, Rethinking British declineRichard Perren, Region and strategy in Britain and Japan: business in Lancashire and Kansai, 1890‐1900B.W.E. Alford, In the public interest: competition policy and the Monopolies and Mergers CommissionDavid Armitage, The Oxford history of the British empire, V: historiographyPaul Warde, Defiled trades and social outcasts: honour and ritual pollution in early modern GermanyMartin Chick, Histoire de l'électricité en Suisse: la dynamique d'un petit pays européen, 1875‐1939 Glassmaking in Renaissance Venice: the fragile craftFrancesca TrivellatoJoseph Harrison, Empresa, mercados, mina y mineros: Rio Tinto, 1873‐1936Joseph Harrison, The Mediterranean response to globalization before 1950Roger Middleton, The development of economics in western Europe since 1945Roger Bartlett, The Russian peasantry, 1600‐1930: the world the peasants madeChristopher Clay, The Ottoman city between east and west: Aleppo, Izmir, and IstanbulVirginia H. Aksan, Consumption studies and the history of the Ottoman empire, 1550‐1922: an introductionH.A. Gemery, Migration and the origins of the English Atlantic worldS.D Smith, The British Isles and the War of American IndependenceRobert G. Greenhill, Business history in Latin America: the experience of seven countriesPenelope Francks, The pursuit of power in modern Japan, 1825‐1995Katrina Honeyman, Working out gender: perspectives from labour historyRanald Michie, The global debt bombRoger Middleton, Reconstructing poliltical economy: the great divide in economic thought

Book reviewed in this article:GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELANDEmilie Amt, The accession of Henry II in England: royal government restored, 1149‐1159William Hassall and Jacques Beauroy, eds., Lordship and landscape in Norfolk, 1250‐1350: the early records of HolkhamBarbara A. Hanawalt, Growing up in medieval London: the experience of childhood in historyEileen Spring, Law, land, and family: aristocratic inheritance in England, 1300‐1800Michael Zell, Industry in the countryside: Wealden society in the sixteenth centuryIlana Krausman Ben‐Amos, Adolescence and youth in early modern EnglandHelen M. Dingwall, Late seventeenth‐century Edinburgh: a demographic studyT. M. Devine, The transformation of rural Scotland: social change and the agrarian economy, 1660‐1815John Landers, Death and the metropolis: studies in the demographic history of London, 1670‐1870T. R. Gourvish and R. G. Wilson, The British brewing industry, 1830‐1980Donald E. Jordan, Jr., Land and popular politics in Ireland: County Mayo from the plantation to the land warAndrew Davies and Steven Fielding, eds., Workers'worlds: cultures and communities in Manchester and Salford, 1880‐1939Peter Razzell, Essays in English population historyPaul Johnson, ed., Twentieth‐century Britain: economic, social and cultural changeMichael Sanderson, The missing stratum: technical school education in England, 1900‐1990sJ. H. Bamberg, The history of the British Petroleum Company, 2 GENERAL Susan Pedersen, Family, dependence, and the origins of the welfare stateR. J. Overy, War and economy in the Third ReichOlivia Remie Constable, Trade and traders in Muslim Spain: the commercial realignment of the Iberian Peninsula, 900‐1500John Henderson, Piety and charity in late medieval FlorencePhilip T. Hoffman and Kathryn Norberg, eds., Fiscal crises, liberty, and representative government, 1450‐1789Jonathan Barry and Colin Jones, eds., Medicine and charity before the welfare statePaul R. Gregory, An economic history of Russia from emancipation to the first five‐year planClive J. Dewey, The settlement literature of the greater Punjab: a handbookR. Chandavarkar, The origins of industrial capitalism in India: business strategies and the working classes in Bombay, 1900‐1940David Pong, Shen Pao‐chen and China's modernisation in the nineteenth centuryThomas Weiss and Donald Schaefer, eds., American economic development in historical perspectiveRichard H. K. Vietor, Contrived competition: regulation and deregulation in AmericaRondo Cameron, Financing industrializationCliff Pratten, The stock marketCatherine Geissler and Derek Oddy, eds., Food, diet and economic change past and presentGraeme D. Snooks, Economics without time: a science blind to the forces of historical changeGraeme D. Snooks, ed., Historical analysis in economicsBernard Semmel, The liberal ideal and the demons of empire: theories of imperialism from Adam Smith to LeninNathan Rosenberg, Exploring the black box: technology, economics, and history

If agricultural development is considered as the gradual changes occurring in the agricultural production, processes that are assumed to be socially beneficial, the knowledge of these processes , their transformations in time as well as spatial adaptations is of primary importance. Especially because such a knowledge should be at the basis of any critical consideration or recommendation for action aiming at modifying the existing production processes and the on-going course of their changes in a given area. In FSRD, well-known concepts of the micro analysis are successfully used to understand, evaluate and improve these production processes at the farm level. Meanwhile, at a larger scale and in order to identify the deep key transformations that affect in the long term the whole farms of a region, these useful concepts are not sufficient. Particularly, they do not permit the appraisal of the conditions and consequences of the these determining evolutions and adaptations. Especially their economic and social implications. To characterize such significant changes in the production processes at the regional or national levels, a more global concept is necessary that we call Agrarian System. At the crossroads between agro-ecology and agro-economy, the concept's main variables arc the cultivated ecosystem and the instruments and means which are used to produce, maintain and exploit it creating a specific mode of exploitation of the environment. Other essential interrelated variables that have also to be taken in to account to explain the key transformations of agrarian systems are the division of labor between the various economic sectors, the relations of production, ownership and exchanges of the products, as well as the dominating political and cultural conditions and institutions. The paper presents how such a global concept can be used to: - propose a pertinent diagnosis on the present state and on-going evolution of a regional agriculture. - formulate adapted orientations for its future development, especially for the less-favoured groups of farmers. Recent studies on key changes in the rice-based agrarian systems of southern Thailand provide illustrations and concrete examples as well as demonstrate the relevance of this approach in the present state of Thai agriculture. It is also suggested that such study of the historical transformations and spatial adaptations of the agricultural production processes constitutes the subject of an agricultural development science understood as a part of the global social development.

Ethnology: The Bamboo Fire: An Anthropologist in New Guinea. William E. Mitchell.Ethnology: Papuan Belief and Ritual. John Parratt.Ethnology: Medicine and Slavery: The Diseases and Health Care of Blacks in Antebellum Virginia. Todd L. Savitt.Ethnology: Bibliography of New Religious Movements in Primal Societies. Volume II: North America. Harold W. Turner.Ethnology: Pouvoir des Vivants, Langage des Morts: Idéo‐logiques Sakalava. J. F. Baré.Ethnology: 'Elota's Story: The Life and Times of a Solomon Islands Big Man. Roger M. Keesing.General and Theoretical: Ethnopsychiatrica: Revue Semestrielle Bilingue. George Devereux.General and Theoretical: The Illustrated Golden Bough. James G. Frazer.General and Theoretical: Towards the Elimination of Racism. Phyllis A. Katz.Applied Anthropology: Caring for Ourselves: An Alternative Structure for Health Care. Nancy Kleiber and Linda Light.Applied Anthropology: In Search for Community: Encounter Groups and Social Change. Kurt W. Back.Applied Anthropology: Future Directions in Health Care: A New Public Policy. Rick J. Carlson and Robert Cunningham.Applied Anthropology: The Culture of a Community College. Howard B. London.Applied Anthropology: Urban Problems: Psychological Inquiries, Readings and Text. Neil C. Kalt and Sheldon S. Zalkind.Applied Anthropology: Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier. Robert Fishman.Physical Anthropology: The Primate Forelimb: A Morphometric Study of Locomotor Diversity. Marc R. Feldeman.Physical Anthropology: Essays on Kuru. R. W. Hornabrook.Physical Anthropology: Ancient Disease in the Midwest. Dan Morse.Physical Anthropology: Human Population Genetics. Russell M. Reid.Physical Anthropology: The Stature of Early Southern California Indian Populations. Spencer L. Rogers.Physical Anthropology: Verhandlungem der Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie und Humangenetik: 13. Tagung vom 10.‐13. Oktober 1973 in Giessen. Ulrich Schaefer.Physical Anthropology: Okologie, Lebensweise und Sozialverhalten der grauen Languren in verschiedenen Biotopen Indiens. Christian Vogel.Linguistics: Diccionario de la Lengua Guajira: Guajiro Castellano. Miguel Angel Jusayú.Linguistics: Phonétique historique haïtienne (l'haïtien, nouvelle langue romane). Michelson P. Hyppolite.Linguistics: Korean Clause Structure. Shin Ja Joo Hwang.Linguistics: Diccionario Tzotzil de San Andrés con Variaciones Dialectales. Alfa Hurley Vda. de Delgaty and Agustín Ruíz Sánchez.Linguistics: Wikchamni Grammar. Geoffrey Gamble.Linguistics: First Fire: Central and South American Indian Poetry. Hugh Fox.Linguistics: Zalmoxis: The Vanishing God. Comparative Studies in the Religions and Folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe. Mircea Eliade.Linguistics: Lexique Analytique du Vocabulaire Inuit Moderne au Quebec‐Labrador. Louis‐Jacques Dorais.Linguistics: Amharic Verb Morphology: A Generative Approach. M. Lionel Bender and Hailu Fulass.Linguistics: The Ethiopian Nilo‐Saharans. M. Lionel Bender.Archaeology: Historical Archaeology: A Guide to Substantive and Theoretical Contributions. Robert L. Schuyler.Archaeology: Man's Rise to Civilization: The Cultural Ascent of the Indians of North America. Rev. 2nd ed. Peter Farb.

Este artículo estudia el lenguaje de derechos bajo el primer peronismo para lo cual se plantea un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, se propone explicar la ruptura que el gobierno peronista del período 1946-1955 implicó en materia de derechos. Sostendremos que la proclamación e institución de nuevos derechos sociales, no sólo amplió beneficios materiales y simbólicos para los trabajadores, sino que además trajo consigo un nuevo lenguaje que puso en cuestión los usos y sentidos alrededor de los derechos de los individuos que habían dominado el imaginario político de las primeras décadas de la Argentina moderna. Los usos y desusos de aquel nuevo lenguaje tuvieron efectos significativos a nivel de los destinatarios de los nuevos derechos. El segundo propósito del artículo es entonces abordar ese proceso subjetivo de rasgos complejos y autónomos que se dio a nivel de la recepción discursiva de este nuevo lenguaje. El peronismo propició un sujeto de derechos que si bien gozó y se sujetó a los derechos otorgados, exigió y forzó los límites de los derechos ya consagrados e instituidos, reclamando por los que estaban por venir. ; This paper studies the language of rights under first Peronism, and to do that it has a twofold objective. In the first instance, it aims to account for the rupture that the Peronist government (1946- 1955) brought about in respect to rights discourse. As it will be argued, during those years the declaration and institutionalization of new social rights, not only expanded material and symbolic benefits for workers, but it also bring into play a new language that questioned the meanings and uses around rights that had prevailed in the political imaginary during the first decades of modern Argentina. The new language and its new uses and disuses had significant effects at the level of addressees of new rights. The second purpose of this article is then to analyze this subjective process of autonomous and complex aspects that took place at the level of the discursive reception. Peronism motivated a subject of rights that even if it subjected itself to the rights already obtained, it also demanded and forced the limits of the already consecrated and institutionalized rights, claiming for those still to come. ; Fil: Barros, Mercedes María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; Argentina. Provincia de Rio Negro; Argentina