Suchergebnisse

Medical devices are an integral part of healthcare service delivery and they are used for monitoring, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Proper utilization of medical devices is important for ensuring the safety of users and patients, reducing downtime, improving the quality of health services and increasing the benefit of financial investment. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of medical devices and to develop web-based medical equipment management system. Both quantitative and qualitative data has been collected for the study. The data collection was conducted between August 26, 2017 to September 20, 2017 in all the seven government owned teaching hospitals which are found in Addis Ababa and Hawassa cities. On average, each hospital delivered services for more than 3 million populations, and had more than 17 service standards, 330 medical equipment and 500 beds during the research period. Data were collected by observation of available resources, interviewing selected professionals about their services and also through questionnaire which was filled by biomedical engineers and biomedical technicians who assessed the utilization phase of healthcare technology management in the seven hospitals. According to the data collected, more than half (17/31) of the respondents did not know the exact number of medical equipment in their facility and there were only 29% (2/7) of hospitals which had recommended test equipment and workshop space in their facilities and almost all hospitals did not have international standards and guidelines and also service manuals. The percentage of respondents who didn't agree on the availability of reference materials, electrical safety and performance test equipment, sufficient user and maintainer training, sufficient maintenance staff, preventive maintenance schedule for all medical equipment were 74%, 77%, 65%, 54% and 36% respectively. In order to better manage medical devices, we have designed and developed an automated medical equipment management system that can be deployed in a hospital. The system is developed using HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. We strongly believe that such automated system helps to improve communication between system users, decrease resilience on human role, reduce data redundancy, allow multiple users to access the data, enhance the security of the equipment, improve planning and budgeting for medical equipment.

Purpose: This paper aims to research how technology transfer occurs, based on the Schumpeterian approach to innovation trilogy focusing on the interaction between the university and the company. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology used for this study was the analysis of two cases with an exploratory and qualitative approach. The case study subjects were two Brazilian universities: University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection technique, whereas content analysis was used as the analysis technique. Findings: The main results showed the need of companies and universities to understand that working in collaborative technology research contributes to the transformation of applied research into technological innovations that can transform society. Research limitations/implications: The research's limitations were the unfeasibility of studying the government helix, the lack of clear and established processes within universities so that a comparison between the cases would be possible and the lack of access to technology contracts, as they are considered confidential. In addition, the use of two cases is considered a limitation, as it is not possible to generalize the conclusions pointed out by the study. Originality/value: With this research, the authors were able to conclude that the university-industry interaction process has been improving, but it still needs to advance in organizational aspects. Some of the aspects to be considered are the adjustments for the institutions' internal policies, the existing negotiations, the researchers' behavior regarding the dissemination of the innovation culture and the performance of the technological innovation centers, which gradually are being trained to work in the market as well as in the university. It is necessary that primarily companies and universities understand that they must join efforts in collaborative technological research, so that the financial resources invested are not only accepted as published articles in qualified journals but also turn into technological innovations accepted by the market. All this investment must return as new products, services and technologies that generate local, regional, national and even international impact, implementing new types of businesses and new markets and yielding an economic impact in the country, thus generating innovation and social well-being.

Foodborne diseases (FD) are considered a relevant issue in public health because of their negative impact on the economic and social sphere. Among the agents of biological origin producing FD is B. cereus capable of producing intoxications and toxoplasmosis by consumption of contaminated food. The purpose of this document was to present a general overview of foodborne diseases specifically those produced by Bacillus cereus, involving general microbiological characteristics, methods of detection analysis, as well as measures to control and prevention of food contamination. Food that does not cause damage to health requires the joint action of various sectors such as international organizations, government authorities, academia and the food industry that have been developing, recommended and implemented strategies and actions throughout the food chain as good hygienic practices, analytical methods of detection, and educational programs for the general population on the preparation and preservation of food in the household; in order to reduce the risk to health derived from food to a society that is constantly growing and eager for healthy and nutritious food. ; Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) son consideradas un tema de relevancia en salud pública debido a su incidencia y las repercusiones negativas en el ámbito económico y social. Dentro de los agentes de origen biológico productores de ETA se encuentra B. cereus capaz de producir intoxicaciones y toxiinfecciones por consumo de alimentos contaminados. El presente documento, tuvo como finalidad mostrar una perspectiva general de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos específicamente las producidas por Bacillus cereus, involucrando características microbiológicas generales, métodos analíticos de detección, así como medidas de control y prevención de la contaminación de alimentos. Alimentos que no generen un daño a la salud hace necesaria la acción conjunta de diversos sectores sociales como organizaciones internacionales, autoridades gubernamentales, academia e industria alimentaria que a nivel global han ido desarrollando, recomendado e implementado estrategias y acciones a lo largo de la cadena alimentaria como las buenas prácticas de higiene, métodos analíticos de detección y programas educativos a la población general sobre la preparación y conservación de alimentos en el hogar; afín de reducir el riesgo a la salud derivado de la alimentación, a una sociedad que se encuentra en constante crecimiento y ávida de alimentos sanos y nutritivos.

Resumen:El artículo analiza al neoliberalismo como una mutación en el orden social capitalista, entendido como una "tendencia" que se renueva constantemente a si misma nutriéndose, a través de diversos cálculos acerca de sus propios fallos, de los movimientos de sus opositores y de los obstáculos que se le oponen. Para ello hace eje en dos aspectos: por un lado en la centralidad dada a las tácticas de gobierno de la subjetividad individual y colectiva, en las que los fenómenos afectivos cognitivos y morales se constituyen a la vez en objeto de cálculo e intervención y cuyo fin es la reconstrucción constante de un sentido común que acepte lo "dado" como la única realidad posible. Esos procesos son a la vez la condición de posibilidad y el efecto de otro aspecto: la tendencia a modificar los sentidos del Estado en tanto espacio facilitador de los negocios internacionales centrados en el lucro. El artículo se basa fundamentalmente en documentos que hacen a la matriz discursiva de la Escuela Austríaca, al tiempo que los articula con sus superficies de emergencia histórica.Palabras clave: cuestión social; cuestión colonial; procesos sociales de subjetivación; escuela austríaca; Estado.Abstract:The article analyzes neoliberalism as a mutation in the capitalist social order, understood as a "trend" that constantly renews itself, through various calculations about its own failures, by feeding on the movements of its opponents and the obstacles that oppose it. For this, it focuses on two aspects: on one hand, on the centrality given to the government tactics of individual and collective subjectivity, in which the cognitive and moral affective phenomena constitute both an object of calculation and intervention and whose purpose it is the constant reconstruction of a common sense that accepts the "given" as the only possible reality. These processes are both the condition of possibility and the effect of another aspect: the tendency to modify the senses of the State as a facilitating space for international business focused on profit. The article is based fundamentally on documents that make the discursive matrix of the Austrian School, while we articulate them with their historical emergency surfaces. Key words: social question; colonial question; social processes of subjectivation; Austrian School; State.

The purpose of the article is to study the practical and relevant aspects of counteraction to corruption in the private sphere of the economy of foreign countries in our time. The article examines and analyzes the international practice of combating corruption in the private economy, which is a topical and complex criminological problem that impedes the stability and growth of the economy, reduces its competitiveness, complicates investment, leads to unjustified increase of costs for companies and ultimately causes serious legal and reputational risks and forms the basis for the criminalization of private business.The arguments presented in favor of the need to improve this area of combating crime in the entrepreneurial sphere, described the reasons that form the basis for the inclusion of corruption in the sphere of private business, has become a separate feature of the criminal interaction between business and government officials.It is noted that the problem of corruption can not always be solved, based on classical instruments of criminal law influence. It is possible to solve these problems by introducing corporate responsibility tools into the national anti-corruption practice.On the basis of the research, it was concluded that it is necessary to use non-legal instruments (anti-corruption training programs for personnel, establishment of business associations) capable of forming an appropriate level of legal consciousness in the business environment, which is, in our time, the main condition for counteracting corruption in the private economy. ; В статье изучается международная практика противодействия коррупции в сфере частной экономики. На основе проведенного исследования сделан вывод о необходимости внедрения в национальную практику противодействия коррупции инструментов корпоративной ответственности. Также указано на необходимость использования неюридических инструментов (антикоррупционных программ обучения персонала, создание предпринимательских объединений), которые способны сформировать надлежащий уровень правового сознания в предпринимательской среде, что является в настоящее время главным условием противодействия коррупции в сфере частной экономики. ; Вивчено міжнародну практику протидії корупції у сфері приватної економіки. Зроблено висновок про необхідність впровадження у національну практику протидії корупції інструментів корпоративної відповідальності. Вказано на необхідність використання неюридичних інструментів (антикорупційна програма навчання персоналу, створення підприємницьких об'єднань), які здатні сформувати належний рівень правової свідомості у підприємницькому середовищі, що є нині головною умовою протидії корупції у сфері приватної економіки.

According to WHO recommendations, the rational use of drugs includes a block of problem issues, and it is an important area that requires detailed analysis and government regulation through the development of the National Drug policy. The aim of the paper is a comprehensive analysis of the terminology, approaches to the definition of "rational use of drugs" and the main components providing rational use of drugs. The research materials include the scientific papers of domestic and foreign scientists, publications and official documents of international organizations (WHO, FIP) and Ukrainian normative and legal base on providing the population with drugs. The study used the methods of system, historical and logical analysis. The article analyzes the history of the issue, terminology and approaches to the definition of "rational use of drugs" as well as an interpretation of the term in accordance with domestic law. Pharmacotherapeutic, pharmacoeconomic, information, marketing, organizational and administrative, social, educational and competence components of rational use of drugs are allocated. Their content and general measures is disclosed and their relationship is shown. Further research should be focused on the definition of certain areas and the development of measures to promote rational use of drugs Ukraine. ; Согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ, рациональное применение лекарственных средств включает в себя целый блок проблемных вопросов и является важным направлением, требующим детальной проработки и государственного регулирования в рамках разработки Национальной политики по обеспечению лекарственными средствами. Целью работы является комплексный анализ терминологии, подходов к определению понятия «рациональное применение лекарственных средств» и основных составляющих, которые его обеспечивают. Материалами исследования являются научные труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых, публикации и официальные документы международных организаций (ВОЗ, FIP), нормативно-правовая база Украины по обеспечению населения лекарственными средствами. В исследовании использованы методы системного, исторического и логического анализа. В статье проведен анализ истории развития вопроса, терминологии и подходов к определению понятия «рациональное применение лекарственных средств», трактовка этого понятия в отечественном законодательстве. Выделены составляющие рационального применения лекарственных средств, а именно фармакотерапевтическая, фармакоэкономическая, информационная, маркетинговая, организационно-управленческая, социальная, образовательная, и компетентностная; показана взаимосвязь, раскрыто их содержание и общие мероприятия. Дальнейшие исследования следует направить на определение отдельных направлений работы и разработку мер, способствующих рациональному использованию лекарственных средств в Украине.

Purpose and Originality: The purpose of this research was to identify main contextual (macro and meso) factors influencing cross-sector partnerships creating the collaborative value and to give some empirical evidences from Lithuania as young developed country. The originality of this research is achieved by revealing cross-sector partnership contextual elements and their impact on cross-sector partnership management and collaborative value creation. Method: The purpose of the research was achieved using the interpretivist approach to analyse and explain contextual elements of cross-sector partnership. The data was collected by applying the exploratory qualitative research. The main method was the semi-structural interviews with representatives from business organizations and NGOs, and brokers/intermediaries of NGO and business partnerships). The method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of research data. Results: Results of this research argues that collaborative value creation in cross-sector partnership is affected by partnership context, which is described by macro and meso stimulating and restraining factors. Analysing the case of Lithuania, it was found, that stimulating macro level factors are connected to the growth of society awareness, a favourable attitude towards international investors, while meso level factors were formed by the transformation of business organization behaviour, the increasing competition and the increasing role of social responsibility in the business. Restraining macro level factors were linked to NGO regulation problems, limited financial resources, the lack of civil society maturity and government institution support, while meso level factors were described as the lack of institutional memory and no appropriate strategic approach towards partnerships. Society: The research results suppose presumptions of the change in the knowledge of the management of cross-sector partnership, by giving new and fresh understanding about the influence of macro and meso level factors on the collaborative value creation in cross-sector partnership. Limitations / further research: The content of collaborative value creation allows to state that the multidimensional nature of collaborative value creation concept creates many challenges to the researchers in their attempts to develop a holistic portrait of the complex phenomenon and to identify the major value attributes and dimensions. Therefore, future researches could focus on the determination of the impact of the contextual factors on cross-sector partnership development. A comparative analysis of the countries with the same economic and social development level is recommended.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the relationship between causal factors that affect the future equilibrium of the total final energy consumption in the construction sector of Thailand under the sustainable development policy for the period of 10 years (2019&ndash ; 2028). This analysis was achieved with the application of the Structure Equilibrium-Vector Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables model (SE-VARX model). This model was developed to fill research gaps and differs from those of previous studies. In the selection of variables, the study focused on Sustainable Development (SD)-based variables available through the lens of Thailand. The exogenous variables included real GDP, population growth, urbanization rate, industrial structure, oil price, foreign direct investment, international tourist arrivals, and total exports and imports. Every variable had a co-integration at level (1) and was used to structure the SE-VARX model. This particular model can effectively analyze the influence of the direct relationship and meet the criteria of goodness of fit without spuriousness. This SE-VARX model allowed us to discover that every variable in the model had an influence on the equilibrium change, where the real GDP is the fastest variable to adjust to the equilibrium while the total final energy consumption has the slowest adjustment ability. The SE-VARX model can be used to project the total final energy consumption, as verified by the performance test result. The test was measured based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and their results were 1.09% and 1.01%, respectively. This performance result had the highest value compared to other models in the past. Thus, the SE-VARX model is suitable for forecasting over the next 10 years (2019&ndash ; 2038). The results of this study reveal that the total final energy consumption in the construction sector of Thailand will exhibit a continuously increasing growth rate from 2019 to 2028, amounting to about 144.29% or equivalent to 364.01 ktoe. In addition, the study also found that future government plans may be difficult to achieve as planned. Therefore, the introduced model should be integrated into national development planning and strategies to achieve sustainable development in the future and to enable its application to other sectors.

Este artículo ofrece una descripción y una evaluación crítica de la forma y las circunstancias de la cooperación entre Colombia y México en la lucha contra el narcotráfico, así como un análisis de los instrumentos internacionales y diplomáticos que se han utilizado en la implementación de esta relación bilateral. También se centra en el papel crucial que los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) han desempeñado como factor y facilitador de esta relación. Incluye un análisis de los elementos básicos de las medidas actuales de lucha contra el narcotráfico y el fortalecimiento de la seguridad pública para Colombia y México. Una serie de entrevistas con expertos en la materia muestra que hay poco optimismo sobre el futuro de la colaboración entre estos países con respecto a la implementación del modelo colombiano de seguridad pública en México. Se concluye que, en el caso de México, la lucha anterior y efectiva contra la actual corrupción estatal es un elemento esencial. Sin este elemento, los resultados de la Iniciativa Mérida serán mínimos y la sospecha de su éxito tendrá un efecto negativo en la asignación de recursos por parte del gobierno de EE.UU.ABSTRACT This article offers a description and critical evaluation of the form and the circumstances of cooperation between Colombia and Mexico in the fight against drug trafficking as well as an analysis of the international and diplomatic instruments that have been used in the implementation of this bilateral relationship. It focuses also on the crucial role that the US has played as a factor and facilitator of this relationship. It includes an analysis of the basic elements of current measures of combating drug trafficking and the strengthening of public security for Colombia and Mexico. A series of interviews with experts on the subject shows that there is little optimism about the future collaboration between these countries with respect to the implementation of the Colombian model of public security in Mexico. It is concluded that, in the case of Mexico, the previous and somewhat effective fight against current state corruption is an essential element of the strategy. Without this element the results of the Mérida Initiative will be minimal, and the doubt of its success will have a negative effect on the allocation of resources by the US government.

Since 14th and 15th century, the kingdoms located among the islands of archipelago, including Cirebon, have involved in trading activities among the islands of archipelago or even international. Started from the fall of Majapahit and Demak kingdoms, the northern coastal areas of Java mostly are dominated by the rulers and Moslem traders. In 17th century, by the equal disintegration of traditional politics and taking over of the power of Cirebon Palace by VOC and the system and direction of policy which are made by the Dutch government, the sector-based trade in the coastal area of Cirebon becomes increasingly advanced and widespread. Started from the coastal area, in its development, the developing center trade becomes in hand with the developing of agricultural sectors in the lowlands and plantation in the highlands. By the historical method and structural approach from Fernand Braudel, this research is trying to explain Cirebon's Geography as a synthesis that plays a role in Cirebon economic activity. No less important, archaeological evidences will be included as an attempt to identify the historical fact. Because in reality, the three regions (coastal area, agriculture and plantation) are a unity of the mutually bounded and have a reciprocal relationship in its contribution to the economic progress of the Dutch. Semenjak abad ke-14 dan ke-15, kerajaan-kerajaan yang terletak di kawasan pesisir Nusantara, termasuk Cirebon, telah terlibat dalam perdagangan antarpulau Nusantara maupun perdagangan antarnegara. Dimulai semenjak runtuhnya Majapahit dan kejayaan Demak, kawasan pantai utara Jawa hampir seluruhnya dikuasai oleh para penguasa dan pedagang muslim. Memasuki abad ke-17, bersamaan dengan disintegrasi politik tradisional dan pengambil-alihan kekuasaan keraton Cirebon oleh VOC serta pola dan arah kebijakan yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Hindia Belanda, sektor perdagangan yang berpusat di kawasan pesisir Cirebon menjadi semakin mengikat dan meluas. Dimulai dari kawasan pesisir, dalam perkembangannya pengembangan pusat perdagangan menjadi beriringan dengan perkembangan pertanian di dataran rendah dan perkebunan di dataran tinggi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dan pendekatan struktur sebagaimana yang dilakukan Fernand Braudel, penelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan geografis Cirebon sebagai sebuah sintesa yang berperan besar dalam kegiatan ekonomi Cirebon. Karena dalam kenyataannya tiga kawasan di atas merupakan suatu kesatuan yang saling terikat dan memiliki hubungan timbal balik dalam sumbanganya terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Hindia Belanda.Â

The idea of using tourism as a tool for development has been established as a major priority by multilateral institutions, donors, governments, non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), national and international tourism bodies. Nevertheless, only few studies have analysed the factors that have had major impacts in such initiatives in developing countries. In order to overcome this gap, the main aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive reflection about the critical factors that determine the success of the tourism development strategies adopted by developing countries. To accomplish this aim a literature review was conducted. The theoretical discussion suggests that there is a set of factors that should be evaluated when tourism is used as a tool for development. Despite the context in which this process takes place, the main focus of a tourism development strategy should necessarily approach a capacity-building reinforcement of the communities it strives to help. It will be postulated that these factors are essential to guarantee that the targeted communities are in full control and are the main beneficiaries of the whole development process. ; A ideia de usar o turismo como estrategia de desenvolvimento tem constituido uma prioridade por parte de diversas organizacoes multilaterais, doadores, governos, Organizacoes nao Governamentais (ONG) e diversas organizações de turismo nacionais e internacionais. No entanto, poucos estudos se tem debrucado na analise dos fatores que maior impacte exercem sobre as iniciativas adotadas nos paises em desenvolvimento. No sentido de colmatar esta lacuna, o principal objetivo deste artigo e propor uma reflexao abrangente sobre um conjunto de fatores criticos que podem determinar o sucesso das estrategias de desenvolvimento adotadas nos paises em desenvolvimento. Para atingir este objetivo, a metodologia adotada neste estudo assentou numa extensa revisao da literatura. A discussao teorica efetuada sugere que existe de facto um conjunto de fatores que deveriam ser considerados e relevados em qualquer iniciativa que tenha como objetivo utilizar o turismo como instrumento de desenvolvimento. Independentemente do contexto e da natureza destas estrategias de desenvolvimento turistico, estas devem trabalhar mais ou menos aqueles fatores de forma a garantirem como prioridade de intervencao o reforco da capacidade das comunidades que se pretende beneficiar através do desenvolvimento turistico para conduzirem elas proprias esse processo de desenvolvimento, garantindo a obtencao e distribuicao justa dos beneficios liquidos gerados para as comunidades de destino.

Indicators of the central government budgets were analysed in the article with use of calculation of shares of various categories and subcategories of revenues for the purpose of identification of structural features and the directions of structural transformation of budgetary revenue at central level of public administration in the federal countries from 2000 till 2015. The similarity and distinction of structures were revealed during the cluster hierarchical analysis and calculation of the Ryabtsev index. It is proved that there is no unambiguous interrelation between federal type of governance and sources of revenue of central budget. It was also revealed that budgetary revenues in the developed federal states were stabler whereas the most essential structural changes were noted in the countries with emerging economy, and the common phenomenon was distribution of receipts from taxes on income and profit and also taxes on internal operations with goods and services between budgets of various levels and also fixing taxes on the international operations to the central budget. It is found that significantly the tendency to changing in level of fiscal decentralization in federal states is not observed, except for the Russian Federation, in which financial autonomy of regions and local authorities testifies more likely about financial (so – and administrative) centralization. ; Показатели бюджетов центрального правительства были проанализированы в статье с использованием расчета долей различных категорий и подкатегорий доходов с целью выявления структурных особенностей и направлений структурной трансформации бюджетных доходов на центральном уровне государственного управления в федеральном стран с 2000 по 2015 год. Сходство и различие структур было выявлено в ходе кластерного иерархического анализа и расчета индекса Рябцева. Доказано, что нет однозначной взаимосвязи между федеральным типом управления и источниками доходов центрального бюджета. Было также показано, что бюджетные доходы в развитых федеральных государствах были более стабильными, тогда как наиболее существенные структурные изменения были отмечены в странах с развивающейся экономикой, а общим явлением было распределение поступлений от налогов на доходы и прибыль, а также налоги на внутренние операции с товаров и услуг между бюджетами различных уровней, а также фиксировать налоги на международные операции в центральный бюджет. Установлено, что значительная тенденция к изменению уровня фискальной децентрализации в федеральных государствах не наблюдается, за исключением Российской Федерации, в которой финансовая автономия регионов и местных органов власти свидетельствует о более высокой вероятности финансовой (так называемой и административной) централизации.

The article offers an empirical analysis of the ways in which South Korean press portrays Ukraine. To do this, this paper focuses on three major daily newspapers of the Republicof Korea, Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo and DongA Ilbo. The article offers a 12-month long diagnosis of the news (July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018), which discloses the agenda of objects and attributes regardingUkraine. Therefore this study helps to explore the processes and factors that generate media image and communicate it to South Korean society.As far as methodology is concerned, a combination of two aspects was employed in this study. The first was a quantitative analysis of news reports. The second was a qualitative interpretation applied to find out the evaluative undertones of the stories based on content analysis. To this end, all the 309 news reports analyzed in this paper are classified as positive, negative and neutral and grouped - according to their topic - into 8 major categories: Economy, Politics, International Relations, Society, Culture, Public Security, Sports and Miscellanea. This study focuses on all the news reports onUkraine, including those, which briefly mention the country, its territories or people.Moreover, the main findings of the paper were contrasted with the aspirations of communicative strategies of current Ukrainian government in order to understand whether the present image of the country in theRepublicofKoreais adequate or desirable. Therefore, the analysis clearly indicates the dark and bright sides of country's projection in three analyzed newspapers. All the aforementioned efforts aim at better positioning ofUkraineboth in South Korean society and internationally. ; Целью статьи является анализ образа Украины в медиа-пространстве Южной Кореи. Исследование было проведено на материале новостей трёх влиятельных ежедневников, опубликованных в период с июля2017 г. по июнь2018 г. Проанализированы тематика, содержательное наполнение, квантитативные характеристики и сентимент новостей. Контент рассмотрен критически в разрезе основных задач государства по продвижению и позиционировании своего имиджа в мире. ; Розвідка має на меті дослідити образ України, зафіксований у медіапросторі Південної Кореї. Дослідження було проведено на матеріалі новин трьох впливових щоденних видань країни "Чосон Ільбо", "Джунґан Ільбо" та "Донґа Ільбо", опублікованих з липня 2017 р. до червня 2018 р. Проаналізовано тематику, змістовне наповнення, квантитативні характеристики та сентимент новин про Україну. Контент розглянуто критично в розрізі основних завдань держави з промоції та позиціювання свого іміджу у світі.

The purpose of the article is to study the practical and relevant aspects of counteraction to corruption in the private sphere of the economy of foreign countries in our time. The article examines and analyzes the international practice of combating corruption in the private economy, which is a topical and complex criminological problem that impedes the stability and growth of the economy, reduces its competitiveness, complicates investment, leads to unjustified increase of costs for companies and ultimately causes serious legal and reputational risks and forms the basis for the criminalization of private business.The arguments presented in favor of the need to improve this area of combating crime in the entrepreneurial sphere, described the reasons that form the basis for the inclusion of corruption in the sphere of private business, has become a separate feature of the criminal interaction between business and government officials.It is noted that the problem of corruption can not always be solved, based on classical instruments of criminal law influence. It is possible to solve these problems by introducing corporate responsibility tools into the national anti-corruption practice.On the basis of the research, it was concluded that it is necessary to use non-legal instruments (anti-corruption training programs for personnel, establishment of business associations) capable of forming an appropriate level of legal consciousness in the business environment, which is, in our time, the main condition for counteracting corruption in the private economy. ; В статье изучается международная практика противодействия коррупции в сфере частной экономики. На основе проведенного исследования сделан вывод о необходимости внедрения в национальную практику противодействия коррупции инструментов корпоративной ответственности. Также указано на необходимость использования неюридических инструментов (антикоррупционных программ обучения персонала, создание предпринимательских объединений), которые способны сформировать надлежащий уровень правового сознания в предпринимательской среде, что является в настоящее время главным условием противодействия коррупции в сфере частной экономики. ; Вивчено міжнародну практику протидії корупції у сфері приватної економіки. Зроблено висновок про необхідність впровадження у національну практику протидії корупції інструментів корпоративної відповідальності. Вказано на необхідність використання неюридичних інструментів (антикорупційна програма навчання персоналу, створення підприємницьких об'єднань), які здатні сформувати належний рівень правової свідомості у підприємницькому середовищі, що є нині головною умовою протидії корупції у сфері приватної економіки.

A previous version of this document was originally published as Pinto, E., & Cañadas, M. C. (2017). Generalization in fifth graders within a functional approach. In B. Kaur, W. Kin Ho, T. Lam Toh, & B. Heng Choy (Eds.), Proceedings of the 41st Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, vol. 4 (pp. 49-56). Singapore: PME. ; This article discusses evidence of 24 fifth graders' (10-11 year olds') ability to generalize when solving a problem which involves a linear function. Analyzed in the context of the functional approach of early algebra, the findings show that three students generalized both when solving specific instances and when asked to provide the general formula; while 16 students generalized only when asked to define the general formula. The results are described in terms of the functional relationship identified, the types of representation used to express them, and the type of questions in which students generalized their answers. Most of the pupils who generalized did so based on the correspondence between pairs of values in the function at issue. ; En este artículo presentamos evidencias de generalización de 24 estudiantes de quinto de primaria (10-11 años) al resolver un problema que involucra una función lineal. Desde el enfoque funcional del early algebra, los hallazgos muestran que tres estudiantes generalizaron al trabajar con casos particulares y cuando se les pidió expresar la regla general; mientras que 16 estudiantes solo lo hicieron cuando les pedimos expresar la regla general. Describimos los resultados en términos de la relación funcional identificada, los tipos de representaciones que emplearon para expresar dichas relaciones y el tipo de pregunta en la cual los estudiantes generalizaron. La mayoría de los estudiantes que generalizaron establecieron una relación de correspondencia entre los pares de valores de la función. ; Universidad de Granada. Grupo de Investigación Didáctica de la Matemática: Pensamiento Numérico (FQM-193) ; This study forms part of National R&D Projects EDU2013 - 41632 - P and EDU2016 - 75771 - P funded by th e Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; the first author was supported by a PhD scholarship granted by Chilean Government through the CONICYT, folio 72160307 - 2015.