Suchergebnisse

The functioning of the biosphere and the Earth as a whole is being radically disrupted due to human activities, evident in climate change, toxic pollution and mass species extinction. Financialization and exponential growth in production, consumption and population now threaten our planet's life-support systems. These profound changes have led Earth System scientists to argue we have now entered a new geological epoch – the Anthropocene. In this introductory article to the Special Issue, we first set out the origins of the Anthropocene and some of the key debates around this concept within the physical and social sciences. We then explore five key organizing narratives that inform current economic, technological, political and cultural understandings of the Anthropocene and link these to the contributions in this Special Issue. We argue that the Anthropocene is the crucial issue for organizational scholars to engage with in order to not only understand on-going anthropogenic problems but also help create alternative forms of organizing based on realistic Earth–human relations.

The functioning of the biosphere and the Earth as a whole is being radically disrupted due to human activities, evident in climate change, toxic pollution and mass species extinction. Financialization and exponential growth in production, consumption and population now threaten our planet's life-support systems. These profound changes have led Earth System scientists to argue we have now entered a new geological epoch – the Anthropocene. In this introductory article to the Special Issue, we first set out the origins of the Anthropocene and some of the key debates around this concept within the physical and social sciences. We then explore five key organizing narratives that inform current economic, technological, political and cultural understandings of the Anthropocene and link these to the contributions in this Special Issue. We argue that the Anthropocene is the crucial issue for organizational scholars to engage with in order to not only understand on-going anthropogenic problems but also help create alternative forms of organizing based on realistic Earth–human relations.

The functioning of the biosphere and the Earth as a whole is being radically disrupted due to human activities, evident in climate change, toxic pollution and mass species extinction. Financialization and exponential growth in production, consumption and population now threaten our planet's life-support systems. These profound changes have led Earth System scientists to argue we have now entered a new geological epoch – the Anthropocene. In this introductory article to the Special Issue, we first set out the origins of the Anthropocene and some of the key debates around this concept within the physical and social sciences. We then explore five key organizing narratives that inform current economic, technological, political and cultural understandings of the Anthropocene and link these to the contributions in this Special Issue. We argue that the Anthropocene is the crucial issue for organizational scholars to engage with in order to not only understand on-going anthropogenic problems but also help create alternative forms of organizing based on realistic Earth–human relations.

Low future orientation, low empathy, educational difficulty, school expulsion, delinquent peers, gang membership, and low social support were found to be significant risk factors for violence and delinquency among a sample ( N = 174) of high risk youth and youth gang members in San Salvador, El Salvador.

Intro -- Drug Abuse and Antisocial Behavior -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- 1 The Scope of the Problem -- Introduction -- Drug Abuse, Dependence, Use Disorders, and Addiction -- What is the Difference? -- How Prevalent is Drug Use? -- Drug Use and Antisocial Behavior -- An Introductory Illustration -- The Prevalence of Drug-Related Arrests -- Drugs and Recidivism -- Adding to the Complexity of the Drug-Crime Problem: Mental Health -- Drugs and Victimization -- Popular Views of the Drugs-Crime Nexus -- Is the Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime Causal, or Simply Correlational? -- Evidence in Support of a Spurious Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime -- Specificity of the Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Prevailing Conceptions of Drug Abuse and Addiction -- Introduction -- Prevailing Conceptualizations -- The Moral Model of Addiction -- The Brain Disease Model of Addiction -- Addiction is a Brain Disease -- Addiction is a Chronic, Relapsing Brain Disorder -- Addiction is a Brain Disease with Context -- Ecological Systems and Biological Integration -- A Public Health Framework -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Genetic Underpinnings -- Introduction -- The Evolutionary Context -- Genetics, Addiction, and Antisocial Behavior -- The Genetic Framework for Studying Addiction -- Heritability Estimates -- Molecular Genetics -- Gene-Environment Interplay -- Susceptibility Genes -- Key Neurotransmitters -- Gene-Environment Interactions -- Proximal Environmental Pathogens and Their Distal Context -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Neurobiological Contributions -- Introduction -- How Do We "Map" Addiction and Offending in the Brain? -- The Key to Addiction: The Reward Pathway -- The Role of Stressful Life Events.

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing humanity and has become an area of growing focus in Business & Society. Looking back and reviewing climate change discussion within this journal highlights the importance of time and space in addressing the climate crisis. Looking forward, we extend existing research by theorizing and politicizing the co-implication of time and space through the concept of "space-time." To illustrate this, we employ the logical structure of "the trace" to advance business and society scholarship on climate change by shifting the focus to a place-bound emphasis on climate impacts and directing scholarship toward climate change's temporal markers and material effects. By operationalizing "the trace," we contribute to Business & Society debates in three ways: (a) reimagining complex stakeholder relations, (b) advancing a performative understanding of climate risk, and (c) foregrounding planetary systems and the physical environment.

Action on climate change continues to be hampered by vested interests seeding doubt about science and the need to reduce carbon emissions. Using a qualitative case study of local climate adaptation to sea level rise, we show how climate change science is translated into a self-referential theory focused on property prices. Our analysis develops two mechanisms – enablement and theorization – to explain the relationship between theory performativity and power within a process of translation. This contributes to (1) the performativity debate by showing how the constitution of power relations shapes theory performativity; (2) theories of power, by tracing the ways in which certain actors are able to enrol others and impact the authority of particular theories, and (3) processes of translation by developing mechanisms for following the ways in which power and theory performativity interact. We conclude by arguing that a performative understanding of how power shapes beliefs is central to combating the failure to address climate change.