Suchergebnisse

The currently being prepared for publication "Foreword" to F. Tönnies' work "Community and Society" was written by Harvard University professor P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), who was a Russian/American sociologist. It was first published alongside the English translation of Tönnies' book, issued in New York back in 1940. According to P.A. Sorokin, Tönnies' community and society dichotomy represents a universal categorical description of two opposing forms of social organization. They appear in the social evolution of various civilizations and in the writings of their founders. P.A. Sorokin considered Tönnies to be one of the contemporary successors to the tradition of describing society in such a way. Tönnies' book was ahead of its time. It is mentioned in "Foreword" that the first German edition, published in 1887, did not attract readers' attention. However, when the 20th century came around — this book became a point of reference for German social scientists, as well as for educated individuals among the general public. "Foreword" mentions the reason for its rapid increase in popularity, which turned out to be a rapid and widespread transition from "community" to a "society" based on contractual relations. P.A. Sorokin points out that Tönnies created his essay during a time when the "Gesellschaft type of society" was "triumphantly rooting out the Gemeinschaft". However, even back then Tönnies highlighted the shortcomings of capitalism as a form of social life. The American edition of Tönnies' book, published in 1940, was its first complete translation to a foreign language (the 1927 Japanese edition had been shortened). P.A. Sorokin's "Foreword" to this edition marked the beginning of this writing's worldwide fame. This is the first time "Foreword" has ever been published in Russian. It was not included in the 2002 Russian edition of Tönnies' book. This publication, however, makes up for such an omission in theoretical sociology. The publication together with commentary has been prepared by N.A. Golovin.

chapter Lessons from Sorokin Arthur K. Davis Some Problems for a Unified Theory of Human Nature -- chapter Marion f. Levy, Jr -- chapter Talcott Parsons -- chapter Institutionalization Thomas F. O'Dea -- chapter Robert K. Merton and Elinor Barber -- chapter Is American Business Becoming Professionalized? Analysis of a Social Ideology Bernard Barber -- chapter Conditions for the Realization of Values Remote in Time Walter Firey -- chapter Convergence of the Major Human Family Systems During the Space Age Carle C. Zimmerman -- chapter Bibliography of Pitirim A. Sorokin -- chapter Supplementary Select Bibliography ofWorks -- chapter Contributors.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction to the Transaction Edition -- Preface -- PART ONE: THE INFLUENCE OF CALAMITIES UPON OUR MIND -- I. How Calamities Influence Our Affective and Emotional Life -- 1. Introductory remarks. -- 2. The change of emotions and feelings induced by physiological and psychosocial starvation. -- 3. Change of emotions and affections induced by pestilence. -- 4. The disturbance of emotional life by war and revolution. -- II. How Calamities Affect Our Cognitive Processes, Desires, and Volitions -- 1. First basic change. -- 2. Second basic change. -- 3. The modification of the desires, wishes, and volitions. -- PART TWO: THE INFLUENCE OF CALAMITIES UPON OUR BEHAVIOR AND VITAL PROCESSES -- III. How Famine Influences Our Behavior -- 1. General uniformity. -- 2. The change in the amount of time devoted to food-seeking activities. -- 3. General remarks concerning interrelations of factors of behavior. -- 4. The dominant role of the hunger-factor. -- 5. The social diversification and polarization of the effects of starvation. -- IV. How Pestilence, War, and Revolution Influence Our Behavior -- 1. General uniformity. -- 2. The effects of pestilence. -- 3. The effects of war. -- 4. The effects of revolution. -- V. How Calamities Influence the Vital Processes-Death, Birth, and Marriage Rates and Social Selection -- 1. Loss of life. -- 2. How calamities influence death, birth, and marriage rates. -- 3. Who survive-the fit or the unfit? -- PART THREE: THE INFLUENCE OF CALAMITIES UPON SOCIAL MOBILITY AND ORGANIZATION -- VI. Migration, Mobility, and Disruption of Social Institutions -- 1. Effects upon migration and mobility. -- 2. Exodus and migration in famines. -- 3. Exodus and migration during pestilence. -- 4. Exodus and migration in war and revolution