Suchergebnisse

Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap material with unique properties attractive for high power, high temperature applications. The presence of defects in the crystal is a major issue prior device fabrication. These defects affect the performance of the device. To delineate and identify the defects an easy and quick method is desirable. In this study defects delineation in n-type 4H-SiC has been carried out by KOH, KOH+NaOH and KOH+Na2O2 melts. Variation in etch pits size was found at various concentrations of the NaOH in KOH and for different total etching times in the KOH+Na2O2 melt. The eutectic solution etching technique is found to be more efficient to delineate defects and provides control on etching and surface roughness. The etching rates have been estimated under different experimental conditions. Detailed morphological investigations have been performed by wide field high resolution optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Agriculture is backbone of Indian economy, contributing about 40 per cent towards the Gross National Product and provide livelihood to about 70 per cent of the population. According to the national income published in Economic survey 2014-15, by the CSO, the share of agriculture in total GDP is 18 percent in 2013-14. The Rabi crops data released by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics recently indicates that the total area coverage has declined; area under wheat has gone down by 2.9 per cent. Therefore needs to be do research to study weathersituation and effect on crop production. Pre harvest forecasting is true essence, is a branch of anticipatory sciences used for identifying and foretelling alternative feasible future. Crop yield forecast provided useful information to farmers, marketers, government agencies and other agencies. In this paper Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Technique and discriminant function analysis were derived for estimating wheat productivity for the district of Varanasi in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The value of Adj. R2 varied from 0.63 to 0.94 in different models. It is observed that high value of Adj. R2 in the Model-2 which indicated that it is appropriate forecast model than other models, also the value of RMSE varied from minimum 1.17 to maximum 2.47. The study revealed that MLR techniques with incorporating technical and statistical indicators (Model 2) was found to be better for forecasting of wheat crop yield on the basis of both Adjusted R2 and RMSE values.

We develop a two-warehouse production model with imperfect items. Production rate is taken as the linear combination of on-hand inventory and demand, while demand rate is taken as function of time. Most of the researchers consider that the production rate is independent from the demand rate. In this paper we assume production rate as being dependent on the demand rate, and this assumption is more realistic. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged with time-dependent backlogging rate. Due to different preservation facilities we consider that the deterioration rate is time dependent in own warehouse (OW) and Weibull distribution deterioration in rented warehouse (RW). Holding cost in RW is greater than in OW. We developed a fuzzy model with fuzzifying all the costs of the model as triangular fuzzy numbers. The present model is developed in both crisp and fuzzy senses. Finally, numerical example is shown, and sensitivity is also illustrated.

BackgroundKaposi sarcoma is the most common cancer associated with AIDS worldwide. HIV is endemic in India but there are no studies on this co‐infection from India. Our present study examined the seroprevalence of HHV8 infections in adult Indian males infected with HIV.MethodsThe study was carried out at AIIMS, a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. We enrolled 93 HIV‐positive males naïve of ART. We employed whole virus enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA; Advanced Biotechnologies Inc, Columbia, MD, USA]. A univariate analysis including age, marital status, mode of HIV transmission and CD4 count were used to determine variables associated with HHV8 seropositivity. Significant variables were adjusted in a logistic regression model expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe seroprevalence of KSHV infection was 33.3% in HIV‐1 infected males. HHV8 seropositivity in HIV‐infected males. Age was independently associated with the age group>25 years [OR=9.5; 95% CI=1.98–45.75.ConclusionTaken together, our findings showed high rates of KSHV antibody prevalence in the male cohort of suggesting that KSHV infection may be markedly associated with HIV‐1 infection in India especially in the heterosexual group. However, a further KSHV seroepidemiological survey; including a representative number of Indian cohorts of HIV‐1‐infected outpatients, is needed to further confirm our present findings.