Suchergebnisse

Der Wandel der Familie als Herausforderung. Zur Einleitung -- Geschichte der Familie – mit einem Fokus auf ihre Erziehungsfunktion -- Die reflexive Familie: Das Konzept Un/Doing Family vor dem Hintergrund eines empirischen Blicks auf Familienleben heute -- Co-Parenting als neues Modell der Familiengründung -- Individuelle Rechtsgleichheit als Grundlage pluraler Familienformen -- Die Co-Parenting- Situation aus der Perspektive katholisch-theologischer Familienethik -- Zwischen Privatsache und öffentlicher Angelegenheit. Anmerkungen zur gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung und Bedeutung von Elternschaft -- Der Wert der Familie -- Gemietet, gekauft, ausgebeutet? Normative Familienbilder in der Diskussion um Leihmutterschaft -- Reproduktionsmedizin und Familiengründung in ethischer Perspektive.

Was macht eigentlich ein Kind zu einem Kind? Was ist eine gute Kindheit? Sollen Kinder an demokratischen Wahlen teilnehmen dürfen? Mit diesen und ähnlichen Fragen beschäftigt sich die Philosophie der Kindheit. Es geht ihr um den moralischen, politischen und rechtlichen Status von Kindern, um den intrinsischen und instrumentellen Wert der Kindheit, um Unterschiede zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen sowie um Kindheit als soziale Konstruktion und anthropologische Universalie. Der Band bietet einen umfassenden Einstieg in die philosophischen Debatten zu diesem Thema. Mit Texten unter anderem von Harry Brighouse, Rutger Claassen, Anca Gheaus, James Griffin, Gareth Matthews, Amy Mullin und Adam Swift

Children are affected by poverty more often than adults, and growing up in poverty has severe and long-lasting negative consequences for a childs well-being. How-ever, children are also in a very weak position, both to escape poverty on their own and to publicly and politically enforce their claims to a better life. Accordingly, children living in poverty are victims of two intersecting forms of powerlessness: they are children and they are poor. In this article, we analyze this particular type of powerlessness from a childrens rights perspective and argue that, in order to effectively restore justice to children in pov-erty, the State has to implement a comprehensive childrens rights regime. We argue that the State is obliged to consider childrens best interests in all its policies even those that are not directly related to children in order to compensate for the lack of political agency during childhood. This demand reflects the particular social and political status of children, namely: that they are dependent on others for their well-being, that childhood is a phase of particular vulnerability and that (young) children lack certain competencies that are needed to enforce their claims. ; P-26480 ; (VLID)1750203

Our concern is with the ethical issues related to girlhood and bodily integrity the right to be free from physical harm and harassment and to experience freedom and security in relation to the body. We defend agency, positive self-relations, and health as basic elements of bodily integrity and we advocate that this normative concept be used as a conceptual tool for the protection of the rights of girls. We assume the capability Approach developed by Martha Nussbaum as an ethical framework that enables us to evaluate girls well-being and well-becoming in relation to the potential, and often subtle, threats they face. The capability Approach can be understood as a theory of justice, and, therefore, as an ethical and political approach. An enriched concept of bodily integrity can help in the design of better policies to address gender biases against girls because it could contribute to seeing them as active agents and valid participants. ; P26480 ; (VLID)1662866

This book explores the philosophical, and in particular ethical, issues concerning the conceptualization, design and implementation of poverty alleviation measures from the local to the global level. It connects these topics with the ongoing debates on social and global justice, and asks what an ethical or normative philosophical perspective can add to the economic, political, and other social science approaches that dominate the main debates on poverty alleviation. Divided into four sections, the volume examines four areas of concern: the relation between human rights and poverty alleviation, the connection between development and poverty alleviation, poverty within affluent countries, and obligations of individuals in regard to global poverty. An impressive collection of essays by an international group of scholars on one of the most fundamental issues of our age. The authors consider crucial aspects of poverty alleviation: the role of human rights; the connection between development aid and the alleviation of poverty; how to think about poverty within affluent countries (particularly in Europe); and individual versus collective obligations to act to reduce poverty. Judith Lichtenberg Department of Philosophy Georgetown University This collection of essays is most welcome addition to the burgeoning treatments of poverty and inequality. What is most novel about this volume is its sustained and informed attention to the explicitly ethical aspects of poverty and poverty alleviation. What are the ethical merits and demerits of income poverty, multidimensional-capability poverty, and poverty as nonrecognition? How important is poverty alleviation in comparison to environmental protection and cultural preservation? Who or what should be agents responsible for reducing poverty? The editors concede that their volume is not the last word on these matters. But, these essays, eschewing value neutrality and a retreat into technical mastery, challenge us to find fresh and reasonable answers to these urgent questions. David A. Crocker School of Public Policy University of Maryland

1 Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation: Agents, Institutions and Policies; Helmut P. Gaisbauer/Gottfried Schweiger/Clemens Sedmak -- I Human Rights and Poverty Alleviation -- 2 Are we violating the human rights of the world's poor?; Thomas Pogge -- 3 A Decent Social Minimum as a Matter of Justice; Elena Pribytkova -- 4 Children's rights, bodily integrity and poverty alleviation; Gunter Graf and Mar Cabezas -- II Poverty Alleviation and Development -- 5 A Human Right to Financial Inclusion; Jahel Queralt Lange -- 6 Is globalizing 'development' ethical? A view from the Pacific; Joy Paton/Elisabeth Valiente-Riedl -- 7 Animals in International Development, Ethics, Dilemmas and Possibilities; Max Kelly -- 8 The Sustainable Development Goals: pitfalls and challenges where we now need to start making progress; Gottfried Schweiger -- III Poverty and Poverty Alleviation in the Welfare State -- 9 Relative Poverty as a Threat to Human Dignity: On the Structure Injustice of Welfare States; Christian Neuhäuser -- 10 Suffering Within, Suffering Without: Paradoxes of Poverties in Welfare States -- Helmut P. Gaisbauer/Elisabeth Kapferer -- 11 Exclusion from healthcare in Spain: The responsibility for omission of due care; Rosana Triviño,David Rodríguez-Arias and Txetxu Ausín -- IV Obligations to Poverty Alleviation -- 12 Poverty, Injustice and Obligations to take Political Action; Elizabeth Kahn -- 13 Beyond the Redistributive Paradigm: What Philosophers Can Learn From Poor-Led Politics; Monique Deveaux -- 14 Migration in a World of Citizens, Nonsensical Morality and Academia's Role in Addressing Hidden Poverty; Tendayi Bloom -- 15 Poverty Alleviation: an Opportunity for Universities; Clemens Sedmak.

This volume presents philosophical contributions examining questions of the grounding and justification of taxation and different types of taxes such as inheritance, wealth, consumption or income tax in relation to justice and the concept of a just society. The chapters cover the different levels at which the discussion on taxation and justice takes place: On the principal level, chapters investigate the justification and grounding of taxation as such and the role taxation plays and should play in the design of justice, be it for a just society or a just world order. On a more concrete level, chapters present discussions of these general reflections in more depth and examine different types of taxation, tax systems and their design and implementation. On an applied level, chapters discuss certain specific taxes, such as wealth and inheritance taxes, and examine whether or not a certain tax should be favored and for what reasons as well as why it is just to target certain kinds of assets or income. Finally, this volume contains chapters that discuss the central issue of international and global taxation and their relation to global justice

"Dieser Beitrag unternimmt eine steuerethische Begründung der Besteuerung von Vermögen im österreichischen Kontext. Er schlägt als Zielvorstellung von Steuerpolitik ein Gemeinwesen vor, das als Ganzes gesichert und geordnet ist, das auf einem Gleichgewicht von Rechten und Pflichten beruht, das die Spielräume der Einzelnen im Beitrag zum Gemeinwohl differenziert betrachtet, und das die Verwirklichung von Fähigkeiten von Einzelnen ermöglicht und begünstigt. Aus einem so verstandenen Konzept von Solidargemeinschaft leitet der Beitrag eine Vermögensteuer als aus prinzipiellen Gründen ethisch wünschenswert ab. Auf dieser Grundlage schlagen wir die progressive Besteuerung von Vermögen oberhalb von 300 Prozent des Medianvermögens vor. Der empirische Befund zur Entwicklung der Verteilung von Vermögen in Österreich, zu den entsprechenden steuerpolitischen Weichenstellungen und dem daraus folgenden sinkenden Beitrag vermögensbezogener Steuern zum Gesamtsteueraufkommen unterstreicht die Relevanz dieser steuerethischen Argumentation für die österreichische Situation." (Autorenreferat)

This volume contributes to the ongoing interdisciplinary controversies about the moral, legal and political status of children and childhood. It comprises essays by scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds on diverse theoretical problems and public policy controversies that bear upon different facets of the life of children in contemporary liberal democracies. The book is divided into three major parts that are each organized around a common general theme. The firstpart ('Children and Childhood: Autonomy, Well-Being and Paternalism') focusses on key concepts of an ethics of childhood. Part two('Justice for Children') contains chapters that are concerned with the topics of justice for children and justice during childhood. The thirdpart ('The Politics of Childhood') deals with issues that concern the importance of `childhood´ as a historically contingent political category and its relevance for the justification and practical design of political processes and institutions that affect children and families.