Suchergebnisse

This paper offers a reappraisal of the impact of migration on economic growth for 22 OECD countries between 1986--2006 and relies on a unique data set we compiled that allows us to distinguish net migration of the native- and foreign-born populations by skill level. Specifically, after introducing migration in an augmented Solow-Swan model, we estimate a dynamic panel model using a system of generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to address the risk of endogeneity bias in the migration variables. Two important findings emerge from our analysis. First, there exists a positive impact of migrants' human capital on GDP per capita, and second, a permanent increase in migration flows has a positive effect on productivity growth. However, the growth impact of immigration is small even in countries that have highly selective migration policies. ; Ce papier reconsidère l'impact des migrations internationales sur la croissance économique pour 22 pays de OCDE entre 1986-2006 et repose sur une base de données originale que nous avons compilée, qui permet de distinguer entre le solde migratoire des autochtones et des étrangers, par niveau de qualification. Plus précisément, après avoir introduit les flux migratoires dans un modèle de Solow-Swan augmenté, nous estimons un modèle dynamique sur données de panel par la méthode des moments généralisés (SYS-GMM) afin de tenir compte de l'endogénéité potentielle de la variable migration. Deux conclusions importantes ressortent de notre analyse. Premièrement, il existe un impact positif du capital humain des migrants sur le PIB par tête, et deuxièmement, une hausse permanente des flux migratoires exerce un effet positif sur la croissance de la productivité. Cependant, l'impact de l'immigration sur la croissance demeure faible, et cela, même dans les pays ayant des politiques migratoires sélectives.

This paper offers a reappraisal of the impact of migration on economic growth for 22 OECD countries between 1986--2006 and relies on a unique data set we compiled that allows us to distinguish net migration of the native- and foreign-born populations by skill level. Specifically, after introducing migration in an augmented Solow-Swan model, we estimate a dynamic panel model using a system of generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to address the risk of endogeneity bias in the migration variables. Two important findings emerge from our analysis. First, there exists a positive impact of migrants' human capital on GDP per capita, and second, a permanent increase in migration flows has a positive effect on productivity growth. However, the growth impact of immigration is small even in countries that have highly selective migration policies. ; Ce papier reconsidère l'impact des migrations internationales sur la croissance économique pour 22 pays de OCDE entre 1986-2006 et repose sur une base de données originale que nous avons compilée, qui permet de distinguer entre le solde migratoire des autochtones et des étrangers, par niveau de qualification. Plus précisément, après avoir introduit les flux migratoires dans un modèle de Solow-Swan augmenté, nous estimons un modèle dynamique sur données de panel par la méthode des moments généralisés (SYS-GMM) afin de tenir compte de l'endogénéité potentielle de la variable migration. Deux conclusions importantes ressortent de notre analyse. Premièrement, il existe un impact positif du capital humain des migrants sur le PIB par tête, et deuxièmement, une hausse permanente des flux migratoires exerce un effet positif sur la croissance de la productivité. Cependant, l'impact de l'immigration sur la croissance demeure faible, et cela, même dans les pays ayant des politiques migratoires sélectives.

This paper offers a reappraisal of the impact of migration on economic growth for 22 OECD countries between 1986--2006 and relies on a unique data set we compiled that allows us to distinguish net migration of the native- and foreign-born populations by skill level. Specifically, after introducing migration in an augmented Solow-Swan model, we estimate a dynamic panel model using a system of generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to address the risk of endogeneity bias in the migration variables. Two important findings emerge from our analysis. First, there exists a positive impact of migrants' human capital on GDP per capita, and second, a permanent increase in migration flows has a positive effect on productivity growth. However, the growth impact of immigration is small even in countries that have highly selective migration policies. ; Ce papier reconsidère l'impact des migrations internationales sur la croissance économique pour 22 pays de OCDE entre 1986-2006 et repose sur une base de données originale que nous avons compilée, qui permet de distinguer entre le solde migratoire des autochtones et des étrangers, par niveau de qualification. Plus précisément, après avoir introduit les flux migratoires dans un modèle de Solow-Swan augmenté, nous estimons un modèle dynamique sur données de panel par la méthode des moments généralisés (SYS-GMM) afin de tenir compte de l'endogénéité potentielle de la variable migration. Deux conclusions importantes ressortent de notre analyse. Premièrement, il existe un impact positif du capital humain des migrants sur le PIB par tête, et deuxièmement, une hausse permanente des flux migratoires exerce un effet positif sur la croissance de la productivité. Cependant, l'impact de l'immigration sur la croissance demeure faible, et cela, même dans les pays ayant des politiques migratoires sélectives.

This paper offers a reappraisal of the impact of migration on economic growth for 22 OECD countries between 1986--2006 and relies on a unique data set we compiled that allows us to distinguish net migration of the native- and foreign-born populations by skill level. Specifically, after introducing migration in an augmented Solow-Swan model, we estimate a dynamic panel model using a system of generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to address the risk of endogeneity bias in the migration variables. Two important findings emerge from our analysis. First, there exists a positive impact of migrants' human capital on GDP per capita, and second, a permanent increase in migration flows has a positive effect on productivity growth. However, the growth impact of immigration is small even in countries that have highly selective migration policies. ; Ce papier reconsidère l'impact des migrations internationales sur la croissance économique pour 22 pays de OCDE entre 1986-2006 et repose sur une base de données originale que nous avons compilée, qui permet de distinguer entre le solde migratoire des autochtones et des étrangers, par niveau de qualification. Plus précisément, après avoir introduit les flux migratoires dans un modèle de Solow-Swan augmenté, nous estimons un modèle dynamique sur données de panel par la méthode des moments généralisés (SYS-GMM) afin de tenir compte de l'endogénéité potentielle de la variable migration. Deux conclusions importantes ressortent de notre analyse. Premièrement, il existe un impact positif du capital humain des migrants sur le PIB par tête, et deuxièmement, une hausse permanente des flux migratoires exerce un effet positif sur la croissance de la productivité. Cependant, l'impact de l'immigration sur la croissance demeure faible, et cela, même dans les pays ayant des politiques migratoires sélectives.

In recent years, sustainability has represented one of the most important policy goals explored in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) literature. But related hypotheses, performance measures and results continue to present a challenge. The present paper contributes to this ongoing literature by studying two different EKC specifications for 10 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries over the period 1990-2010 using panel data methods. For the first specification, namely EKC, we show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between environmental degradation and income; while for the second specification, namely modified EKC (MEKC), we show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between sustainability and human development (HD). The relationships are shaped by other factors such as energy, trade, manufacture added value and the role of law. More interestingly, findings from the estimation show that EKC hypothesis, HD and sustainability are crucial to build effective environmental policies.

We examine causal links between energy consumption and health indicators (Mortality rate under-5, life expectancy, greenhouse effect, and government expenditure per capita) for a sample of 16 African countries over the period 1971-2010 (according to availability of countries' data). We use the panel-data approach of Kónya (2006), which is based on SUR systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. Our results show that health and energy consumption are strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality between energy consumption and health indicators in Nigeria. In particular, our findings suggest that electricity consumption Granger causes health outcomes for several African countries.

This paper examines the relationship between financial development, CO2 emissions, trade and economic growth using simultaneous-equation panel data models for a panel of 12 MENA countries over the period 1990-2011. Our results indicate that there is evidence of bidirectional causality between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Economic growth and trade openness are interrelated i.e. bidirectional causality. Feedback hypothesis is validated between trade openness and financial development. Neutrality hypothesis is identified between CO2 emissions and financial development. Unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth and from trade openness to CO2 emissions is identified. Our empirical results also verified the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. These empirical insights are of particular interest to policymakers as they help build sound economic policies to sustain economic development and to improve the environmental quality.