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Explores issue of how we should think about postmodern bioethics and suggests that many of the questions that bioethicists pose as problematic in postmodernity are, in fact, reactions to Wittgensteinian thought-- yet bioethicists as a rule are unfamiliar

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.M.01050 ; Background: The extent to which musculoskeletal injuries and sociodemographic factors impact long-term out- come remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to provide a prognostic analysis of the influence of muscu- loskeletal conditions, behavioral health diagnoses, and patient-based characteristics on outcomes among a longitudinal cohort. Methods: This is a longitudinal observational study of the population of an Army brigade deployed to Iraq from 2006 to 2007. The 4087 soldiers who survived the deployment were followed for forty-eight months and were observed for the development of chronic musculoskeletal conditions, behavioral health disorders, and inability to remain in active service as indicated by the findings of the Physical Evaluation Board. The influence of demographic factors, behavioral health conditions, and deployment-related musculoskeletal injuries on the capacity to remain in the military was assessed using Poisson multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: The mean age of the cohort was twenty-seven years (range, eighteen to fifty-two years). One hundred and sixty- three soldiers sustained combat-related musculoskeletal trauma, and 587 soldiers had musculoskeletal injuries not related to battle. Three hundred and seventy-four soldiers (9%) were found to be unfit by the Physical Evaluation Board, with 236 soldiers (63%) referred for at least one musculoskeletal condition. Of these 236 soldiers, 116 (49%) also had a behavioral health diagnosis. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that junior enlisted rank (incidence rate ratio, 9.7 [95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 30.3]), senior enlisted rank (incidence rate ratio, 5.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 17.7]), behavioral health diagnosis (incidence rate ratio, 7.4 [95% confidence interval, 5.6 to 9.6]), age of eighteen to twenty-three years (incidence rate ratio, 1.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.3]), and male sex (incidence rate ratio, 2.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.0]) were significant predictors of referral to the Physical Evaluation Board for a musculoskeletal condition. A prognostic model developed using receiver operating characteristic curves and the risk factors of musculoskeletal injury, presence of a psychiatric condition, and lower rank explained 78% (95% confidence interval, 77% to 80%) of the risk of being found unfit by the Physical Evaluation Board. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal conditions, psychological diagnoses, and lower rank (socioeconomic status) were identified as potent predictors of inferior outcome in this study. Targeting at-risk patients within populations may improve results. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: Treating Bioethics -- 2 Religion, Superstition, and Medicine -- 3 Patient Multiplicity, Medical Rituals, and Good Dying: Some Wittgensteinian Observations -- 4 ''Unlike Calculating Rules''? Clinical Judgment, Formalized Decision Making, andWittgenstein -- 5 Wittgenstein's Startling Claim: Consciousness and the Persistent Vegetative State -- 6 Attitudes, Souls, and Persons: Children with Severe Neurological Impairment -- 7 Why Wittgenstein's Philosophy Should Not Prevent Us from Taking Animals Seriously -- 8 Injustice and Animals -- 9 Bioethics,Wisdom, and Expertise -- 10 Wittgensteinian Lessons on Moral Particularism -- 11 Wittgenstein: Personality, Philosophy, Ethics -- Notes on Contributors -- Index

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Fifteen original essays open up a novel area of inquiry: the distinctively ethical dimensions of women's experiences of and in aging. Contributors distinguished in the fields of feminist ethics and the ethics of aging explore assumptions, experiences, practices, and public policies that affect women's well-being and dignity in later life. The book brings to the study of women's aging a reflective dimension missing from the empirical work that has predominated to date. Ethical studies of aging have so far failed to emphasize gender. And feminist ethics has neglected older women, even when empha

European Research Council and EU, Grant/Award Number: AdG‐250189, PoC‐727440 and ERC‐SyG‐2013‐610028; Natural Environmental Research Council, Grant/Award Number: NE/L002531/1; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DEB‐1237733, DEB‐1456729, 9714103, 0632263, 0856516, 1432277, DEB‐9705814, BSR‐8811902, DEB 9411973, DEB 0080538, DEB 0218039, DEB 0620910, DEB 0963447, DEB‐1546686, DEB‐129764, OCE 95‐21184, OCE‐ 0099226, OCE 03‐52343, OCE‐0623874, OCE‐1031061, OCE‐1336206 and DEB‐1354563; National Science Foundation (LTER) , Grant/Award Number: DEB‐1235828, DEB‐1440297, DBI‐0620409, DEB‐9910514, DEB‐1237517, OCE‐0417412, OCE‐1026851, OCE‐1236905, OCE‐1637396, DEB 1440409, DEB‐0832652, DEB‐0936498, DEB‐0620652, DEB‐1234162 and DEB‐0823293; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Grant/Award Number: POPH/FSE SFRH/BD/90469/2012, SFRH/BD/84030/2012, PTDC/BIA‐BIC/111184/2009; SFRH/BD/80488/2011 and PD/BD/52597/2014; Ciência sem Fronteiras/CAPES, Grant/Award Number: 1091/13‐1; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Grant/Award Number: IC120019; ARC Centre of Excellence, Grant/Award Number: CE0561432; NSERC Canada; CONICYT/FONDECYT, Grant/Award Number: 1160026, ICM PO5‐002, CONICYT/FONDECYT, 11110351, 1151094, 1070808 and 1130511; RSF, Grant/Award Number: 14‐50‐00029; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Grant/Award Number: GBMF4563; Catalan Government; Marie Curie Individual Fellowship, Grant/Award Number: QLK5‐CT2002‐51518 and MERG‐CT‐2004‐022065; CNPq, Grant/Award Number: 306170/2015‐9, 475434/2010‐2, 403809/2012‐6 and 561897/2010; FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), Grant/Award Number: 2015/10714‐6, 2015/06743‐0, 2008/10049‐9, 2013/50714‐0 and 1999/09635‐0 e 2013/50718‐5; EU CLIMOOR, Grant/Award Number: ENV4‐CT97‐0694; VULCAN, Grant/Award Number: EVK2‐CT‐2000‐00094; Spanish, Grant/Award Number: REN2000‐0278/CCI, REN2001‐003/GLO and CGL2016‐79835‐P; Catalan, Grant/Award Number: AGAUR SGR‐2014‐453 and SGR‐2017‐1005; DFG, Grant/Award Number: 120/10‐2; Polar Continental Shelf Program; CENPES – PETROBRAS; FAPERJ, Grant/Award Number: E‐26/110.114/2013; German Academic Exchange Service; sDiv; iDiv; New Zealand Department of Conservation; Wellcome Trust, Grant/Award Number: 105621/Z/14/Z; Smithsonian Atherton Seidell Fund; Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Research Council of Norway; Conselleria de Innovació, Hisenda i Economia; Yukon Government Herschel Island‐Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park; UK Natural Environment Research Council ShrubTundra Grant, Grant/Award Number: NE/M016323/1; IPY; Memorial University; ArcticNet. DOI:10.13039/50110000027. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research in the Tropics NWO, grant W84‐194. Ciências sem Fronteiras and Coordenação de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), Grant/Award Number: 1091/13‐1. National Science foundation (LTER), Award Number: OCE‐9982105, OCE‐0620276, OCE‐1232779. FCT ‐ SFRH / BPD / 82259 / 2011. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/State Wildlife federal grant number T‐15. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CE140100020). Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT110100609. M.B., A.J., K.P., J.S. received financial support from internal funds of University of Lódź. NSF DEB 1353139. Catalan Government fellowships (DURSI): 1998FI‐00596, 2001BEAI200208, MECD Post‐doctoral fellowship EX2002‐0022. National Science Foundation Award OPP‐1440435. FONDECYT 1141037 and FONDAP 15150003 (IDEAL). CNPq Grant 306595‐2014‐1 ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF