Suchergebnisse

Unlike in the past where industrial policy was either focused on creation and growth of state-owned firms or alternatively consisted merely of broadly functional policies without consideration for firm or entrepreneurial specifics, the requirement now is that future industrial policy ought to be a nuanced partnership between entrepreneurs and the state. In this paper we outline some considerations for such an industrial policy where the entrepreneur-state nexus is paramount. Moreover, we argue that such an industrial policy will need to take into consideration that the entrepreneur-state nexus is evolving, and that it depends on the stage of development of a particular country.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Urbanisations and Social Sustainability -- Chapter 1: A 2030 Vision: "Fake Challenge" or Time for Action -- 1.1 Context -- 1.2 Social Sustainability and Urbanisation -- 1.3 Millennium Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals -- 1.4 Planning, Policy and Practice, Urbanisation and Alienation -- 1.5 Spatial Planning, Smart Eco-Cities, Agritech, Safety Online and Sustainable Education -- 1.6 Final Note -- References -- Chapter 2: Urban Planning and City Futures: Planning for Cities in the Twenty-First Century -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Global Urbanisation and Development of Cities -- 2.3 Towards Spatial or Integrated Planning -- 2.4 Dimensions of Planning for the Twenty-First-Century City -- 2.4.1 Uneven Economic Development -- 2.4.2 Digital Infrastructure and Technology -- 2.4.3 Environment and Resources -- 2.4.4 Social Justice and Equality -- 2.4.5 Urban Governance and Planning -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Urbanisation and Entrepreneurship in Development: Like a Horse and Carriage? -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Model of Entrepreneurship, Rural Stagnation and Urbanisation -- 3.2.1 Rural and Urban Sectors -- 3.2.2 Entrepreneurs, Innovation and Household Enterprise Start-Ups -- 3.2.3 Diagrammatic Analysis -- 3.3 Early Development and Cities -- 3.4 Entrepreneurial Hotspots -- 3.5 Quality of Life: The Quest for Sustainability -- 3.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Social Sustainability, Housing and Alienation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sustainability Agenda: At Whose Service? -- 4.3 Sustainability, Social Policies and Housing -- 4.4 Housing: Use Value Versus Exchange Value -- 4.5 Alienation -- 4.6 Fragmentation -- 4.7 Self-Agency and Dis-alienation -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: The Misalignment of Policy and Practice in Sustainable Urban Design -- 5.1 Introduction.

Abstract
This paper poses and answers a number of critical questions about the relationship between migration and entrepreneurship in the process of economic development. In doing so, we show that the standard policy response to migrants and migrant entrepreneurs are often based on an inadequate understanding of migrant entrepreneurs. The questions we pose are the following: (i) Are immigrants really more entrepreneurial than natives? (ii) Are migrant remittances likely to fund entrepreneurship in their home countries? (iii) Are return migrants more likely to be entrepreneurial than non-migrants? And finally, based on the answers, (iv) Does migration matter for development? We conclude that one must avoid seeing migrants as super-entrepreneurs and that the (positive) developmental impact of migration is more significant through other channels. Removal of discriminatory barriers against migrants and against migrant entrepreneurs in labour, consumer and financial markets will promote development in both sending and receiving countries, not least through reducing the shares of migrants that are reluctant entrepreneurs.

JEL Classification: J60, L26, O15, F22

In this article, we provide an introduction to the Special Issue of the Journal of Conflict Resolution devoted to the impact of violent conflict on entrepreneurship in developing countries. First we note that there is insufficient attention in the literature on the impact of violent conflict on the firm or entrepreneur level. Then, after we define entrepreneurship and violent conflict, we provide a summary of the existing literature and give an overview of the contributions in this Special Issue. We conclude by noting policy implications and areas for further research.

AbstractLocal governments throughout the world are assuming a more important role in economic development of their communities as an increasing number of governments begin to decentralise powers and functions. As these lower levels of government seek sustainable local economic development (LED) strategies the human rights approach towards development becomes pertinent as globalisation accelerates. This article proposes an emphasis on socio‐economic rights as the basis for sustainable LED in developing countries. The article is based on the experience of South African local government in the period after 1994, leading up to the first democratic local government elections on 5 December 2000. Proceeding from the view that the promotion of human rights is necessary for the promotion of economic development, the article critically assesses the role of local government in the promotion of LED through a rights‐based approach. It is argued that the identification in the South African Constitution of local government with basic service provision (recently emphasised by a Constitutional court judgement) will place socio‐economic rights at the centre of LED strategies in South Africa. It is argued that this is indeed the most appropriate cornerstone of LED in South Africa. However, the transformation process that leads the country towards its progressive Constitution needs to be maintained and this article identifies five broad areas for transformation that may still be needed to entrench an adequate human rights culture within the sphere of local governance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.