Suchergebnisse

Internally displaced persons are those that have a well-founded fear of persecution due to their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, and have moved from one part of the country to a new host location, as 'they cannot return home or are afraid to do so' (UNHCR, 2017, p.1). With social enterprises being praised for their ability to develop bottom-up, demand-driven approaches in reaching their target groups in a financially sustainable manner (Di Domenico, et al., 2010), they can potentially be an alternative to the top-down relief approach for solving complex economic and social problems of internally displaced populations in war and conflict zones (Paresashvili & Erkomaishvili, 2016; Džunić et al., 2018; Milovanović and Maksimović, 2018).

Chinese cabbage is one of the major dryland crops, especially for Kimchi, in Korea. Recently Korean government promote mechanization of the dryland crop production operations to improve the current mechanization level of 56%. The demand of precision agriculture technology has been increased for improved performance and user comfort. Objective of this study was to conduct basic tests of potential alternative sensing approaches for Chinese cabbage yield monitoring for small-sized Korean harvesters. Two approaches were investigated: mass-based sensor using load cells and volume (or area)-based sensor using a CCD camera. The mass-based sensor was installed so that the cabbages discharged from the transportation part were contacted before they fell down to the collection part. Volume-based sensor was installed on the transportation part so that the top and side images of the Cabbages were captured. Area and volume of the cabbages were obtained from the images, and then calibrated to the mass. In overall, calibration tests provided coefficients of determination of 0.97 and 0.94 for the mass-based and volume-based approaches, respectively. Effects of the distance between the sensor and cabbage were not statistically significant. Data processing to minimize the vibration and slope effects should be improved. This study showed promising results for Chinese cabbage yield monitoring, but further study should be conducted to improve the performance for different varieties and under field conditions.

The island of Mayotte is a department of France, an outermost region of the European Union located in the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and the coast of Eastern Africa. Due to its close connection to the African mainland and neighbouring islands, the island is under constant threat of introduction of infectious diseases of both human and animal origin. Here, using social network analysis and mathematical modelling, we assessed potential implications of livestock movements between communes in Mayotte for risk-based surveillance. Our analyses showed that communes in the central region of Mayotte acted as a hub in the livestock movement network. The majority of livestock movements occurred between communes in the central region and from communes in the central region to those in the outer region. Also, communes in the central region were more likely to be infected earlier than those in the outer region when the spread of an exotic infectious disease was simulated on the livestock movement network. The findings of this study, therefore, suggest that communes in the central region would play a major role in the spread of infectious diseases via livestock movements, which needs to be considered in the design of risk-based surveillance systems in Mayotte.