Suchergebnisse

An analysis of the org of pol'al & military elites as a crucial mechanism in the understanding of war & war-making, distinguishing between 4 models of pol'al-military elites: aristocratic democratic, totalitarian & garrison state. The continuous development of the technology of warfare has led to a vast proliferation of military establishments. Concomitant with this development are the following changes: (1) a larger amount of the nat'l income is spent for preparing & executing war, (2) there is more nearly a total popular involvement in the consequences of war & war policy, (3) the rate of technological changes has become accelerated & a wider diversity of skill is required to maintain the military establishment, (4) the military has become more permanent & expansive, (5) internal conflicts between segments of the military elite have been multiplied, (6) diversification & specialization of military technology have made the temporary citizen army less important & a completely professional army more vital, & (7) the org line between the military & non-military has been weakened. These factors lead to changes in the military profession such that the military elites have been shifting their recruitment from a narrow, relatively high-status to a broader, low-status, & more representative base; military command involves an extensive shift from domination to manipulation as a basis of authority; & the profes. sional soldier is required more & more to acquire skills & orientations common to civilian administrators & even pol'al leaders. 'To achieve the objectives of the democratic elite model, it is necessary to maintain & build on the differentiation betweei civilian & military roles.' I. Taviss.