Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTIn Bangladesh, as in many developing countries, there is a widespread belief amongst the public, policy makers and social workers that children 'abandon' their families and migrate to the street because of economic poverty. Ignoring and avoiding mounting evidence to the contrary, this dominant narrative posits that children whose basic material needs cannot be met within the household move to the street. This article explores this narrative through the analysis of detailed empirical research with children in Bangladesh. It finds that social factors lie behind most street migration and, in particular, that moves to the street are closely associated with violence towards and abuse of children within the household and local community. These findings are consistent with the wider literature on street migration from other countries. In Bangladesh, those who seek to reduce the flow of children to the streets need to focus on social policy, especially on how to reduce the excessive control and emotional, physical and sexual violence that occur in some households. Economic growth and reductions in income poverty will be helpful, but they will not be sufficient to reduce street migration by children.

ABSTRACTNational parks remain at the centre of conservation efforts in Africa, although the long established strategy of conservation through law enforcement is now supplemented by participatory strategies such as community conservation. These new strategies have not changed the preservationist thrust of conservation policy and action. The relationships between parks and people are best understood as struggles in which 'park neighbours' use covert and overt 'weapons of the weak' to challenge the hegemony of conservation. This study of a national park in Uganda describes and analyses these forms of resistance.

AbstractThis paper comprises a brief review of current debates around the potential benefits and drawbacks of the proposed International Finance Facility (IFF). The IFF's main strength is clear: it recognizes the urgent need for significantly larger and more predictable aid flows, and suggests a financial mechanism able to deliver such flows within existing political constraints. However, several aspects of the proposal have the potential to exacerbate current aid ineffectiveness and inequality in both the short and longer term. These factors include the IFF's governance structure; the 'extra layer' of conditionality added by the IFF; the potential sharp decline in aid flows after the IFF's initial phase; and the detraction of attention from other important global agendas. More work on developing innovative mechanisms to deliver social protection and basic services to poorly‐governed or conflict‐ridden areas is required, as are more courageous actions on the part of the UK and other rich countries. Otherwise, the IFF could mean mortgaging the future well‐being of 900 million hard‐to‐reach poor people in order to achieve—or come closer to achieving—the MDGs today. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.