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The protracted history of Aboriginal governance policy is ripe with frustrations among First Nations peoples and Canadian governments, the most pronounced aggravation being the federal government. Substantial resistance from Aboriginals often marks each new policy the government introduces. New policies often maintain the paternalistic attitude inherent in government initiatives, which has been very difficult for Aboriginal organizations to eradicate. Although Aboriginal governance policy is currently progressing towards a quasi-cooperative form of policy-making on both sides, this particular policy area continues to encounter significant disparities between policy actors within the Canadian government and Aboriginal organizations. Differences throughout the entire policy process hinder effective policy-making from agenda-setting/problem definition to the outcome/evaluation. (author's abstract)

Trust is important to the institutions that make societies successful. Globally, Indigenous peoples are actively building institutions for self‐governance, but there remains little empirical work on trust in this context. To address this gap, we use a mixed methods approach to explore three levels of trust among individual members from three related, but politically distinct First Nations (Indigenous peoples) in British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia offers a unique and dynamic context to explore trust and its relationship with the diverse institutional choices among First Nations. Survey results show that trust is low among respondents and individual variables predictive of trust in mainstream contexts, like education and employment, are not determinative. However, interpersonal trust and political trust were highest in the First Nation most active in institution building, and who linked this with a cultural revitalization narrative. Interviews suggested a bidirectional relationship between individual and collective drivers of trust in this context.

Abstract
This paper argues that Shaftesbury differs from other moral sentimentalists (Hutcheson, Hume, Smith) because he conceives of the moral sentiments as partial and first-personal, rather than impartial and spectatorial. This difference is grounded in Shaftesbury's distinctive notion that moral self-governance consists in the self-examination of soliloquy. Breaking with his Stoic influences, Shaftesbury holds that the moral sentiments play the role of directing and guiding soliloquy. Because soliloquy is first-personal reflection that is directed to achieving happiness, claiming that the moral sentiments direct soliloquy leads Shaftesbury to conceive of the moral sentiments as arising from the internal perspective of an agent focused on her own happiness. This provides Shaftesbury with a stronger framework for understanding moral sentiments, for it avoids the difficulty of explaining why the sentiments of others or those arising from an imagined spectator's perspective are motivating or authoritative for us.

The protracted history of Aboriginal governance policy is ripe with frustrations among First Nations peoples and Canadian governments, the most pronounced aggravation being the federal government. Substantial resistance from Aboriginals often marks each new policy the government introduces. New policies often maintain the paternalistic attitude inherent in government initiatives, which has been very difficult for Aboriginal organizations to eradicate. Although Aboriginal governance policy is currently progressing towards a quasi-cooperative form of policy-making on both sides, this particular policy area continues to encounter significant disparities between policy actors within the Canadian government and Aboriginal organizations. Differences throughout the entire policy process hinder effective policy-making from agenda-setting/problem definition to the outcome/evaluation

A large amount of money has been allocated to the Village and Urban Community Fund Program (The Village Fund Program) in Thailand. Justification of the program has to be made and more analyses of this village institution should be done so that improvement can be made. Financial institutions are important tools in development but the more professional ones will last longer. Understanding the relationships among the variables that determine the success is necessary in the improvement of such funds, as it helps us understand the self-governance factors and system of each institution as well as the institutional design that can be developed suitably. Credit, as a resource, is limited. The major rules concern the payment of the money borrowed and the participants' strategies involve the decision to pay or not to pay. Understanding the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) contributes to the institutional design for the outcomes desired. If the outcomes are expected to be sustainable, the institutional design has to direct people to discipline, professionalism and self-governance development concerning the use of funds.

This article explores the advantages and risks of a new form of self-regulation in the Netherlands. The focal point is the environmental cooperative: a regional organization in which farmers collaborate to integrate environmental values into their production process. The body of this article begins with a discussion of the background of these innovative collectives. It then examines a few concrete examples in greater detail. The question guiding the discussion is if and how the environmental cooperative can contribute to such a broad national planning goal as a more sustainable development of the rural area.

Seit einigen Jahren stehen Universitäten erneut unter großem Veränderungsdruck – so auch in Deutschland. Das Management von Universitäten verschiebt sich in Richtung unternehmensähnlicher Steuerungsinstrumente (managerial governance). Dieser Veränderungsprozess ist auf der Ebene zwischen Staat und Universitäten sowie innerhalb der Universitäten schon hinlänglich untersucht worden. Der eigentliche "Produktionsprozess" der Wissenschaft findet aber auf der personalen Ebene der Wissenschaftler/innen statt. Deshalb ist zu fragen, ob die neuen Steuerungsformen und Anreize der managerial governance auch handlungswirksam auf der personalen Ebene sind. Für den Bereich der Forschung liegen erste Untersuchungen vor. Der Bereich der Lehre ist aber noch vollständig unerforscht. In diesem Artikel soll deshalb der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Auswirkungen neue Steuerungsinstrumente für die Aufgabenerfüllung im Bereich der Lehre ausüben. Gefragt wird nach den intendierten und nicht intendierten Effekten von managerial gover-nance und academic self-governance auf der individuellen Handlungsebene der Lehrenden. Sind Ziele in der Lehre auf der individuellen Ebene handlungswirksamer, wenn die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler intrinsisch motiviert in "Einsamkeit und Freiheit" ihre persönlichen Ziele verfolgen (bei academic self-governance) oder wenn sie qua Zielvereinbarung oder Geldzuweisung für Sachmittel oder im individuellen Gehalt für Zielerreichung belohnt bzw. Zielverfehlung bestraft werden (bei managerial governance)? Macht es also auf der "Produktionsebene" der Lehre einen Unterschied, ob Universitäten in ihrer internen Steuerung eine stärkere Ausprägung bei der managerial governance oder bei der academic self-governance haben? In diesem Artikel wird das theoretische Gerüst zur Beantwortung der Frage gelegt. Empirisch muss es noch durch eine repräsentative Befragung unter deutschen Hochschullehrern/innen abgesichert werden.

Womens political participation plays an important role in establishing the status of women in any particular country. Women are revered as an epitome of sacrifice and power in India. But when it comes to entrusting power into their hands. There is a hesitation from the male counterparts, as it poses a serious concern of overpowering their strengths and abilities. Women has excelled in all fields but her presence in politics makes the majority apprehensive. The reasons for this outlook can be contributed to thedominance of women in the area which is by and large become the Man?s territory. The focus of this paper is women in urban local level governance. The author in this paper wishes to concentrate on the urban local bodies and the impact of the 33% reservation on the participation of the women in the local level politics. She also wishes to delineate the barriers of political participation. However, women remain seriously underrepresented in decision-making positions. The central objective of this study is to examine challenges and opportunities of women political participation in urban local bodies.