Suchergebnisse

Social, political, and legal considerations have contributed to an unfavorable regulatory environment for lethal control of urban coyotes (canis latrans). I analyze and break down that environment from a Wildlife Control Operator (WCO) perspective. Currently 3 significant factors frame the issue but a 4th could be emerging. First, our hands are tied: I use the situation in Colorado to illustrate the point. Compounding factors include the need for a paradigm shift in how rules are derived, the lag-time factor in agency response to issues, and the tendency toward bureaucracy/over-regulation. Second, human dimensions rule: I critique the downside of human dimensions in wildlife damage management, including over-reliance on public opinion tools/processes, the sacred cow of humaneness, the influence of animal welfare/rights protagonists, and changing demographics. Third, most people prefer coexistence over lethal control: I briefly look at how this factor defines the current American mind-set but is nonetheless unrealistic. Fourth, the coyotes are coming: I highlight how the burgeoning urban coyote problem could be changing perceptions and attitudes about lethal control and the regulatory environment.

In an ideal world, banking operations should ensure that there is a match between business strategy and loan assessment behaviour (Berger and Udell, 2004). However, in reality, banks are confined within a highly institutionalised environment which shapes their lending behaviour. Banks operate between two spectra in terms of regulatory environment, with policies based either on financial repression or liberalisation. Repressive policies are more common in the banking sector than capital markets. According to McKinnon (1973), financial repression is defined by various policies whereby the state influences credit allocation in channelling financial resources to priority areas identified by the government and micromanaging banks' lending behaviour through interest-rate caps, collateral requirements and capital controls. Financial liberalisation, on the other hand, is regarded as an efficient means of fostering competition and inviting growth impulses from abroad (Bartolini and Drazen, 1997). After a series of decisions supporting financial liberalisation which took place from the 1970s to the 1990s, this type of policy has been intensively studied by scholars. However, there is still no consensus on whether it has positive or negative impacts.

Access to external finance is essential for firms to engage in innovation processes and to grow. The regulatory environment plays a vital role in facilitating this access. We explore the role of employment protection legislation in the probability that firms obtain bank credit. We propose that restrictions on structuring employees' work schedules and dismissing employees reduce access to credit by increasing the credit risk incurred by lenders. Our findings are based on 21,332 observations (European Central Bank SAFE dataset and World Bank Doing Business dataset) and reveal that a higher level of employment protection legislation is negatively related to the probability of firms obtaining bank credit. These results are robust to confounding, endogeneity, and selection bias, as well as to alternative specifications.

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch IssueWe investigate the joint effects of family control and the regulatory environment on entrepreneurial growth through the lens of socio‐emotional wealth (SEW) theory.Research FindingsTaking into consideration both economic and non‐economic goals of entrepreneurial firms, measured by sales growth and employment growth respectively, we find that, compared to their non‐family‐controlled counterparts, family‐controlled firms tend to have lower sales growth rates, but higher employment growth rates. Furthermore, less favorable regulatory environments reduce both sales and workforce growth rates to a greater extent for family‐controlled firms than for non‐family‐controlled firms.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe add to the corporate governance and family business management literature by documenting that the regulatory environment moderates the corporate governance effect of family control on the economic and non‐economic goals of family‐controlled firms. The findings also contribute to the family business management literature by enriching and providing strong evidence in favor of the SEW theory through our exploration of the moderating role that macro‐governance plays in the family control‐SEW relation. This research also makes contributions to the entrepreneurship literature, laying a foundation for future empirical studies on entrepreneurial growth by separating its economic from its non‐economic dimensions.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings provide practical implications for both policy makers and entrepreneurs. They not only help entrepreneurs better understand growth strategies in various macro‐governance settings, but also provide governments and policymakers with potential policy implications to encourage entrepreneurial and economic growth. Policies that improve the macro‐governance environment can help family firms to prosper by contributing to their economic and non‐economic growth, both of which are important for economic development.

This paper aims to explore the perceptions of tourism employees on the role of regulatory environment including the government in promoting employees' welfare. Despite a need for an examination of employees' voice in the formulation of employment policies and in their implementation by a government, no or very little literature specifically dealing with this topic has been found during the present study. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. Based on an in-depth semi-structured interview with hotel and airline employees in Kathmandu (Nepal), this paper hammers out three key aspects of the regulatory environment that may affect employees' welfare, viz., efficiency of labour law, government's attitude towards tourism labour, and judicial process and system. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the tourism industry as well as for the government in developing countries.

AbstractWhat happens to "universal service" commitments when there is a weak institutional framework and a marked imbalance of power between the regulatory authorities and the dominant telecom operators? Commitments are abandoned and service breaks down, according to the author. Using Telmex in Mexico as a case study, and using national, regional, and international comparative data, she builds econometric models that indicate shortcomings in the design and enforcement of telecommunications policies and regulations. These account for the gap in coverage for Mexico's lower-income population.

AbstractWhat happens to "universal service" commitments when there is a weak institutional framework and a marked imbalance of power between the regulatory authorities and the dominant telecom operators? Commitments are abandoned and service breaks down, according to the author. Using Telmex in Mexico as a case study, and using national, regional, and international comparative data, she builds econometric models that indicate shortcomings in the design and enforcement of telecommunications policies and regulations. These account for the gap in coverage for Mexico's lower-income population.

The building project development approval process is increasingly complex and fraught with conflict due to the rise of the sustainable urban development movement and inclusive decision making. Coupled with this, government decision-making decentralization has resulted in a fragmented and over-regulated compliance system. Problems arising from the process include wasted resources, excessive time delays, increased holding and litigation costs, inadequate planning coordination, high levels of advocacy costs and a divisive politicized approval process. In Australia, despite attempts by government and industry associations, numerous problems are still unresolved. Design managers increasingly assume a liaison role during the approval phase. There is a long tradition of planning theory literature which provides context for understanding the knowledge-power-participation relationship for this paper. This study investigated the policy, process and practice conflicts during the approval stage in achieving sustainable urban developments. Three regional local government areas within one state jurisdiction and observations from detailed structured focus group interviews involving 23 stakeholders, proposers and assessors were analysed to explore this conflictual environment. As a result of regulatory fragmentation and excessive consultation, various persuasion tactics have been developed by all stakeholders of which `reciprocity' and `authority' were identified as the most common. Two challenges for design managers were thus identified: first, the emergence of the role of a by default central informal arbitrator across conflicting planning instruments; and, second, as a navigator through a set of persuasion tactics. An inclusive knowledge-based design management framework for sustainable urban development is proposed considering Habermas' communicative planning theory, Foucaltian governance and discursive powers thesis and Cialdini's persuasion theory, as well as being grounded in the key empirical results from this study, using various types and sources of knowledge as an authoritative persuasion tactic. Published in the Journal AEDM Volume 5, Numbers 1-2, 2009 , pp. 5-23(19)

AbstractTrade is a fundamental human activity. However, the past decade has been characterised by increasing regulation and protectionism. This paper explores the role of development banks as trade finance policy tools in responding to regulation‐induced market failures. Towards this end, it discusses the impact of recent trends in banking regulation on small and medium enterprises (SMEs), financial institutions, and emerging economies.