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Access to the radio spectrum is vital for modern digital communication. It is an essential component for smartphone capabilities, the Cloud, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, and multiple other new technologies. Governments use spectrum auctions to decide which companies should use what parts of the radio spectrum. Successful auctions can fuel rapid innovation in products and services, unlock substantial economic benefits, build comparative advantage across all regions, and create billions of dollars of government revenues. Poor auction strategies can leave bandwidth unsold and delay innovation, sell national assets to firms too cheaply, or create uncompetitive markets with high mobile prices and patchy coverage that stifles economic growth. Corporate bidders regularly complain that auctions raise their costs, while government critics argue that insufficient revenues are raised. The cross-national record shows many examples of both highly successful auctions and miserable failures.
Drawing on experience from the UK and other countries, senior regulator Geoffrey Myers explains how to optimise the regulatory design of auctions, from initial planning to final implementation. Spectrum Auctions offers unrivalled expertise for regulators and economists engaged in practical auction design or company executives planning bidding strategies. For applied economists, teachers, and advanced students this book provides unrivalled insights in market design and public management. Providing clear analytical frameworks, case studies of auctions, and stage-by-stage advice, it is essential reading for anyone interested in designing public-interested and successful spectrum auctions.

У статті висвітлено питання класифікацій предметів колекціонування на провідних Інтернет-аукціонах України і Польщі. Проведено аналіз переваг та недоліків існуючих класифікацій, з пропозиціями щодо їх вдосконалення, з метою точної ідентифікації предметів колекціонування для потреб аналізу, обліку і контролю. ; В статье отражено распределение предметов коллекционирования на ведущих Интернет-аукционах Украины и Польши. Проведен анализ преимуществ и недостатков существующих классификаций, с предложениями по их совершенствованию с целью точной идентификации предметов коллекционирования для нужд анализа, учета и контроля. ; New perspectives to expand the range of activities and the customer base are opened to the businessmen with the spread of the Internet. Lack of time and resources were the main criteria to find new trading platforms by the customers. So online trading, including trading in Online Auctions, gaining more and more popularity in the modern world.The aim of the research is to highlight existing classifications of collectibles at Internet auctions of Ukraine and Poland, followed by analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the development of theoretical and methodological recommendations for their improvement.It is formed a common approach to determining the content and structure of the article on the basis of system analysis. Some results are given through methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping and abstraction.The differences and similarities between classifications of the same categories of collectibles at the Ukrainian and Polish auctions are highlighted during the research. Ways of improving the existing shortcomings are proposed taking into account the specific categories of collectibles, such as: coins, bonistics, second-hand booksellers, philately and militaria.

У статті висвітлено питання класифікацій предметів колекціонування на провідних Інтернет-аукціонах України і Польщі. Проведено аналіз переваг та недоліків існуючих класифікацій, з пропозиціями щодо їх вдосконалення, з метою точної ідентифікації предметів колекціонування для потреб аналізу, обліку і контролю. ; В статье отражено распределение предметов коллекционирования на ведущих Интернет-аукционах Украины и Польши. Проведен анализ преимуществ и недостатков существующих классификаций, с предложениями по их совершенствованию с целью точной идентификации предметов коллекционирования для нужд анализа, учета и контроля. ; New perspectives to expand the range of activities and the customer base are opened to the businessmen with the spread of the Internet. Lack of time and resources were the main criteria to find new trading platforms by the customers. So online trading, including trading in Online Auctions, gaining more and more popularity in the modern world.The aim of the research is to highlight existing classifications of collectibles at Internet auctions of Ukraine and Poland, followed by analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the development of theoretical and methodological recommendations for their improvement.It is formed a common approach to determining the content and structure of the article on the basis of system analysis. Some results are given through methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping and abstraction.The differences and similarities between classifications of the same categories of collectibles at the Ukrainian and Polish auctions are highlighted during the research. Ways of improving the existing shortcomings are proposed taking into account the specific categories of collectibles, such as: coins, bonistics, second-hand booksellers, philately and militaria.

"This one-of-a-kind collection consists of actual cases written by fraud examiners out in the field. These cases were hand selected from hundreds of submissions and together form a comprehensive picture of the many types of Internet fraud how they are investigated, across industries and throughout the world. Topics included are phishing, on-line auction fraud, security breaches, counterfeiting, and others. The cases each are entertaining stories in their own right, as well as educational, and readers will enjoy reading them as they grow to understand more about the developing world of Internet fraud"--

"This one-of-a-kind collection consists of actual cases written by fraud examiners out in the field. These cases were hand selected from hundreds of submissions and together form a comprehensive picture of the many types of Internet fraud how they are investigated, across industries and throughout the world. Topics included are phishing, on-line auction fraud, security breaches, counterfeiting, and others. The cases each are entertaining stories in their own right, as well as educational, and readers will enjoy reading them as they grow to understand more about the developing world of Internet fraud"--

eBay provides an online auction venue for remote and anonymous members of its online community to realize gains from trade. As a venue it never sees the items sold, verifies the item listings, handles settlements, or represents the buyer or seller. Despite the associated market imperfections and incentive problems, over five million auctions are active on an average day. Trading is based on trust among members of the eBay community, and trust is supported by a multilateral reputation mechanism based on member feedback. eBay supplements the reputation mechanism with rules and policies that mitigate incentive problems, reduce transactions costs, and support trust among members and between members and the company. Reputations and the rules and policies provide a private ordering of eBay's community. This paper examines this private ordering in the context of the company's strategy and in the shadow of the public order.

ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is on business‐to‐consumer (B2C) online auctions made possible by the advent of electronic commerce over an open‐source, ubiquitous Internet Protocol (IP) computer network. This work presents an analytical model that characterizes the revenue generation process for a popular B2C online auction, namely, Yankee auctions. Such auctions sell multiple identical units of a good to multiple buyers using an ascending and open auction mechanism. The methodologies used to validate the analytical model range from empirical analysis to simulation. A key contribution of this study is the design of a partitioning scheme of the discrete valuation space of the bidders such that equilibrium points with higher revenue structures become identifiable and feasible. Our analysis indicates that the auctioneers are, most of the time, far away from the optimal choice of key control factors such as the bid increment, resulting in substantial losses in a market with already tight margins. With this in mind, we put forward a portfolio of tools, varying in their level of abstraction and information intensity requirements, which help auctioneers maximize their revenues.

Penny auctions, an online phenomenon imported from Europe, operate by the hundreds in the United States without meaningful oversight from consumer protection agencies. In a penny auction, consumers compete for items one penny at a time. To date, no significant inquiry, either academic or practical, into the legitimacy of the penny auction has occurred. Although marketed as auctions, online penny auctions may actually qualify as lotteries. Unlike the multifarious and confusing definitions of gambling, the long-accepted definition of a lottery consists of three elements: prize, consideration, and chance. If a penny auction satisfies this definition then, under well-established case law in Washington, it is prohibited under the mandatory and self-executing lottery clause, as well as a probable violation of the Washington Consumer Protection Act. This Comment will explore whether an online penny auction constitutes a lottery under article II, §24 of the Washington constitution. Ultimately, this Comment concludes that penny auctions are lotteries and should be regulated as such to protect consumers while improving Washington's own bottom line.

This work describes the design of a decision support system for detection of fraudulent behavior of selling stolen goods in online auctions. In this system, each seller is associated with a type of certification, namely "proper seller," "suspect seller," and "selling stolen goods." The certification level is determined on the basis of a seller's behaviors and especially on the basis of contextual information whose origin is outside online auctions portals. In this paper, we focus on representing knowledge about sellers in online auctions, the influence of additional information available from other Internet source, and reasoning on bidders' trustworthiness under uncertainties using Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. To demonstrate the practicability of our approach, we performed a case study using real auction data from Czech auction portal Aukro. The analysis results show that our approach can be used to detect selling stolen goods. By applying Dempster-Shafer theory to combine multiple sources of evidence for the detection of this fraudulent behavior, the proposed approach can reduce the number of false positive results in comparison to approaches using a single source of evidence.

Cover -- Title Page -- Table of Contents -- The Questionnaire -- Participants List -- Summary of Main Findings -- A: Sample Characteristics -- B: Law Firm Use of Internet Auction & Outsourcing Sites for Labor -- C: What is Outsourced? -- D: Use of Services in Developing Countries -- E: Use of Outsourcing Agent -- F: Outsourcing Legal Work Itself -- G: Outsourcing of Legal Analysis to Other Countries -- H: Competition with Legal Process Outsourcers -- I: Advice

"Serial no. 110-51." ; Shipping list no.: 2008-0261-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; "One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 10, 2007"--T.p. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Faster, frictionless, cheaper, better: these are said to be the hallmarks of economic activity on the Internet. Search theory suggests use of the Net could reduce the prices consumers pay, but product branding, price discrimination based on data mining, and auctions may raise prices. The Net has lowered most prices, but raised others, even when shop bots are used. Price dispersion is greater on the Net, and Net sellers change their prices more often. The role of intermediaries has not been reduced. The quality of service is idiosyncratic and highly variable. The Net is a new and distinctive avenue of commerce, but those who argue it has invalidated conventional economic principles are well off base.

The internet makes it easier for buyers to purchase goods from distant sellers. However, the inability of the buyer to examine the merchandise results in asymmetry of information. This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the relationship between quality and price in a setting of asymmetrical information. In the spirit of Akerlof (1970), the model predicts that higher quality goods are less likely to be sold in the market. Since buyers have difficulty distinguishing quality, sellers would have to accept lower prices for their highest quality items. The model is tested using data from internet coin auctions. The results show that coins that are claimed to be of higher quality are less likely to sell and when they do sell do so at lower prices relative to their market value.

3G is the third generation mobile network which provides customer video call and better data speed than EDGE (second generation internet service). It was first launched in Japan in 2001. In Bangladesh, Teletalk- the government owned mobile operator- was the first operator to launch 3G as pilot run in October 2012. In September 2013, the auction of the 3G spectrum for commercial usage of four major private mobile operators – Grameenphone, Banglalink, Robi and Airtel held and the four operators paid $525million to the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) to secure licenses. Grameenphone and Teletalk bought 10 Mhz, while Banglalink, Robi and Airtel each bought 5Mhz. In late 2013, Grameenphone, Banglalink, Robi and Airtel launched 3G commercially. As of September 2014, most of the major districts and metro areas are under the coverage of 3G.