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European integration continues to deepen despite major crises and attempts to take back sovereignty. A growing number of member states are reacting to a more constraining EU by negotiating opt-outs. This book provides the first in-depth account of how opt-outs work in practice. It examines the most controversial cases of differentiated integration: the British and Danish opt-outs from Economic and Monetary Union and European policies on borders, asylum, migration, internal security and justice. Drawing on over one hundred interviews with national representatives and EU officials, the author demonstrates how representatives manage the stigma of opting out, allowing them to influence even politically sensitive areas covered by their opt-outs. Developing a practice approach to European integration, the book shows how everyday negotiations transform national interests into European ideals. It is usually assumed that states opt out to preserve sovereignty, but Adler-Nissen argues that national opt-outs may actually reinforce the integration process

This article places the European Union (EU) small states within the Vulnerability and Resilience Framework, and tests the correlation between economic resilience and competitiveness. In this analysis, economic resilience is associated with good economic, social and political governance, and economic vulnerability is associated with exposure to external shocks, mostly due to a high degree of trade openness. The findings indicate that (a) that the EU small states tend to exhibit a high degree of economic vulnerability, suggesting that they are highly exposed to external shocks and (b) that the most economically vulnerable EU small states tend to register relatively high resilience and competitiveness scores. This would seem to suggest that economic resilience and competitiveness are related and that their policy framework enables them to withstand or reduce the harmful effects of their exposure to economic shocks. ; peer-reviewed

This paper represents a first approach to the acoustical regulations in some European Union countries. It is only considered the case of dwellings in Residential Buildings.The analysis is limited to the comparison of the different indexes used in the several countries. Some examples illustrate the enormous differences in philosophy and requirements of the different Regulations that were analysed.The conclusions emphasize the need to begin the preparation of a common code that could be used as a European Union Regulation in the field of Building Acoustics.

The European Union : questions and answers / Kristin Archick, Derek E. Mix -- The European Parliament / Kristin Archick, Derek E. Mix -- The European Union : leadership changes resulting from the Lisbon Treaty / Derek E. Mix -- The European Union's reform process : the Lisbon Treaty / Kristin Archick, Derek E. Mix -- Europe's preferential trade agreements : status, content, and implications / Raymond J. Ahearn -- European Union enlargement : a status report on Turkey's accession negotiations / Vincent Morelli, Carol Migdalovitz -- European Union englargement / Kristin Archick -- The financial crisis : impact on and response by the European Union / James K. Jackson -- The European Union's energy security challenges / Paul Belkin -- Chemical regulation in the European Union : registration, evaluation, and authorization of chemicals / Linda-Jo Schierow.

Intro -- Foreword -- List of Principal Abbreviations -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction: A Legal Study of Multilevel Governance -- A. Why a Legal Study of Multilevel Governance? -- B. Overview of the Work -- C. A Required Post-Scriptum on the Heterogeneity of the `Sub-national Level´ -- References -- Chapter 2: The Sub-national Dimension of the EU -- A. Introduction -- B. Beyond the `Masters of the Treaties´ Dogma -- C. Sub-national Participation in Lawmaking in the Council and Through the Committee of the Regions (CoR) -- D. The Implementation of EU Law and Policy by the Sub-national Authorities -- 1. Beyond the Doctrine of the Exclusive Responsibility of the Member States for the Fulfilment of EU Obligations: The Role of ... -- 2. State Liability and Financial Liability of the Sub-national Authorities in Case of Failure to Comply with Obligations Stemm... -- 3. Protecting Local and Regional Self-government from Surreptitious `Re-centralisation´: Constitutional Limitations and Constr... -- 4. The Defence of the Sub-state Authorities in Infraction Proceedings -- E. The Challenge of Union Acts by the Sub-national Authorities -- 1. Direct Challenge of Union Acts: The `State Centric´ Jurisprudence of the ECJ -- 2. The Way Out of the Conundrum: The Judicial Defence of the Rights of the Sub-state Authorities at EU Level Through the Natio... -- F. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Multilevel Governance in the EU -- A. Introduction -- B. Content and Constitutional Foundation of Multilevel Governance -- 1. The Emergence of Multilevel Governance in the EU -- 2. The White Papers´ Approach to Multilevel Governance -- 3. Towards a Legal Notion of Multilevel Governance: A) EU Primary Law -- 4. Towards a Legal Notion of Multilevel Governance: B) EU Secondary Law.

Over the past half-century, Europe has experienced the most radical reallocation of authority that has ever taken place in peace-time, yet the ideological conflicts that will emerge from this are only now becoming apparent. The editors of this 2004 volume, Gary Marks and Marco Steenbergen, have brought together a formidable group of scholars of European and comparative politics to investigate patterns of conflict that are arising in the European Union. Using diverse sources of data, and examining a range of actors, including citizens, political parties, members of the European Parliament, social movements, and interest groups, the authors of this volume conclude that political contestation concerning European integration is indeed rooted in the basic conflicts that have shaped political life in Western Europe for many years. This comprehensive volume provides an analysis of political conflict in the European Union

Why are hopes fading for a single European identity? Economic integration has advanced faster and further than predicted, yet the European sense of 'who we are' is fragmenting. Exploiting decades of permissive consensus, Europe's elites designed and completed the single market, the euro, the Schengen passport-free zone, and, most recently, crafted an extraordinarily successful policy of enlargement. At the same time, these attempts to de-politicize politics, to create Europe by stealth, have produced a political backlash. This ambitious survey of identity in Europe captures the experiences of the winners and losers, optimists and pessimists, movers and stayers in a Europe where spatial and cultural borders are becoming ever more permeable. A full understanding of Europe's ambivalence, refracted through its multiple identities, lies at the intersection of competing European political projects and social processes