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Introduction: Prevention of medical error is important in ensuring the quality of patient care. The objective of this study is to compare the perceptions of physicians on the occurrence of medical errors and disclosure practices and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of errors and the barriers and motivations to disclosures. Materials and Methods: Eight focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted in six secondary and two tertiary health facilities. The facilities and participants were selected using cluster sampling and snowball techniques respectively. Qualitative data management was carried out using verbatim transcripts, followed by an interpretative account and finally summarization of coded themes. An observational checklist was used to identify drug prescription writing errors from 420 prescriptions, selected using a simple random sampling method. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to assess associations between variables at a significance level of 5%. Results: Physicians' perceptions based on the FGDs suggests very frequent occurrences of medical errors and the main factor associated with occurrences was lack of hospital equipment. The secondary health facilities were more likely to disclose medical errors. Lack of disclosure policy and malpractice insurance was a major barrier to disclosure. The secondary health facilities had more frequent prescription writing errors than the tertiary facilities: omission of patients' age (75.2% > 33.3%; p=0.001); address (88.1% > 3.3 %; p=0.001). Conclusion: The physicians' perception was that of a heavy burden of medical error occurrences and poor disclosure practices. The development of institutional policies on disclosure including malpractice insurance should be encouraged.

AbstractThe world is witnessing a dramatic increase in displaced persons in Africa, Asia, South America, and, most recently, Europe. Within this population of violence‐induced displacement are older women, a group that is mostly unseen because research and relief initiatives primarily target younger women and children. This study aimed to explore the changes in the convoys and support for older women in displacement (OWD). Qualitative data were collected from nine OWD using art‐based convoys of concentric circles and interviews. The collected data were analysed in themes, and findings revealed that while there has been intervention from formal organisations to fill the displacement‐induced support gap, supports are still limited, sporadic, not focused on the peculiar needs of OWD, not guided by any framework, and mainly material in design. The study concluded by recommending sustainable support to help OWD become empowered to cope effectively without aid.

This study investigated the effects of activity-based instructional strategy on senior secondary schools students' retention in circle geometry. The study employed a quasi-experimental design of the type pre-test, post-test groups design. The sample for the study comprised of 162 senior secondary 2 students drawn from two randomly selected co-educational schools in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The research instrument was Mathematics Retention Test (MRT) containing items adapted from standardized WAEC questions. The test –retest method was employed for the reliability of the test instrument. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r)=0.86 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using t-test. The finding of this study revealed that there was a significant difference in the retention of students taught circle geometry using activity-based instructional strategy (ABIS) and the students taught circle geometry using conventional methods in favour of the students taught using ABIS. The study also indicated that there was no significant difference between the retention of male and female students in the experimental group who were taught circle geometry using ABIS. It was therefore recommended that mathematics teachers should use strategies that will encourage the active participation of students in mathematics classes such as ABIS which in turn would enhance retention. Also, governments at all levels should organize trainings and/or workshops for mathematics teachers on the use of ABIS in teaching mathematics. Article visualizations:

AbstractInformal settlements in major urban areas are often derided through discourses as pockets of poverty, disorder, and marginalisation. Consequently, city planning officials often seek to eliminate or reduce such settlements for more ordered planned settlements. Yet, informal urban settlements continue to remain a part of urban life and have, in many places, increased in size and density. This paper provides an ethnographic account of the place-making activities deployed by informal settlement dwellers in Abuja, Nigeria, who face constant threats of displacement and eviction. We use place-making as an analytic lens with which to explore the discursive, political, and material strategies used by individuals and communities to resist the threats of displacement. Through ethnographic fieldwork in Mabushi and Mpape, we identify, on the one hand, the key material strategies of place-making to include incremental improvement to dwellings, planting of economic trees, and physical confrontations. On the other hand, the formation of settlement associations and active involvement in local politics with its attendant alliance-making have contributed to place-making strategies through the development of meanings, senses of togetherness, and belonging to the settlements. Our findings show the agency of informal settlement dwellers and how they use both material processes and discursive narratives to generate new meanings of place, tenure security, and the right to the city. This enables them to resist displacement from the urban environment. We conclude that a place-making approach to exploring informal settlements is fruitful for understanding the complexity of urban change processes in the Nigerian context.

This study investigated the challenges preventing effective supervision of universal basic education programme in Kuje Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study consisted of all the 50 teachers (male and female) in five (5) selected public primary schools and ten educational Supervisors in Kuje Area Council of FCT. Fifth (50) teachers and ten (10) supervisors were selected using purposive sampling technique, which gave a total of 60 respondents as sample size for the study. The Questionnaire used for the study had two sections. Section (A) collected information on bio-data while Section (B) collected information on the subject matter. The teachers' and supervisors questionnaire which was tagged (Challenges facing the supervision of universal basic school questionnaire) was designed by the researchers and used for data collection (CFSUBEQ). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (simple percentages). The result produced that inadequate Supervisors, inadequate supervision materials, insecurity, logistics problem, inadequate funding and poor capacity development of supervisors are the challenges preventing effective supervision of universal basic education programme in Kuje Area Council of FCT. Based on this findings, it was recommended that the government should increase the funding of supervision in the Area Council and in the country at large.

The environmental risks associated with heavy metal pollutions are becoming worrisome. Hence, this study evaluated the environmental and human health risks of lead (Pb) accumulation in soil samples from solid waste dumpsites within Abuja, Nigeria. Soil samples (n=72) were collected (0-45 cm depth) from Abaji, Bwari, Gosa, Gwagwalada, Kuje, and Kwali dumpsites and 2 km away (control), and then analyzed for Pb using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The risks of Pb contaminations were then evaluated in soils and in individuals (Children and Adults) via inhalation and dermal contacts with soil using ecological and health risk equations. Pb concentrations in the dumpsites were below the permissible limits set by environmental protection agencies and were highest in Kuje dumpsite and lowest in Abaji dumpsite. The ecological pollution indices ranged from 'low risks' (at Bwari, Gosa, Gwagwalada dumpsites) to 'very contamination risks' (at Kuje and Kwali dumpsites). Daily dose for Pb via dermal contact pathways were higher and no significant lifetime health (non-carcer and cancer) risks were observed suggesting that inhalation and dermal routes pose very low health risk of Pb poisoning in both children (≤ 15 years) and adults (≤ 70 years). This study suggests that the concentration of Pb in the study dumpsites might cause more ecological risks than health hazards in exposed individuals via inhalation and dermal pathways.

This study analyzes the impact of formal education on poverty reduction in Nigeria by studying the relationship between government expenditure on education, school enrolment, and labour force participation. It uses 30 years of annual time series data and employs various statistical methods, such as OLS regression, ADF test, Philip Peron unit root test, F-tests, and t-tests. Labour force participation serves as a proxy to understand how these macroeconomic variables affect poverty. The findings reveal that both school enrolment and government expenditure on education significantly affect labour force participation. Specifically, enrolment in secondary and tertiary education positively correlates with increased labour force participation. To enhance poverty reduction in Nigeria, the study proposes improving the effectiveness of government expenditure, enhancing access to quality secondary and tertiary education, fostering collaboration between education and businesses, and emphasizing vocational and technical education aligned with the labour market's needs.

The study investigated the challenges facing militating against implementation of educational policies of secondary school education in F.C.T, Abuja. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 18 secondary schools in FCT. The sample for the study was 180 teachers selected from 18 secondary schools. The sample was drawn through randomly and proportionate random sampling techniques. A self-developed instrument of seven items question titled "Challenges Facing Educational Policies Implementation in FCT. Questionnaire" (CFEPIFCTQ) which was answered by teachers was used for the study. The reliability of the instrument was established through test-retest method. This was done by administering the instrument twice within an internal of two weeks to 30 teachers in Kogi state. The two sets of responses were correlated using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and a reliability coefficient of 0.75 was obtained. The data collected was analyzed through the simple percentage. The result collected, analyzed and collected from the table led to the conclusion that inadequate funding, inadequate professional teachers, inadequate infrastructural facilities, institutional corruption, political instability, poor planning, poor supervision and inspection and lack of political will are the challenges militating against implementation of educational policies of secondary school education in F.C.T, Abuja. Keywords: Challenges, Educational policies, secondary schools, Education, ; This article has been published at www.cjar.eu , Vol.#2, Issue#2, February 2021.

This research work investigated the extent of availability, application and impact of instructional aids on improving academic performance of physics students in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) secondary schools Abuja. The population of the study was limited to secondary schools in three Area councils of the FCT. The sampled schools used for the research had a total 3,150 students with teaching staff strength of 163. The study was carried out among the senior secondary SS2 and SS3 physics students and their teachers. Descriptive survey method was adopted for this study with 60 items on the questionnaire for students and 15 items for teachers. Six research questions were asked and analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The data gathered were further analyzed and interpreted to arrive at findings which showed that the physics teachers in FCT secondary schools were using instructional aids, there was significant difference in academic performance of students taught with instructional aids; findings equally revealed that there were shortfalls in availability of some materials. Recommendations were suggested that government should formulate policy statement on availability, distribution, selection and maintenance of instructional aids in FCT secondary schools.

The study investigated the challenges facing the planning of secondary schools education in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja, Nigeria. The research design for the study was a survey method. The target population is comprised of educational planners working in the ministry, department and agency of education that deals with education planning. The sample for this study was eighty people by random sampling technique used by four agencies of the federal government in FCT, Abuja. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection in the study. The reliability of the instrument was determined by testing and retesting. The data were analyzed using frequency counting and simple percentage. The result of the study showed; inadequate planning information, inadequate planning materials, poor educational planner training, political instability. Inadequate funding for planning activities and a shortage of professional educational planners are the challenges facing planning for secondary schools in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. ; El estudio investigó los desafíos que enfrenta la planificación de la educación secundaria en el Territorio de la Capital Federal (FCT) de Abuja, Nigeria. El diseño de la investigación para el estudio fue un método de encuesta. La población objetivo compuesta por planificadores educativos que trabajan en el ministerio, departamento y agencia de educación que se ocupa de la planificación educativa. La muestra para este estudio fue de ochenta personas, mediante una técnica de muestreo aleatorio utilizando cuatro agencias del gobierno federal en FCT, Abuja. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para la recopilación de datos en el estudio. La fiabilidad del instrumento se determinó mediante la prueba y la nueva prueba. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el conteo de frecuencias y el porcentaje simple. El resultado del estudio mostró; información inadecuada para la planificación, materiales de planificación inadecuados, capacitación deficiente del planificador educativo, inestabilidad política. El financiamiento inadecuado para las actividades de planificación y la escasez de planificadores educativos profesionales son los desafíos que enfrenta la planificación de las escuelas secundarias en FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.