Suchergebnisse

Context. Recent observational studies indicate that a large number of OB stars are found within binary systems which may be expected to interact during their lifetimes. Significant mass transfer or indeed merger of both components is expected to modify evolutionary pathways, facilitating the production of exceptionally massive stars which will present as blue stragglers. Identification and characterisation of such objects is crucial if the efficiency of mass transfer is to be established; a critical parameter in determining the outcomes of binary evolutionary channels. Aims. The young and coeval massive cluster Westerlund 1 hosts a rich population of X-ray bright OB and Wolf–Rayet stars where the emission is attributed to shocks in the wind collision zones of massive binaries. Motivated by this, we instigated a study of the extremely X-ray luminous O supergiants Wd1-27 and -30a. Methods. We subjected a multi-wavelength and -epoch photometric and spectroscopic dataset to quantitative non-LTE model atmosphere and time-series analysis in order to determine fundamental stellar parameters and search for evidence of binarity. A detailed examination of the second Gaia data release was undertaken to establish cluster membership. Results. Both stars were found to be early/mid-O hypergiants with luminosities, temperatures and masses significantly in excess of other early stars within Wd1, hence qualifying as massive blue stragglers. The binary nature of Wd1-27 remains uncertain but the detection of radial velocity changes and the X-ray properties of Wd1-30a suggest that it is a binary with an orbital period ≤10 days. Analysis of Gaia proper motion and parallactic data indicates that both stars are cluster members; we also provide a membership list for Wd1 based on this analysis. Conclusions. The presence of hypergiants of spectral types O to M within Wd1 cannot be understood solely via single-star evolution. We suppose that the early-B and mid-O hypergiants formed via binary-induced mass-stripping of the primary and mass-transfer to the secondary, respectively. This implies that for a subset of objects massive star-formation may be regarded as a two-stage process, with binary-driven mass-transfer or merger yielding stars with masses significantly in excess of their initial "birth" mass. ; This research was supported by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Spanish Government Ministerio de Economía y Competitivad (MINECO/FEDER) under grants AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P (Negueruela) and ESP2015-65597-C4-1-R and ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R (Najarro).

One of the key traditional scientific avenues of Polish historical geography is reconstruction of the cultural landscape while the studies of the origins and the external and internal composition of the settlement forms are its vital element. The article hereby attempts to summarise the state of the art in the field of historical morphology in Poland, which covers the works on genesis, historical physiognomy, and development of the spatial layouts of the villages and towns. It aims to systematise the scientific achievements so far by identifying the major research directions from a chronological and problem-oriented perspective and indicating the development paths of particular disciplines of historical geography in the foreseeable future. The beginnings of morphological research stem from studies of the influence of legal, political and economic conditions on the spatial layout of villages and towns. The geographical studies on the landscape attempting to determine the role of the environmental factors on the settlement forms also played a key part. However, after the WWII the morphological- genetic works, which scrutinised the process of settlement forms' emergence and the changes in their spatial layout was most commonly represented. Such works were mostly based on source materials in the form of plans confronted with historical written sources. In Polish geohistoriography of towns' and villages' morphology, four basic scientific avenues can be observed: monographical-regional (aimed at studying particular settlement units or their collection within a particular area), problem-oriented (concentrating on selected planning aspects or particular morphogenetic factors), theoretical-methodological (attempting to understand the entirety of the process of development of spatial layouts via different methods and approaches), and synthetic-typological (aimed at creating comprehensive country- wide overviews and typologies on the basis of comparative studies). As far as morphological works are concerned, there are a number of scientific approaches observable: morphogenetic (i.e. a reconstruction of the overall circumstances of emergence and development of settlement forms), morphofunctional approach (i.e. an explanation of variability of planning forms regarding to the evolution of their socio-economic function), morphostructural (i.e. the study on the planning elements from the perspective of their spatial relations), and morphochorological (attempting to identify the types of spatial systems in time). The analysis conducted for the purpose of the article provides grounds for a conclusion that the state of the art in historical morphology of villages and towns in Poland can be deemed satisfactory, though some of the areas still require some in-depth studies and verification with use of new technological solutions.

Simple Summary Official on-farm inspections are carried out throughout the European Union every year to ensure farm compliance with animal welfare standards. The aim of this study was to analyze Finnish inspection data in order to find out how well cattle and pig farms comply with animal welfare standards, to reveal the most common non-compliances and to identify possible farm risk factors. About every fourth inspected Finnish cattle and pig farm did not comply with the animal welfare standards. Examples of factors that increased the risk of non-compliance were small herd size, tie-stall housing and outdoor rearing. Inadequate lying area in cattle farms and a lack of enrichment material in pig farms were the most common non-compliances. The regional differences found may indicate differences in inspectors' interpretations or ways in conducting inspections. As the official inspection reports contain valuable information about the welfare problems on farms, the reports should be better utilized in risk analysis, in targeting farmer education, and in making the inspections more uniform. Abstract The competent authorities of the Member States of the European Union are required to perform animal welfare inspections on livestock farms. The data obtained from these official inspections performed in Finnish cattle and pig farms in 2010-2015 were used with the aim of estimating the prevalence of the most common non-compliances and identifying underlying risk factors. The prevalence of non-compliant cattle and pig farms was 24.2% and 27.9%, respectively. In cattle, the most common problem was an inadequate lying area followed by deficient housing conditions for calves; in pigs, it was a lack of enrichment material. The non-compliances concerning cattle were most frequently detected in autumn and in farms with small herd size, with tie-stall housing and outdoor rearing year-round. The pig farms with a farrow-to-finish unit had a higher prevalence of non-compliances than other production types. The prevalence of the non-compliant farms differed notably between the regions. It can be concluded that the cattle welfare inspections should be performed with a focus on the cold and rainy seasons and at small farms, whereas the pig welfare inspections should mainly focus on farrow-to-finish units. The data received from official inspections should be efficiently utilized in the development of animal welfare inspection system, with the aim of risk-based, consistent and uniform inspections. In addition, the data should be utilized in targeting information for farmers. ; Peer reviewed

This research is to find out the efforts of the community of Sukamukti Subdistrict, Banyuresmi, GarutRegency in empowering the environment-based community, a strategy carried out by the Kiwang Kreatif Group in the utilization of Eceng Gondok waste, and its impact on community welfare and environmental cleanliness. This research uses descriptive analysis method, data collection, observation, interview and document study. The results showed that the strategy carried out by the Kiwang Kreatif Group in utilizing Hyacinth was included with the assistance of local government officials who contributed to empowering the environment at Lake Situ Bagendit through three stages, namely training, mentoring and mentoring in the utilization of waste from the Eceng plant Mumps, which is supported by a budget or capital in carrying out this activity. The Kiwang Kreatif group teaches about the awareness of each individual, especially in the Sukamukti Village community, about the importance of maintaining environmental hygiene so that it looks more healthy and maintained its beauty that is not spared from using the Eceng Gondok plant to become an item that has selling value. The method of training, mentoring and mentoring through the use of Hyacinth waste carried out by the Kiwang Kreatif Group was very accepted by the people in Sukamukti Village because it can improve welfare, regulate a clean environment and increase the creativity of the community.AbstrakPenelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya masyarakat Desa Sukamukti Kecamatan Banyuresmi Kabupaten Garut dalam memberdayakan masyarakat berbasis lingkungan, strategi yang dilakukan Kelompok Kiwang Kreatif dalam pemanfaatan limbah tumbuhan Eceng Gondok, dan dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kebersihan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisa, pengumpulan data, observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok Kiwang Kreatif dalam pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok yang disertakan dengan adanya bantuan dari pihak aparat pemerintah setempat yang ikut berkontribusi dalam memberdayakan lingkungan di Danau Situ Bagendit melalui tiga tahapan yaitu pelatihan, pembimbingan dan pendampingan dalam pemanfaatan limbah dari tumbuhan Eceng Gondok, yang didukung dengan adanya anggaran atau permodalan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini. Kelompok Kiwang Kreatif mengajarkan tentang kesadaran setiap individu terutama pada masyarakat Desa Sukamukti tentang pentingnya untuk menjaga kebersihan lingkungan agar terlihat lebih teurus dan terjaga keindahannya yang tidak luput dari memanfaatkan tumbuhan Eceng Gondok menjadi sebuah barang yang mempunyai nilai jual. Metode pelatihan, pembimbingan dan pendampingan melalui pemanfaatan limbah Eceng Gondok yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok Kiwang Kreatif ini sangat diterima oleh masyarakat di Desa Sukamukti karena dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan, tertatanya lingkungan yang bersih dan meningkatkan kekreatifan warga masyarakat.

This article discusses the changes in the value of fixed assets recognized in financial accounting and reporting, in cases of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction, modernization and partial liquidation in accordance with the Russian and international financial reporting standards. The objective of this work is to consider the current Russian accounting procedure of changes in the evaluation of fixed assets, international rules of changes in evaluation and directions of improvement of the Russian accounting legislation on this issue. The study is based on the use of general scientific and special methods: analogy, comparison, extrapolation, generalization, etc. According to the results of the work, promising directions of development of accounting for adjusting the value of fixed assets taking into account the convergence of domestic and international norms and rules are determined, as well as discussion points that require further scientific justification, in particular the determination of the value of a part of the fixed asset that is decommissioned at partial liquidation, are indicated. The obtained results can be used by economic entities in the formation of accounting policy and formation of the accounting system, as well as in the adoption of the final version of the "Fixed Assets" federal accounting standard. Amendments to the accounting legislation in accordance with the proposed directions will improve the representativeness of accounting information in respect of fixed assets of economic entities in order to make informed investment decisions. ; В статье рассматриваются вопросы изменения стоимости объектов основных средств, признанной в финансовом учете и отчетности, в случаях их достройки, дооборудования, реконструкции, модернизации и частичной ликвидации в соответствии с российскими и международными стандартами финансовой отчетности. Целью работы является рассмотрение действующего в России порядка учета изменения оценки основных средств, международных правил изменения оценки и направлений совершенствования российского бухгалтерского законодательства по указанному вопросу. Исследование основано на использовании общенаучных и специальных методов: аналогии, сравнения, экстрополяции, обобщения и др. По результатам работы обозначены перспективные направления развития бухгалтерского учета корректировки стоимости основных средств с учетом конвергенции отечественных и международных норм и правил, а также дискуссионные моменты, требующие дальнейшего научного обоснования, в частности определения стоимости части объекта основного средства, выводимого из эксплуатации при частичной ликвидации. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы хозяйствующими субъектами при формировании учетной политики и формировании системы бухгалтерского учета, а также при принятии окончательной редакции вводимого в действие федерального стандарта бухгалтерского учета "Основные средства". Внесение изменений в бухгалтерское законодательство в соответствии с предложенными направлениями позволит повысить репрезентативность учетной информации в отношении основных средств хозяйствующих субъектов в целях принятия обоснованных инвестиционных решений.

The article analyses the spatial impact and territorial effects of social and political conflict in the Venezuelancapital, Caracas, a state of affairs exacerbated by an acute polarisation in both these aspects. Education toforward civic responsibility is examined by means of concrete examples,as is the question as to whether ornot these initiatives be democratic or anti-democratic in their objectives. The study is held to reveal that bothaims are to be found and that they are much related to patterns of a highly segregated and exclusive use ofterritory that is socially and politically conflictive, this use of territory turning upon a fictional definition ofthe others who are the enemy and thus a need for unity born of fear of them. There is thus felt to be astrangely two faced democratic practice by the citizens of the capital here which while expressing itself incivic activity and social awareness in favour of the democratic process at the same time has another and farfrom democratic aspect which expresses itself in a paramilitary banding together in defence of «the familyand private property» against outsiders. The paper finds that it is this anti-democratic face of things thathas led to the emergence of ghettos in Caracas founded upon acute social, political and ideological polarisationand holds that this is a cancer upon the democratic body politic of the capital. ; Este artículo analiza la expresión espacial y territorial que han adquirido los conflictos sociopolíticosen la ciudad capital de Caracas, Venezuela como resultado de la alta polarización social y políticaque existe. A través de ejemplos concretos se elaboró un análisis documental y hemerográfico para conocercómo se construye la ciudadanía en Venezuela y si dicha ciudadanía es de carácter democrático o no. Los resultadosindican que la elevada polarización social está estrechamente unida a la polarización política y queambas producen un patrón excluyente del uso del espacio altamente conflictivo desde el punto de vista socio-político. Dicho patrón, que está basado en el imaginario sobre el «otro» y en las ciudadanías del miedo,indica que el ejercicio de la democracia tiene dos caras para las clases media y alta: la de los ciudadanos organizadosque en el pasado estimularon importantes procesos de democratización del espacio político y socialy la cara anti-democrática de estos mismos ciudadanos que se organizan cuasi-militarmente para defenderla familia y la propiedad frente al «otro» a quien se considera el enemigo. Esta última cara hacontribuido a la emergencia de ghettos o espacios altamente segregados que implican la desdemocratizacionde una Caracas, «sitiada».

Promoure la democràcia és un repte i una responsabilitat permanents de l'educació, un repte perenne que convida a la promoció i al desenvolupament de processos d'escolta i participació que sustentats en el reconeixement de l'altre condueixin a compartir l'experiència personal fins a fer d'ella un bé de possessió comuna. Per això, en aquest treball s'apel·la a Dewey per justificar la importància dels processos d'escolta i participació dels infants des de l'etapa d'Educació Infantil com a garants d'una escola promotora de la democràcia que ajudi a construir conjuntament als infants des de les edats més primerenques, per donar sentit i significat a aquests termes (democràcia i participació) des del valor de l'experiència d'aprendre amb els altres i dels altres, expressar el que un pensa i sent, ser escoltat i tingut en compte, respectant-se la individualitat de cada ésser humà. ; The promotion of democracy is a constant challenge and responsibility of education, a perennial goal that encourages the advancement and development of listening and participation processes. Based on recognition of the other, such processes lead to sharing personal experience until it becomes a common good. In this study, we refer to Dewey to justify the importance of listening and participation processes for children from the stage of early childhood education to ensure that schools promote democracy. This helps to construct together with children from very early ages the meaning and significance of these terms (democracy and participation), based on the value of the experience of learning with and from others, expressing what you think and feel, being listened to and considered and respecting each person's individuality. ; Promover la democracia es un desafío y una responsabilidad permanentes de la educación, un reto perenne que invita a la promoción y desarrollo de procesos de escucha y participación que sustentados en el reconocimiento del otro conduzcan a compartir la experiencia personal hasta hacer de ella un bien de posesión común. Por ello, en este trabajo se apela a Dewey para justificar la importancia de los procesos de escucha y participación de los niños desde la etapa de educación infantil como garantes de una escuela promotora de la democracia que ayude a construir conjuntamente a los niños desde las edades más tempranas, para dar sentido y significado a estos términos (democracia y participación) desde el valor de la experiencia de aprender con los otros y de los otros, expresar lo que uno piensa y siente, ser escuchado y tenido en cuenta, respetándose la individualidad de cada ser humano.

Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Políticas Públicas ; At present, one of the major problems faced by governments in most countries is public security, which is why it seeks ways to make police institutions efficient in order to achieve and fulfill the fundamental tasks of the State, Which consists of the protection of the citizens that comprise it, as well as the protection of their property, possessions and rights, among others, so the objective of this investigation is to determine what factors are necessary to improve the performance of the police . Police institutions in Mexico face the great challenge of optimizing their results, which is to make citizens feel calm and free from all danger, for this reason through a public policy that takes into consideration the modernization of the institutions, the professionalization of the police officers, the review of their functions and the establishment of new goals, the optimal social status is achieved to achieve common welfare. For this work, a correlation analysis of variables was applied, highlighting the relationship between the level of study, training, salary and professional career service with police performance. ; En la actualidad uno de los mayores problemas que enfrentan los gobiernos de la mayoría de los países es la seguridad pública, por tal motivo se busca la manera de hacer eficientes las instituciones de policía para alcanzar y cumplir con una las tareas fundamentales que tiene el Estado, la cual consiste en la protección de los ciudadanos que lo conforman, así como la protección a su propiedad, posesiones y derechos, entre otros, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar qué factores resultan necesarios para mejorar el desempeño de los policías. Las instituciones de policía en México enfrentan el gran reto de la optimización de sus resultados, el cual consiste en lograr que los ciudadanos se sientan tranquilos y ausentes de todo peligro, por esta razón mediante una política pública que tome en consideración la modernización de las instituciones, la profesionalización de los policías, la revisión de sus funciones y el establecimiento de nuevas metas se logra el estado social óptimo para lograr el bienestar común. Para este trabajo se aplicó un análisis de correlación de variables, destacando de los resultados obtenidos la relación que existe entre el nivel de estudio, la capacitación, el salario y el servicio profesional de carrera con el desempeño policial.

Masyarakat Desa Bondo, Jepara, dikenal dengan iklim toleransinya yang kuat. Dalam konteks kehidupan keluarga, umat Islam dan Kristen menyumbangkan karakteristik pola asuh yang inklusif. Dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif melalui pisau analisis teori psikologi perkembangan anak dan teori kepemimpinan dari Hersey dan Blanchard, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menampilkan model pendidikan dan pola asuh orang tua dari keluarga seagama dan beda agama. Dari hasil observasi partisipatoris dan wawancara mendalam, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk pendidikan di Desa Bondo memunculkan pelbagai model, di antaranya model pendidikan keteladanan, model pendidikan inklusif, model pendidikan kedisiplinan, model pendidikan dengan memberi hukuman, model pendidikan kemandirian, dan model pendidikan religius. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan pola asuh orang tua terhadap anak antara keluarga beda agama dan keluarga seagama. Bagi keluarga seagama (Kristen dengan Kristen), pola asuh yang mendominasi ialah permisif, demokratis dan otoriatif. Sedangkan pola asuh keluarga seagama (Islam dengan Islam) relatif sama dengan pola asuh yang diterapkan oleh keluarga beda agama (Kristen dengan Islam) yaitu demokratis, otoriter, dan otoritatif. Model pendidikan dan pola asuh orang tua tersebut berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran toleransi dalam diri anak-anak di Desa Bondo. (The people of Bondo, Jepara, are known for their strong tolerance situation. In the context of family life, Muslims and Christians contribute to the characteristics of inclusive parenting. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach through the analysis of psychological theories of child development and leadership theories from Hersey and Blanchard, this study aims at displaying the educational model and parenting of parents of religious families and different religions. Based on the results of participatory observation and interviews, it can be concluded that there are several models of education in Bondo, including the model of exemplary education, the model of inclusive education, the model of disciplinary education, the education model by giving punishment, the education model of independence, and the model of religious education. In addition, there are differences in parenting parents towards children between families of different religions and religious families. For family members of the same religion (Christian to Christian), parenting that dominates is permissive, democratic and authoritative. Whereas parenting families of religions (Islam and Islam) are relatively similar to those adopted by families of different religions (Christianity with Islam) namely democratic, authoritarian, and authoritative. The model of education and parenting has a significant effect on awareness of tolerance in children in Bondo.)

Neoliberalism exists in two forms: policy and ideology. On the policy side, a crusade of deregulation, privatization, and the competition was ushered in by Neoliberal politicians like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan. On the ideology side, Neoliberalism constructs for us a series of truth games. It tells us: our society is too complex for us to understand, and therefore it can not be ordered by humans. In contrast, the market is itself a mechanism of spontaneous order, and therefore is better suited to calculate, process, and order our society. Subsequently, it is humans who must adapt to the needs of the market. The result is the financialization of everything and the production of a subject who is most compatible with the needs of the market. This subject is pacified, so as to numb criticality, and this subject's human capital is maximized, spending all time producing or consuming. The market operates as the head of the design of our cities and builds environments that perpetuate its ideal subject. In the landscape of tax breaks, enterprise zones, and visa incentives, particular environments emerge which project the agenda of the market in its most raw state. These environments, capital imaginaries, are produced by Neoliberal policy and naturalize Neoliberal ideology. Inside, they reveal the production of the Neoliberal Subject which exists in all spaces. The Neoliberal Subject is comprised of three parts, and for each part, I have developed a case study on a capital imaginary whose construction is directly in pursuit of its production. First, the Depoliticized Individual. In my own truth games, I assert that Kop van Zuid in Rotterdam is about the view. The view constructs the individual, and in such a way that they are depoliticized. Second, the Uncritical Laborer. In these truth games, I assert that Canary Wharf in London is a simulacrum. The simulacrum constructs the laborer, and in such a way that they are made uncritical. Third, the Entertained Consumer. In these truth games, I assert that Hudson Yards is about the experience. The experience constructs the consumer, and in such a way that they are constantly entertained. The Neoliberal Subject as naturalized by Capital Imaginaries is a terrifying figure. They have been pacified, castrated, and are constantly either producing or consuming. They are burnt out, stressed out, and are under the impression it is due to their own flaws. Far from honoring our 'Right to the City' the landscapes of capital we produce are naturalizing our own demise.

Purpose and Originality: The aim of the study was to compare the VAT revenue growth and the GDP growth in the Central and Eastern European countries belonging to the European Union within the 2000-2016 to verify the VAT gap estimations made by European Commission. Method: To achieve the goal, an analysis of the strength of the correlation between the yearly changes in nominal GDP and the yearly changes in nominal VAT revenue in the Central and Eastern European countries belonging to the European Union within the 2000-2016 period was carried out (chain base indices). On the basis of the statistical analysis of data with the use of Pearson's correlation coefficients, an international comparison also with European Commission's estimates was made with the use of the inductive reasoning methodology. Results: The results of conducted correlation analysis show very strong positive dependence between the yearly changes in nominal GDP and the yearly changes in nominal VAT revenue in the Central and Eastern European countries belonging to the European Union within the 2000-2016 period (chain base indices) in the case of 8 out of 11 CEE countries (Pearson's r from 0.78 to 0.93) and strong correlation in the case of rest 3 CEE countries (Pearson's r from 0.59 to 0.69). But it must be stressed that the assessment of these results must take into account changes in the VAT rates introduced in almost all CEE countries as the consequence of 2008 crisis. That's why these very high Pearson's correlation coefficients between analyzed values seem to confirm a growing problem with VAT collection, though VAT rates were increased almost in all CEE countries (in some of them significantly). Society: The high and/or growing VAT gap especially in the case of less credible CEE countries with permanent state budget deficits, growing public debt and higher tax rates, increases instability of sources for public expenditures and increases risk premium, thus market cost of capital, i.e. has an effect on future investment level, entities' creditworthiness, consumption level, the rate of debt growth and the rate of catchin-up process of the CEE countries and the rate of their social and economic development. Limitations: It must be stressed that the VAT gap analysis is based on estimates, incomplete data and adopted particular estimation method. Furthermore, the estimates of the VAT gap are updated and revised backwards every year, mainly because of updates in the underlying national accounts data published by Eurostat and corrections in estimation methods (for example revision of the parameters of the VTTL model used by European Commission; European Commission, 2017).

AbstractImplementation is the main aspect in the public policy process and has an important role in the success of public policy. The purpose of the study was to eliminate barriers for children (school age) economically to participate in schools so that they gain access to better education services at the primary and secondary levels and to find out the inhibiting factors faced in the Talang Kelapa District Office in Banyuasin District.This research was conducted with field research methods, while the technique of collecting data using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was performed using qualitative descriptive analysis.Based on the results of the analysis at the Talang Kelapa District Office, Banyuasin policy implementation in an effort to equalize education in the Taluas Kelapa District of Banyuasin Regency has been running as it should, the mechanism of data collection is not through the Camat. The inhibiting factor must be corrected both in terms of accurate data on prospective KIP recipients, less optimal socialization must be. The author suggests, for the sake of the creation of a professional and responsible apparatus, especially the government, it is hoped that the mechanism that changes in each period is followed by clear socialization so that the accepting party can carry out in accordance with existing provisions.Keywords : Policy implementation, Smart Indonesia Card, Social WelfareAbstrakImplementasi adalah aspek utama dalam proses kebijakan publik dan memiliki peran yang penting terhadap keberhasilan dari kebijakan publik. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk menghilangkan hambatan anak (usia sekolah) secara ekonomi untuk berpartisipasi di sekolah sehingga mereka memperoleh akses pelayanan pendidikan yang lebih baik di tingkat dasar dan menengah dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penghambat yang dihadapi di Kantor Kecamatan Talang Kelapa Kabupaten Banyuasin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian lapangan, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis di Kantor Kecamatan Talang Kelapa, Banyuasin implementasi kebijakan dalam upaya pemerataan pendidikan di Kecamatan Talang Kelapa Kabupaten Banyuasin sudah berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, mekanisme pengambilan data yang tidak melalui Camat. Faktor penghambat harus diperbaiki lagi baik dari segi akurat data calon penerima KIP, sosialisasi yang kurang optimal harus. Penulis menyarankan, demi terciptanya aparat yang profesional dan bertanggung jawab, khususnya pemerintah diharapkan mekanisme yang berubah di setiap periodenya diikuti dengan sosialisasi yang jelas agar pihak yang menerima dapat melaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada.Kata kunci : Implementasi kebijakan, Kartu Indonesia Pintar, Kesejateraan Sosial

Partimos del modelo neo-republicano de ciudadanía propuesto por Habermas para situarlo en el contexto de la era digital. Se define al ciudadano digital como una persona que ejerce sus derechos en internet de ciudadanía desde unos principios éticos y críticos coherentes con un activismo político, con el fin de promover el cambio social. Este estudio se ha centrado en la evaluación de la ciudadanía digital mediante la Escala de Ciudadanía Digital de Choi, Glassman y Cristol (2017), con el objetivo de constatar qué perfil, dimensiones y necesidades de ciudadanía digital caracterizan al alumnado universitario entrevistado (n=250). Los resultados manifiestan que los jóvenes universitarios tienen habilidades técnicas y competencias digitales altas, así como un uso muy asiduo de los medios digitales. Sin embargo, las dimensiones de enfoque crítico y activismo político en internet o ciberactivismo resultan deficitarias. Además, el hecho de buscar información o informarse mediante medios digitales provoca significativamente un mayor nivel de ciudadanía digital, mientras que la realización de actividades y tareas académicas universitarias no aporta ningún incremento. En conclusión, el nivel educativo universitario se enfrenta al reto de fomentar la educación para una ciudadanía digital crítica y activa, especialmente en su dimensión de activismo o implicación online en todos los aspectos del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. ; We start with the neo-republican model of citizenship proposed by Habermas to situate it in the context of the digital age. The digital citizen is defined as a person who exercises their rights on the Internet of citizenship from ethical and critical principles consistent with a political activism, in order to promote social change. This study has focused on the evaluation of digital citizenship through the Digital Citizenship Scale of Choi, Glassman and Cristol (2017), with the aim of ascertaining, what profile, dimensions and needs of digital citizenship characterize the university students interviewed (n=250). The results show that young university students have high digital skills and technical skills, as well as a very regular use of digital media. However, the dimensions of critical approach and political activism o cyberactivsim are deficient. Finally, the fact of seeking information or information through digital means significantly leads to greater digital citizenship, while the accomplishment of activities and academic university tasks does not bring any increase. In conclusion, the university educational level faces the challenge of promoting critical and active digital citizenship education, especially in its dimension of activism or online engagement in all aspects of the teaching-learning process. ; peerReviewed

Kamu politikası toplumun büyük bir kısmını ilgilendiren konularda veya fırsatlarda hükümetlerin veya diğer siyasal karar alıcıların aldığı kararlar, eylemler veya eylemsizliklerdir. Kamu politikası çözümlemesi resmi, sivil, uluslararası ve ulus-üstü aktörlerin biçimlendirdiği karmaşık kamu politikası sürecini çözümlemeye çalışır. Kamu politikası çözümleme modellerinden olan süreç modeli (stages heuristics) beş aşamayı esas alarak kamu politikaları analiz etmeye çalışır. Bu aşamalar gündeme gelme, formülasyon, kanunlaştırma, uygulama ve değerlendirme aşamalarıdır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfı politikası çeşitli kamu politikası çözümleme modellerinden süreç modeliyle çözümlenmiştir. Birinci bölümde, kamu politikası çözümleme terim ve yaklaşımları tanıtılmıştır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde sosyal yardımlaşma ve dayanışma vakıflarının ve diğer sosyal yardım kurumlarının gelişimi detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölüm kamu politikası sürecinin Türkiye'nin sosyal yardımlaşma ve dayanışma vakıfları politikasına ilişkin beş aşamanın analizine odaklanmaktadır. Bu politika çözümlemesinin konusu 3294 sayılı Kanunun 1986- 2017 yılları arasının çözümlenmesidir. TBMM Tutanak Dergisi ve ilgili Bakanlığın raporları bu politika çözümlemesinde temel bilgi kaynaklarıdır. Tez genel değerlendirme, politika temelli pratik ve akademik önerilerle sona erer. ; Public policy is the decisions, actions and/or inactions of goverments or other political actors on matters or opportunities related to large part of the society. In public policy analysis, it is attempted to analyze the complex policy process, which includes the involvement formal, civil, international, and supranational actors. One of the public policy analysis models is process model (stages heuristics) tries to analyze public process based on five stages. These steps are agenda setting, formulation, legislation, implementation, and evaluation. In this study, Turkey's social assistance and solidarity foundations policy was analyzed by means of various public policy analysis models and frameworks and especially by the stages model. At the first chapter, public policy analysis terms and approaches are introduced. A detailed analysis of the development of this foundations and other social assistance and solidarity institutions was conducted at the second chapter of the thesis. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of every (five) stages of the public policy process on social assistance and solidarity foundations policy of Turkey. Records of the Turkish Parliament (TBMM Tutanak Dergisi), annual reports of the related General Directorate of the Ministry are the main information sources for this policy analysis. The analysis of this specific public policy topic/substance covers the era of 1986-2017; the year 1986 was the year of main law, 3294, enacted. Thesis ends with general conclusion, comparative evaluations and policy-based, practical and academic recommendations.

La legislación española ha incluido un nuevo indicador, llamado coste efectivo, para analizar el desarrollo de los servicios municipales (incluidos los deportivos) de forma homogénea, lo que podría sustituir al clásico indicador de gasto por habitante. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar a las implicaciones del coste efectivo como medida de dimensionamiento del deporte a nivel municipal, tomando como referencia el tipo de gestión. Todos los municipios españoles de más de más de 20,000 habitantes formaron parte de este estudio, utilizando los datos procedentes de 2014 y 2015 (297 casos en 2014 y 273 en 2015). Se calcularon dos variables dependientes, gasto por habitante y coste por habitante en deporte, y se estimó un modelo de regresión por cada variable dependiente y año, utilizando el tipo de gestión como variable independiente (gestión directa centralizada, directa descentralizada o indirecta), así como diversos factores del entorno. Los modelos de gasto por habitante muestran más gasto (p0,05). Los coeficientes de las variables de control se mantienen estables en todos los modelos. Por tanto, el uso del coste efectivo por habitante sugiere que el nivel de servicios es similar independientemente el tipo de gestión. ; Spanish legislation has included a new indicator, effective cost, to analyze the development of municipal services (including sports) in a homogeneous way between the different management delivery forms, which could replace the classic indicator of spending per capita. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyze the implications of effective cost as a measure of sport dimension at the municipal level, taking as a reference the type of management. All Spanish municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants were part of this study, using data from 2014 and 2015 (297 cases in 2014 and 273 in 2015). Two dependent variables were calculated: per capita expenditure and per capita cost in sports. A regression model was estimated for each dependent variable and year, using the type of management as an independent variable (direct centralized management, direct decentralized or indirect), as well as various environmental factors. Per capita spending models show more spending (p0.05). The coefficients of the control variables remain similar in all models. Therefore, the use of the effective cost per inhabitant suggests that the level of services is similar regardless of the type of management. ; Proyecto Interno UEM (2017/UEM24) ; No data JCR 2019 ; 0.327 SJR (2019) Q3, 120/207 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation; Q4, 99/125 Sports Science ; 1.346 IDR (2019) C1, 4/43 Deporte ; UEM