Suchergebnisse

На большом фактическом материале исследуются процессы социального расслоения и политической борьбы в прибалтийских поселениях Сибири во второй половине 1920-х гг. Делается вывод, что большинство хозяйств выходцев из Прибалтики были не капиталистическими, а мелкотоварными с ограниченным применением наемного труда. Но нэп вел к втягиванию крестьянских хозяйств в рыночные отношения. ; The author explores on the great scientific material the processes of the social stratification and the political struggle in the Baltic settlements in Siberia in the second half of the 1920-th years. The author has come to the conclusion that the majority of the individual farms of the Baltic peasants in Siberia were in the frames not capitalist but small-scale commodity production. But the prolongation of the new economic politics could lead to the development of the market economy.

In the article the potential risks are discussed in connection with the programme of modernization put forward by the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev. The author argues that modern risk challenges are mainly due to the ambivalence of the process of innovations taking place in the development of science and technologists: their results are not only expected brining the wealth to people but some of them contain unanticipated consequences with new dangers. The problem of innovative approaches to the national security is analyzed in connection with new possibilities of risk management. The author also states that it is possible to overcome these risk challenges only developing creative humanistic thinking and conducting the preparation of specialists that are sociologists-riskologists and risk-managers. Кравченко С. А. 1.

Jürgen Habermas's theories have received enormous attention in the public sphere as well as in political science. It is therefore surprising that his method, rational reconstruction, is not more debated. In political science the method is of particular interest because of its ambition to bridge the gap between empirical and normative approaches. In this article the author traces Habermas's interest in rational reconstruction by going back to his writings on theory and practice and subsequently shows what the method's main principles are. He then specifies how this methodological conception is used in Habermas's political theory. Finally, the introduction of an empirical design allows the author to discuss one of the fundamental tensions in Habermas's approach: the hypotheses arrived at through rational reconstruction are empirical hypotheses but cannot be tested by empirical means.

In this practice report, the author describes the setting up of Chiswick Women's Aid, the first refuge1 for the care and treatment of battered women and their children. A key differentiation is made between 'battered women' and 'violence‐prone women' and the author summarises past objection and opposition to her work and theories.It is then contended that the issue of family violence must be seen in the personal and psychological realm, rather than in the political domain, and this is discussed in relation to a statistical survey of answers provided in questionnaires self‐completed by 100 female residents of Chiswick Women's Aid, London during 1975. This study shows evidence of a link between violence in childhood and the recreation of violent relationships in adult life and thus suggests that violence appears to be intergenerational.

The article focuses on Vietnam's participation in East Asian monetary cooperation. It argues that monetary cooperation is necessary for the regional countries, including Vietnam. Perspectives on regional monetary cooperation are considered with the Chiang Mai Initiative in the short term, and an Asian monetary system, Asian monetary fund, and Asian monetary union in the medium and long terms. More important, the author emphasizes Vietnam's efforts and policies in this cooperation. Vietnam has done a great deal to support East Asian monetary cooperation by joining many working groups within the context of ASEAN+3. However, more economic reforms should be undertaken to further upgrade Vietnam's participation in regional monetary cooperation. The author finally makes some recommendations that will help Vietnam's policy makers strengthen the country's participation in East Asian monetary cooperation.

In this paper the concept of the boundary of civilizations is discussed on the example of Polish‐Belarusian and Polish‐Ukrainian borderlands. The author starts from the assumption, shared by many historians and sociologists, that civilizations are real cultural entities based on certain long‐lasting patterns of symbolical order. Those patterns are closely related to respective religions like Catholicism and Orthodoxy, but they act even though people's religiosity is weak. The differences between Western Christian and Eastern Christian patterns remain important in a secularized world as well. The author analyses how these civilization differences influence both cross national and political identities in countries, situated on the boundary of civilizations. He shows, in particular, how symbolic patterns shape the identity of Catholic minority in modern Belarus and that of Orthodox minority in today's Poland.

Jürgen Habermas's theories have received enormous attention in the public sphere as well as in political science. It is therefore surprising that his method, rational reconstruction, is not more debated. In political science the method is of particular interest because of its ambition to bridge the gap between empirical and normative approaches. In this article the author traces Habermas's interest in rational reconstruction by going back to his writings on theory and practice and subsequently shows what the method's main principles are. He then specifies how this methodological conception is used in Habermas's political theory. Finally, the introduction of an empirical design allows the author to discuss one of the fundamental tensions in Habermas's approach: the hypotheses arrived at through rational reconstruction are empirical hypotheses but cannot be tested by empirical means.

All would-be strategists would benefit by some formal education. However, for education in strategy to be well-directed, it needs to rest upon sound assumptions concerning the eternal nature yet ever shifting character, meaning, and function of strategy, as well as the range of behaviors required for effective strategic performance. The author emphasizes the necessity for strategic education to help develop the strategic approach, the way of thinking that can solve or illuminate strategic problems. He advises that such education should not strive for a spurious relevance by presenting a military variant of current affairs. The author believes that the strategist will perform better in today's world if he has mastered and can employ strategy's general theory. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1612/thumbnail.jpg

Рассматривается взаимодействие двух сложных, открытых и гибких систем общества и мультимедийной культуры. Раскрываются особенности феномена мультимедийной культуры в зависимости от времени (постмодернизм) и пространства (инновационные культуры развитых постиндустриальных обществ). Представлены внутренние системообразующие факторы мультимедийной культуры (структура, функции и смысл) и внешние, определяющие динамику ее развития (политика, экономика, идеология и научно-технические достижения). ; In the article the author observes the interaction between two complicated open and flexible systems society and multimedia culture. He reveals the characteristics of multimedia culture phenomenon in relation to time (postmodernism) and place (innovative cultures of developed postindustrial societies). The author also examines inner system-constituting factors of multimedia culture such as structure, functions and denotation, and outer system-constituting factors which determine dynamics of development such as politics, economics, ideology and scientific-technical achievements.

Northeast Asia's rapid economic growth in the past two decades tremendously impacted the region's oil and natural gas consumption and its dependence on nonregional energy supplies. Growing energy demand is a preeminent security issue for Northeast Asia because of its distinctive energy vulnerabilities and geopolitical location. The author analyzes the implications of energy security for regional conflict and cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea. The author suggests that energy can create shared interests and opportunities for cooperation, rather than act as a source of confrontation. China, Japan, and South Korea can work together to build multilateral energy security institutions for cooperation in such areas as offshore energy exploration, clean energy programs, antipiracy activities, and pipeline construction in East Siberia. (Asian Aff/GIGA)

Feminist and hegemony theorizing are used to explicate how sport and its ancillary organizations and occupations have managed to reproduce its masculinized nature despite the gains of second wave feminism that characterizes the broader culture. The author shows that contemporary sporting institutions largely originated as a political enterprise to counter the first wave of feminism, and describe how gender-segregation and self-selection permits sports' gatekeepers to near-exclusively draw upon a relatively homogenous group of hyper-masculine, over-conforming, failed male athletes to reproduce the institution as an extremely powerful gender-regime. The author suggests that, because orthodox notions of masculinity are institutionally codified within sport, it will take more than affirmative action programs to bring gender equality off the pitch; it will also require gender-integration on the pitch

В статье рассмотрены особенности проникновения в абазинское общество в XIX начале ХХ веков норм общероссийской политической культуры. Рассмотрено участие на добровольной основе абазин Северно-Западного Кавказа в военных формированиях империи, что свидетельствовало о складывании в абазинской среде приоритетности статуса российского подданного. Автор анализирует развитие дружественных связей между абазинами и казаками, которое осуществлялось нарастающими темпами.The article focuses on the peculiarities of standards of Russian political culture spread into the Abazian society of the XIX beginning of the XX centuries. The author considers the participation of Abazians of North-West Caucasus in the military units of Empire on voluntary basis, which testified the priority of the status of Russian Subject among Abazians. The author studied the establishment of friendly relations between Abazians and Cossacks which increased gradually.

В статье рассматриваются особенности службы спецподразделений и историческое наследие, влияющее на формирование ценностных основ их субкультуры. Дается описание основных факторов профессиональной деятельности спецподразделений и их роли в образовании ценностей и норм данных военных коллективов. Анализируется связь содержательного наполнения субкультуры российских спецподразделений с культурами военных общностей прошлого. ; This article discusses the features of service in Special Forces units and historical heritage, affecting the formation of value bases of their subculture. The author gives a description of the main factors of professional activity of Special Forces units and their special role in the formation of values and norms of these military groups. The author gives analysis of the connection of content of the Russian Special Forces subculture with the cultures of military communities of the past.

На основании проведенных исследований установлены значение и роль принадлежавшей России сахалинской промысловой акватории в российско-японских международных отношениях в конце XIX начале ХХ вв. Особое внимание уделено изучению роли сахалинских рыбных промыслов для экономического развития Японии, а также продовольственного обеспечения её населения, что во многом определяло направленность японской внешней политики. ; The article is devoted to the history of international relations between Japan and Russia in Sakhalin. The author makes a particular accent to the fishers, who have important meaning for agriculture and food of Japan. At the same time Russian policy from 1875, when Sakhalin became Russian territory, was directed on limitation of Japanese fishers activity. The author underlines that incapability of Japanese and Russian governments to resolve that problem by diplomatic ways leads to Russian Japanese war in 1904 1905.

This paper features the modern problems of the population in the Russian Far East. The author, using a wide range of sources, considers the current situation through a prism of the past and gives a prognosis of its development for the future. In the paper the plans of some regional political leaders of a forceful increase of the population are criticized as being not realistic ; This paper features the modern problems of the population in the Russian Far East. The author, using a wide range of sources, considers the current situation through a prism of the past and gives a prognosis of its development for the future. In the paper the plans of some regional political leaders of a forceful increase of the population are criticized as being not realistic