Diversity in education systems, and broader political and economic conditions, are commonly credited with international variation in inequality of educational opportunity (IEO). Comparing East and West Germany before reunification allows us to investigate whether vastly different political, economic, and educational systems led to differences in IEO. Postreunification, East Germany adopted the West's systems and experienced an economic recession. IEO had been smaller in East Germany than in West Germany but was on an upward trajectory before reunification. After 1990, IEO in East Germany converged to the West German level as a result of decreased IEO in the west and increasing levels in the east. Postreunification convergence suggests that differences in political context and education policy are crucial for IEO.
This research investigates the worlds of contemporary French knowledge production in order to understand thedifferent meanings of the term 'open' in sciences. Specific attention has been drawn to the qualifying adjective 'open'in relation to the French translations (ouvert, libre gratuit) as well as associated terms (science, data, access) with thisformula. This inquiry began in 2013 and focused mainly on a specific event, the consultation on the bill for a "DigitalRepublic" (September-October 2015), in particular Article 9 on "open access to scientific publications in publicresearch". This online consultation has allowed for a national and public scope to the issue of access to knowledges.As an "equipped" reality test via a participative website, arose the opportunity to observe almost "live" the defense ofdifferent conceptions of "what should be" the contemporary regime of knowledges in France.Through a grounded theory approach around this particular crystallisation moment of the debates on open in scienceshas led me to gradually constitute a corpus of documents, reflecting the deployment of the exchanges on differentdigital spaces/apparatus (consultation website, scientific blogs, academic notebooks, mainstream press, etc.). Withinan iterative research process, I combined digital methods (digital mapping of the similarity of votes) and qualitativeanalysis of the corpus, as well as the theoretical concepts mobilized at the crossroads between information andcommunication sciences and "pragmatic sociology of critique".This enabled the development of a model which shows that the argumentative perspectives and the strategies in thetest implemented by various stakeholders to promote their own conceptions are underpinned by logics, which I haveattached to "spirits" of the French regime of knowledges. Subsequently, by switching from modeling to transposabletheorization into other fields of research, I show how the distinction between two logics (technoindustrial orprocessual), behind the discourses on open, can be ...
This research investigates the worlds of contemporary French knowledge production in order to understand thedifferent meanings of the term 'open' in sciences. Specific attention has been drawn to the qualifying adjective 'open'in relation to the French translations (ouvert, libre gratuit) as well as associated terms (science, data, access) with thisformula. This inquiry began in 2013 and focused mainly on a specific event, the consultation on the bill for a "DigitalRepublic" (September-October 2015), in particular Article 9 on "open access to scientific publications in publicresearch". This online consultation has allowed for a national and public scope to the issue of access to knowledges.As an "equipped" reality test via a participative website, arose the opportunity to observe almost "live" the defense ofdifferent conceptions of "what should be" the contemporary regime of knowledges in France.Through a grounded theory approach around this particular crystallisation moment of the debates on open in scienceshas led me to gradually constitute a corpus of documents, reflecting the deployment of the exchanges on differentdigital spaces/apparatus (consultation website, scientific blogs, academic notebooks, mainstream press, etc.). Withinan iterative research process, I combined digital methods (digital mapping of the similarity of votes) and qualitativeanalysis of the corpus, as well as the theoretical concepts mobilized at the crossroads between information andcommunication sciences and "pragmatic sociology of critique".This enabled the development of a model which shows that the argumentative perspectives and the strategies in thetest implemented by various stakeholders to promote their own conceptions are underpinned by logics, which I haveattached to "spirits" of the French regime of knowledges. Subsequently, by switching from modeling to transposabletheorization into other fields of research, I show how the distinction between two logics (technoindustrial orprocessual), behind the discourses on open, can be ...
This research investigates the worlds of contemporary French knowledge production in order to understand thedifferent meanings of the term 'open' in sciences. Specific attention has been drawn to the qualifying adjective 'open'in relation to the French translations (ouvert, libre gratuit) as well as associated terms (science, data, access) with thisformula. This inquiry began in 2013 and focused mainly on a specific event, the consultation on the bill for a "DigitalRepublic" (September-October 2015), in particular Article 9 on "open access to scientific publications in publicresearch". This online consultation has allowed for a national and public scope to the issue of access to knowledges.As an "equipped" reality test via a participative website, arose the opportunity to observe almost "live" the defense ofdifferent conceptions of "what should be" the contemporary regime of knowledges in France.Through a grounded theory approach around this particular crystallisation moment of the debates on open in scienceshas led me to gradually constitute a corpus of documents, reflecting the deployment of the exchanges on differentdigital spaces/apparatus (consultation website, scientific blogs, academic notebooks, mainstream press, etc.). Withinan iterative research process, I combined digital methods (digital mapping of the similarity of votes) and qualitativeanalysis of the corpus, as well as the theoretical concepts mobilized at the crossroads between information andcommunication sciences and "pragmatic sociology of critique".This enabled the development of a model which shows that the argumentative perspectives and the strategies in thetest implemented by various stakeholders to promote their own conceptions are underpinned by logics, which I haveattached to "spirits" of the French regime of knowledges. Subsequently, by switching from modeling to transposabletheorization into other fields of research, I show how the distinction between two logics (technoindustrial orprocessual), behind the discourses on open, can be ...
International audience Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a 'pharmaceutical world' where access to health equates with access to medicines.
Energy-use statistics in Tanzania reflect the country's low level of industrialization and development. In 2016, only 16.9% of rural and 65.3% of urban inhabitants in mainland Tanzania were connected to some form of electricity. We use a nationally representative three-wave panel dataset (2008-2013) to contribute to the literature on household energy use decisions in Tanzania in the context of the stacking and energy ladder hypotheses. We firstly adopt a panel multinomial-logit approach to model the determinants of household cooking- and lighting-fuel choices. Secondly, we focus explicitly on energy stacking behaviour, proposing various ways of measuring what is inferred when stacking behaviour is thought of in the context of the energy transition and presenting household level correlates of energy stacking behaviour. Thirdly, since fuel uses have gender-differentiated impacts, we investigate women's bargaining power in the decision-making process of household fuel choices. We find that whilst higher household incomes are strongly associated with a transition towards the adoption of more modern fuels, especially lighting fuels, this transition takes place in a context of significant fuel stacking. In Tanzania, government policy has been aimed mostly at connecting households to the electric grid. However, the public health, environmental and social benefits of access to modern energy sources are likely to be diminished in a context of significant fuel stacking. Lastly, we present evidence that the educational attainment of women in the household is an important aspect of household fuel choices.
RESUMEN: Al cumplirse 25 años de haberse creado en Colombia el modelo de peajes para financiar proyectos viales, los primeros análisis indican que el sistema está saturado debido a la ineficiente gestión de otras dos fuentes de recursos: valorización y plusvalía. Aún más, el sistema, conformado por alrededor de 142 peajes que recaudan cerca de 3 billones de pesos al año, requiere regulación por parte del Estado para prevenir tarifas excesivas y casetas mal ubicadas, facilitar una gestión de carácter participativo que haga de los proyectos un instrumento de paz y no de conflictos, y prevenir excesos de quienes por beneficiar a grandes empresas concesionarias y contratistas afecten a comunidades y usuarios.
This paper is to confirm with an actual giant case study the thesis that was elaborated by the reading of Machiavelli, Rousseau, Sismondi and explained using psychanalysis with the innate bisexuality of the human being and its massive repression 1 : the organization of the lie to the self and the need to impose it to others while exerting violence upon others as a way to form a bubble ; and how socialism (as defined by Mises to encompass both national-socialism and the other forms of it) is both the prime example of such a lie, mechanized and industrialized using the mass media, and the « helping hand » for individuals to contribute to the repression of non-idealtypic (non-heterosexual) forms of sexuality, without which it would not be popular. Slave labor was recommended by Rousseau and Sismondi as a way to fill up the needs of the economy of socialist regimes (the topic of the thesis being the political economy of republicanism). Giant death complexes are demonstrated to have happened not only in Nazi Germany but also in the Soviet Union and in other socialist countries, demonstrating finally Von Mises' thesis. The battle of Algiers seems to have given to the Soviet leaders the idea of a strict system of enforced disappearance of industrial size in which the uranium mines were the key element of destruction : death camps. The number of victims can be estimated to circa 27 millions over the whole period of activity of the mines. ; Working paper de mon troisième article de thèse pour diffusion rapide de connaissances
About: CR. Rosillo-López, Public Opinion and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. — XI 270 p.: bibliogr., index. — ISBN: 978.1.107.14507.8. ; International audience ; About: CR. Rosillo-López, Public Opinion and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. — XI 270 p.: bibliogr., index. — ISBN: 978.1.107.14507.8. ; À propos de : Cr. Rosillo-López, Public Opinion and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2017. – XI+270 p. : bibliogr., index. – ISBN : 978.1.107.14507.8.
In this contribution, it will be necessary to identify, in the theoretical and fictional work of the Argentinian artist Valeria flores, the methods and issues involved in questioning the 'built silences' (Lauretis) which have accompanied the construction of the unitary and hegemonic subject of feminism, white, bourgeois and heterogeneous, from a very fine leather position. In particular, I wonder how the theoretical texts and performance of flowers contribute to the resignificance of the concept of identity as a place for political action and work towards the promotion of post-identity strategies, the need for which is inextricably linked to contingencies. Identity policies, understood from a logic of the event, are analysed through the 'somatic fictions' of lesbian bodies which pass through the artivist practice of flowers. I focus more specifically on the performance "Es (t) e cuerpo: protocolo de uso", carried out in 2015 at the University of Córdoba. ; International audience ; In this contribution, it will be necessary to identify, in the theoretical and fictional work of the Argentinian artist Valeria flores, the methods and issues involved in questioning the 'built silences' (Lauretis) which have accompanied the construction of the unitary and hegemonic subject of feminism, white, bourgeois and heterogeneous, from a very fine leather position. In particular, I wonder how the theoretical texts and performance of flowers contribute to the resignificance of the concept of identity as a place for political action and work towards the promotion of post-identity strategies, the need for which is inextricably linked to contingencies. Identity policies, understood from a logic of the event, are analysed through the 'somatic fictions' of lesbian bodies which pass through the artivist practice of flowers. I focus more specifically on the performance "Es (t) e cuerpo: protocolo de uso", carried out in 2015 at the University of Córdoba. ; Dans cette contribution, il s'agira de repérer, dans l'œuvre ...
La vulnerabilidad de Hidroituango, se relaciona con su escala y clase de megaobra, y con la complejidad del medio geológico en el cual se emplaza. El cañón del Cauca como estructura tectónica del trópico andino, tiene una doble condición a resolver, que lo hace vulnerable a las nuevas dinámicas del agua, impacto de la presa y modelados subterráneos a gran escala: el fracturamiento y fallamiento preexistente de las rocas, y la compleja litología y suelos en laderas de alta pendiente, condicionado la estabilidad de los macizos sometidos a cambios por cargas, flujos de agua, variaciones piezométricas y pérdida de confinamiento, que modifican el estado de esfuerzos, lo que actúa como factor contribuyente del riesgo, frente al frágil equilibrio de las estructuras litológicas, micro fallas potencialmente activas y laderas altamente susceptibles al deslizamiento.
This paper analyses the level of inequality in Spain and how it evolved over the course of the past crisis and the early stages of the current recovery. To this end, it first introduces the various dimensions of wage, income, consumption and wealth inequality, and studies how they have developed. The analysis shows less wage dispersion in Spain than in other comparable economies, even after the crisis years, while the surge in unemployment during the period resulted in a high level of inequality in per capita income. The level of inequality in Spain is more moderate when total gross household income is analysed, decreasing during the crisis as a result of pensions developing more favourably than other sources of income, in conjunction with young people delaying setting up home. Inequality in per capita consumption rose during the crisis, particularly as a result of a decrease in expenditure on consumer durables by low-income households. Wealth inequality exceeds income inequality and increased during the downturn as a result of financial assets outperforming real assets. Nevertheless, Spain's wealth inequality is moderate by international standards, as ownership of real assets is more widespread than in other countries. The way inequality has evolved during the early stages of the current economic recovery shows that falling unemployment has enabled a reduction in wage income inequality, as well as in per capita income inequality, albeit to a lesser extent.
In this article, we reflect on the methodology of a digital storytelling workshop held in May 2016, gathering activists and academics across four generations to share and record their activist histories. Drawing on observational notes and participant feedback, we investigate whether and how the workshop challenged knowledge-production conventions, ageist assumptions, and intergenerational scripts. We offer the concept of a feminist intergenerational mic, arguing that the norm-challenging possibilities of this methodology lay not in providing access to a mic, but rather in particular, routinized, feminist and intergenerational practices. Through this article, we contribute to conversations about feminist methodologies, power and vulnerability in research, participatory media creation, and aging studies.
La superbe édition critique des Belles figures et drolleries de la Ligue de Pierre de l'Estoile est une aubaine pour tous les seiziémistes et tout amateur de l'histoire des guerres de religion (tout spécialement la fin du règne d'Henri III jusqu'à la reconquête de Paris par Henri de Navarre) et de la Sainte ligue . Les pièces réunies ici portent sur la période mouvementée entre 1589 et 1594 [préface, p. IX] et comportent 150 placards témoignant d'une propagande pamphlétaire sans précédent dont le contenu est le plus souvent imposé par les Seize. La situation à Paris est marquée par la faim à la fois matérielle que spirituelle, le conflit entre les politiques modérés et les zélés. L'abjuration du roi donne lieu à un rejet de plus en plus massif de la présence des Espagnols dans la capitale. Le 15 septembre 1594 a lei la cérimonie officielle de l'entrée du nouveau roi dans la capitale, cinq ans après le départ précipité d'Henri III. Impressionnant collage sous forme de 'non-livre' et véritable « théâtre de la cruauté » , Les Belles figures constituent une œuvre marginale et méconnue du diariste et collectionneur parisien à laquelle les historiens ne se sont intéressés que très tardivement, à partir de la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle [IX]. Ce recueil présenté et étudié in extenso pour la première fois par Gilbert Schrenck est une source extraordinaire pour mieux comprendre la psychologie collective de l'époque en question, les stratégies de la propagande des partis religieux [X]. Ces discours hétérogènes, expression d'une littérature engagée, prennent des formes aussi diverses que des libelles, des affiches, harangues et autres [XI], auxquels s'ajoutent de nombreuses estampes et gravures d'actualité [XII]. Mariage insolite entre la littérature et l'iconographie, les Belles figurent permettent au lecteur de se faire une idée de l'arsénal des stéréotypes mises en œuvre dans la propagande ligueuse [XIV]. Pour l'étude des mentalités à la fin du 16e siècle, cette littérature de rue [XV] est en effet une source ...
