Suchergebnisse

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar un aporte a las discusiones político-intelectuales del campo educativo en América Latina y el Caribe en el período que media entre los años 1976 y 1992. Desde una perspectiva del estudio de las ideas político-pedagógicas interesa explorar los contenidos, categorías teóricas, temas y problemáticas que caracterizaron la producción discursiva de los organismos internacionales, en tanto segmento constitutivo del campo intelectual de la educación. En términos empíricos, se estudiarán desde una perspectiva comparada y contrastativa tres producciones documentales fundamentales para América Latina y el Caribe llevadas a cabo por un conjunto de organismos internacionales: el Proyecto Desarrollo y Educación en América Latina y el Caribe (UNESCO-CEPAL-PNUD) de 1976-1981, el Proyecto Principal de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe considerado entre los años 1981-1989 (UNESCO) y por último; el Documento Educación y Conocimiento: ejes de la transformación productiva con equidad de 1992 (UNESCO-CEPAL). En suma, este trabajo pretende efectuar una contribución a la historia reciente del campo intelectual de la educación -que ciertamente cuenta con muy pocas investigaciones al respecto-, partiendo del presupuesto de que el abordaje de los procesos de producción discursiva e innovación conceptual aporta a la comprensión de la conformación y desarrollo del campo educativo. ; The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the political and discursive discussions of education in Latin America and the Caribbean in the period between 1976 and 1992. Through the analysis of political and pedagogic ideas the paper explores content, theoretical categories, topics and issues that characterized the intellectual work of international organizations, a basic component of the intellectual field of education. The paper compares three critical productions developed by a group of international organizations for Latin America and the Caribbean: the UNESCO/ECLAC/UNDP Project, "Development and Education in Latin America and the Caribbean" (1976-1981), the UNESCO Project, "Main Education Project for Latin America and the Caribbean" (1981-1989) and finally, the UNESCO/CEPAL Document, "Education and Awareness Project: axis transformation with equity", 1992. In sum, this research hopes to make a contribution to the recent history of the intellectual field of education, which certainly has very little research about it-and assuming that the approach of the processes of conceptual innovation and discursive production contributes to the understanding the formation and development of the educational field. ; Proyecto de tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Sociales con Orientación en Educación. Director Silvio Claudio Suasnábar. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

The SudBiotech project is targeting PhD and Masters Programmes in Universities and Excellence Research Centres located in developing countries. It proposes an integrative and multidisciplinary approach under the form of a one-week discovery and training itinerary. SudBiotech is aimed at addressing various different fields of Plant Biotechnology, under the specific socioeconomic context of scientific communities from these countries. Our main goal is to train students, research staff, deciders, professionals and journalists to the basic knowledge underlying applications of plant biotechnologies, in order to both update the amount of knowledge which is requested at Master's level and to acquire a solid body of information which is indispensable for any decision making, in a field of research which is often the target of political, social and media-related pressure. The team of Professors involved in the project shares a strong experience in teaching and training in overseas French Speaking Universities (AUPELF-UREF projects in Marocco, Tunisia, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, TEMPUS Programme in Lebanon, AUF-Actions de Recherche en Réseau in Benin). The team is composed of senior scientists acting in various complementary fields, namely: Biochemistry/Physiology (A. Nato), Plant Breeding/Molecular Biology (Y. Henry), Tropical Agriculture/Epigenetics (A. Rival). Thanks to these complementarities, SudBiotech is able to propose a training itinerary which is diversified and integrated, covering areas from the plant cell and its original potentialities to the most recent industrial applications of plant biotechnologies (GMOs), their public acceptance in developing and emerging nations and their applicability to tropical plant commodities. The training offer is amplified and enriched through the active role of local research and training staff, who are encouraged to actively participate in the SudBiotech project under various forms including lectures, field visits, practical sessions, etc. SudBiotech relies on original research results, which support and illustrate the various different basic notions evoked during lectures. The case of the bio-production of high added value pharmaceutical products by genetically engineered cells or plants under confined condition is a good example of this integration. Our priority is to establish a long-term, continuous system for training and capacity building, based on appropriate tools for scientific communities in developing and emerging countries: training of PhD students, job opportunities in their native country/region, overseas training, access to scientific information and literature and access to funders and international networks. It is important to note that any training material which is produced under the framework of SudBiotech is graciously given without any Intellectual Property Rights to partner institutions, in order to constitute a local basis for training in Plant Biotechnologies in beneficiary countries.

Reprint Address: Rival, A (reprint author), Cirad BioS, UMR DIAPC, Ctr IRD, F-34394 Montpellier 15, France ; International audience ; The SudBiotech project is targeting PhD and Masters Programmes in Universities and Excellence Research Centres located in developing countries. It proposes an integrative and multidisciplinary approach under the form of a one-week discovery and training itinerary SudBiotech is aimed at addressing various different fields of Plant Biotechnology, under the specific socioeconomic context of scientific communities from these countries. Our main goal is to train students, research staff, deciders, professionals and journalists to the basic knowledge underlying applications of plant biotechnologies, in order to both update the amount of knowledge which is requested at Master's level and to acquire a solid body of in formation which is indispensable for any decision making, in a field of research which is often the target of political, social and media-related pressure. The team of Professors involved in the project shares a strong experience in teaching and training in overseas French Speaking Universities (AUPELF-UREF projects in Marocco, Tunisia, Togo, Cote d'Ivoire, TEMPUS Programme in Lebanon, AUF-Actions de Recherche en Restart in Benin). The team is composed of senior scientists acting in various complementary fields, namely Biochemistry/Physiology (A Nato), Plant Breeding/Molecular Biology (Y Henry), Tropical Agriculture/Epigenetics (A Rival). Thanks to these complementarities, SudBiotech is able to propose a training itinerary which is diversified and integrated, covering areas from the plant cell and its original potentialities to the most recent industrial applications of plant biotechnologies (GMOs), their public acceptance in developing and emerging nations and their applicability to tropical plant commodities. The training offer is amplified and enriched through the active role of local research and training staff; who are encouraged to actively participate in the SudBiotech project under various forms including lectures, field visits, practical sessions, etc. SudBiotech relies on original research results, which support and illustrate the various different basic notions evoked during lectures. The case of the bio-production of high added value pharmaceutical products by genetically engineered cells or plants under confined condition is a good example of this integration. Our priority is to establish a long-term, continuous system for training and capacity building, based on appropriate tools for scientific communities in developing and emerging countries training of PhD students, job opportunities in their native country/region, overseas training, access to scientific information and literature and access to funders and international networks. It is important to note that any training material which is produced under the framework of SudBiotech is graciously given without any intellectual Property Rights to partner institutions, in order to constitute a local basis for training in Plant Biotechnologies in beneficiary countries.

In an age of globalized language, minority languages are under threat of annihilation. Almost one-third of the global population is competent in English to varying degrees. Historically, the movement of the language can be traced through the voyages of exploration to the Americas, Asia, and the Antipodes, followed by the nineteenth-century British colonial expansion in Africa and the South Pacific. This was followed by mass European emigration to the 'melting-pot' nations which hosted multilingual, multicultural and multiracial populations brought together by the use of the English language as official or semi-official language. The use of English in the USA, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada has further contributed to the global spread of English which is represented in every continent. The fact that the USA and Britain are, politically, two highly influential nations, and that the media and technology industries, as well as the entertainment industry, all function in English have effectively made English, in its many varieties, the most used medium of communication on a global level. One of the implications of the power exerted by the English language is that it poses a threat to the survival of minority languages that live side by side with English. The fear of language-loss is a very real one; David Crystal estimates that "at least 50 per cent of the world's 6,000 or so having languages will die out within the next century." Among the concrete moves to counter this trend is the European Union's stance in using its members' national languages and in actively protecting minority languages spoken in the Union, recognizing them as the unique cultural artifacts and means of cultural expressions that they indeed are. It is against this background that we are to consider the particular case of Malta's national language. A national language is clearly a depository of a particular nation's memory and experience of the world through time. It bears traces of the attitudes of its inhabitants, of its history, as well as of its particular climatic and social environment, which are reflected in its vocabulary, its expressions, and even its verb-structure. It is easy, therefore, to revere a nation's language as a prized possession, and to regard the use of the language as the epitome of what it means to belong to a particular culture. A frequently recurring notion in postcolonial writing is the desire, more often seen as a right, to be allowed to speak one's own native language. Yet this feeling is neither universal nor historically consistent. In fact, the specific historical case of language-choice and language-use in Malta in the nineteenth century, described in this essay, seems to fly in the face of this norm. ; peer-reviewed

Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist, den Tatbestand der fortgesetzten Gewaltausübung (§ 107b StGB) von allen Seiten eingehend zu beleuchten und darzustellen. Bevor dies allerdings geschieht, wird auf die Problematik der häuslichen Gewalt eingegangen. Auch werden die Begriffe ?Gewalt? und ?häusliche Gewalt? bzw ?Gewalt im sozialen Nahraum? definiert. Weiters werden die verschiedenen Gewaltformen, die Folgen von Gewalttätigkeiten, der Einfluss der Medien und die Kosten der häuslichen Gewalt aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird in diesem Kapitel ein Blick darauf geworfen, wie es sich mit Zahlen und Statistiken verhält.Der Hauptteil der Diplomarbeit widmet sich dem § 107b StGB. Zuerst wird die Entstehungsgeschichte erörtert und die endgültige Regierungsvorlage der Fassung des Ministerialentwurfs gegenübergestellt. Daraufhin werden die Tatbestandsmerkmale behandelt, wobei auch immer wieder ein Vergleich mit § 107a StGB gezogen wird. Anschließend werden die Ziele und die allgemeinen Merkmale dieses Paragraphen herausgearbeitet. Danach folgen die Abgrenzungen zu §§ 107a StGB, 108 StGB und 110 StGB und der Vergleich der Strafdrohungen des § 107b StGB mit denen anderer Tatbestände des StGB. Als nächstes wird auf die diversionelle Erledigung dieses Tatbestandes eingegangen. Dabei werden auch die allgemeinen Diversionsvoraussetzungen, die Weisungserteilung im Rahmen einer Probezeit (§ 203 StPO) und der Tatausgleich gem § 204 StPO dargestellt. Nachfolgend werden die finanziellen Auswirkungen und die praktische Relevanz, also wie viele Verurteilungen es auf Grund dieses Tatbestandes voraussichtlich geben wird, angeführt. Abschließend folgen eine kritische Würdigung, bei welcher auf jeden Kritikpunkt einzeln eingegangen wird ? dabei werden auch die positiven Aspekte erwähnt ? und das Fazit. ; The aim of this diploma thesis is to light up and represent the offence of continued use of violence (§ 107b StGB) from all sides in detail. Before this happens however, addresses the problem of domestic violence. Also the terms ?violence? and ?domestic violence? or ?violence in the social proximity? are defined. Further the different forms of violence, the consequences by acts of violence, the influence of the media and the costs of the domestic violence are pointed out. Finally a look is thrown in this chapter at how it behaves with numbers and statistics. The main part of this diploma thesis dedicates itself to the § 107b StGB. First the history of the origin is discussed and the final government bill of the version of the ministerial draft is confronted. Afterwards the elements of an offence are treated and also a comparison with § 107a StGB is drawn over again and again. Subsequently, the aims and general characteristics of this paragraph are worked out. Then follow the demarcations to §§ 107a StGB, 108 StGB and 110 StGB and the comparison of the punishing threats with those of other offences of the StGB. As the next it is addressed the diversionelle execution of this offence. Also the general conditions for diversion, the issue of instructions in the context of a trail period (§ 203 StPO) and the victim-offender mediation to § 204 StPO are represented. In the following the financial effects and the practical relevance, ie how many convictions there will be expected on grounds of this offence, are cited. Finally follow a critical assessment, with which each point of criticism is discussed separately ? also the positive aspects are mentioned ? and the conclusion. ; von Astrid Lang ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2009 ; (VLID)207993

Introduction All revolutions-including those described by political scientists as Color Revolutions-share certain regularities and development cycles; all of them resolve contradictions in systems that have fallen behind the times; and all of them create new contradictions as the revolutionary wave moves onward. The Rose Revolution in Georgia was spearheaded against Eduard Shevardnadze's regime, which political scientists described as a "crossbreed of democratic bureaucracy and oligarchy." The system built by the "father of Georgian democracy" turned out to be the worst example of a Soviet successor state: it was ineffective, lacked self-sufficiency, and failed to meet the basic needs of post-Soviet society. Today the Rose Revolution, which ushered in an era of Color Revolutions across the post-Soviet expanse, has become a target of scholarly studies. It can be scrutinized from different angles; I have posed myself the task of identifying the crucial features that created the genotype of power obvious at a certain development stage. I have undertaken to outline the psychological field in which the Georgian power culture was born. Did the revolution reflect the cultural-political needs of Georgian society? Whose interests did it promote? What is preventing and what is assisting the achievement of a national consensus? The Rose Revolution carried out under the slogan "Georgia without Shevardnadze" was obviously staged to remove the architect of the defective system best described as a "failed state" from power. It was "the birds of Eduard's nest," the young reformers who for some time served the democratization façade, who finally brought down the system. They struggled against the "dual world outlook" and the "policy of double standards," while social contradictions became more deeply entrenched, ethnopolitical conflicts continued to smolder, and partocracy usurped power based on property. Their efforts rallied all those displeased with the regime in a united "national movement" driven by a slogan that served the image of the younger part of the political elite. The rising generation of politicians skillfully tapped popular discontent with the Shevardnadze regime and the unfolding systemic crisis to escalate them into a revolution. Not only did the government's weakness help to keep the revolution peaceful. The democratic reforms and the relatively free media had already created a suitable climate and enabled the opposition to make use of the Rustavi-2 TV channel and the press to discredit the regime. The democratic opposition leaders were trained in Belgrade, where the potential of velvet revolutions was first put to the test. The globalization ideologists used the foundations and NGOs they set up to channel money for financing the revolution, bribing officials, and bringing the government to its knees.

Understanding al-Qaeda: History, Ideology, and Infrastructure is a critical analysis of the formation and evolution of the global terrorist organization commonly referred to as al-Qaeda. The work provides a foundation for understanding al-Qaeda's operations and organizational strategies by detailing its historical origins, ideological framework, and infrastructural installations. The thesis is divided into three segments, each containing two chapters. The first segment is devoted to a discussion of al-Qaeda's historical formation. The initial chapter relies on the investigation of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the hunt for terrorist Ramzi Yousef as a point of departure in understanding al-Qaeda. This chapter sheds light on missed opportunities to weaken the terrorist network and reveals that the 1993 bombers were connected to one another through their embrace of radical Sunni Islam and violent political objectives. The next chapter traces the major events in the life of Osama bin Laden, explaining the connection between the Soviet-Afghan War and the rise of al-Qaeda, as well as illustrating how al-Qaeda has evolved since its beginnings as Maktab al-Khadimat, the "Services Office." The second segment represents an analytical reflection on al-Qaeda's ideology. Its first chapter explains the discourses of al-Qaeda's key ideologues, analyzes cornerstone al-Qaeda statements, and depicts how bin Laden's ideology fits into the larger spectrum of Islamic radicalism. "Tracking the Appeal of Islamism" examines how al-Qaeda's ideology has resonated in the Middle East, addressing such issues as political and economic instability in the Arab world, the popularity of bin Laden as a symbol of resistance, and al-Qaeda's exploitation of media and Internet resources. The final segment of the thesis discusses al-Qaeda's infrastructure, thereby providing a glimpse of what goes on "inside al-Qaeda." Its first chapter focuses on the recruitment and training of jihadists, answering the question, "Who joins the jihad and why?" The concluding chapter of the thesis tackles the debate on al-Qaeda's structure, arguing that the terror group should be understood as a social network, rather than as an organization. This final chapter also provides commentary on counter-terrorism techniques, demonstrating the importance of cooperation within the international intelligence community and the need for policymakers to engage in a critical assessment of al-Qaeda's history and US foreign policy. The sources cited in the thesis are relevant to today's discussion of al-Qaeda; most have been published or updated after September 11, 2001. Please note that Arabic names and terms have been transliterated in a manner that preserves accuracy as much as possible. A glossary is provided in the appendix to clarify the usage of these terms.

PurposeTo highlight the failure of the tsunami early warning system and the challenges of successfully responding to, and managing a transnational catastrophe of this nature. The paper also highlights unique challenges in the management of this catastrophe and suggests potential strategies for good disaster response and management in this response and beyond.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data collection was by telephone interviews with experts in the South and South‐East Asian region, supplemented by a comprehensive literature review of scholarly journals, reports from relief agencies and United Nations situation reports and bulletins amongst others. The scope of the paper is limited to the issue of a warning not been passed onto appropriate authorities in the region, the unique challenges of the relief response and the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the affected communities.FindingsFrom the study, there is a need for further investigation into the catastrophic warning failure; as reasons proffered by the early warning officials for their inability to pass on a warning to authorities in the affected area appear weak at this stage. The study also found unique geographical, political, economic and social challenges facing the international relief and reconstruction effort. Specifically some of the challenges include the management of the media and information, logistics and coordination, needs and damage assessment, donations and safety and security issues amongst others. In summary, the author found that there is also a need for foreign assistance agencies to be seen to be fair, to build trust and ownership of relief and reconstruction efforts amongst the local populace, as well as use local people as much as possible.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted only 21 days (three weeks) after the tsunami catastrophe of 26 December 2004, hence it is a snapshot of events in the days immediately after the catastrophe. The relief action is an on‐going event and there may be changes as new information emerges from the field.Practical implicationsA world wide network of integrated submarine earthquake and tsunami monitoring and early warning system should be set up. Critical warning information in any potential disaster should be shared as inclusively as possible. Relief workers must be seen to be politically and religiously neutral, especially in the civil conflicts of Banda Aceh Indonesia. Finally relief and aid should be given on the basis of sound humanitarian principles such as need, not just on wider economic criteria.Originality/valueThe study highlights specific potential challenges which relief organisations must deal with in responding effectively to the disaster, and in assisting to reconstruct the region. The paper proffers specific strategies for effective management of the international assistance effort. Finally, the study adds to the literature on developing countries and is valuable for governments, emergency and relief workers, policy makers in both developed and developing countries.

Background The tobacco epidemic is a global challenge demanding concerted global and national action. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) contains the blueprint for coordinated global action to address one of the most significant risks to health. However, national action is critical in order to attain the vision embodied in the WHO FCTC. Building national capacity to carry out effective and sustainable national tobacco control programmes is an urgent priority, and one of the most important measures required to combat the tobacco epidemic. The idea of developing this Handbook arose from the awareness that while various official WHO documents called upon countries to develop national capacity for tobacco control, there was no comprehensive publication to guide them through the process of developing such capacity. Conceived as a "How to" manual, the approach is intentionally pragmatic, addressing 'real world' issues and providing practical advice for setting up viable national tobacco control programmes. Overview The Handbook contains three main sections. The Introduction presents the evolving definition of "national capacity", identifies the types of capacities needed for effective tobacco control and outlines the key features of building capacity. Section 1 provides a descriptive overview of the tobacco epidemic. This section is divided into four chapters. These chapters address tobacco as a risk factor, presenting its health, social and economic costs; the global strategies of the tobacco industry to counteract public health measures; the scientific evidence for effective tobacco control interventions; and the WHO FCTC as a global solution to an epidemic with prominent politico-legal and socio-cultural attributes. Section 2 focuses on the fundamental capacities necessary to empower countries to control the tobacco epidemic successfully. These chapters apply the lessons learned from the experiences of different countries and offer advice and suggestions to enable countries to put the theories of tobacco control into practice. This section begins with the development of a national plan of action as the foundation for successful tobacco control at the country level. It addresses the other important elements in national capacity-building, including establishing an effective infrastructure for a national tobacco control programme, training and education, raising public awareness through effective communications and media advocacy, programming specific tobacco control activities, legislative measures for tobacco control and exploring economic interventions and funding initiatives. Finally, chapters on countering the tobacco industry, forming effective partnerships, monitoring and evaluating progress, and exchanging information and research provide valuable insights to improve tobacco control capacity. By sharing lessons learned from different countries and utilizing numerous examples, it is hoped that this Handbook will assist and inspire national governments to take on the challenge of reducing tobacco consumption and the related mortality and morbidity.

Correspondence and printed material, as well as minutes and agendas, financial records, legal records, photographs, audio-visual records, and artifacts including textiles, 1974-2006 (bulk 1982-2006), document the legislative, organizational, advocacy, and educational work of Georgians for Choice to preserve reproductive choice in the state. Reference material documents legal issues, legislation, and various other organizations representing pro-choice and pro-life viewpoints. The Georgians for Choice records also contain materials relating to the administration, fundraising, and manangement of the coalition-based non-profit. ; Formed in 1986, Georgians for Choice brought together 16 women's organizations in an effort to greater impact the protection and expansion of women's reproductive freedom in Georgia. Over time, Georgians for Choice grew to become to a 45 member coalition. Membership in Georgians for Choice was open to any organization supporting the coalition's mission and goals. Each organization paid a membership fee based on its total budget. However, no organization was denied membership due to an inability to pay dues. Additional financial support for the coalition came from special events, individual donations, organizational donations (special appeals), and foundations. Georgians for Choice strove for diversity in both its membership and leadership, and in its selection of its steering committee, worked to ensure that members represented varied geographic regions and included women of color, organizations of faith, social services, the women's legal community, health care providers, educational organizations, and gay and lesbian organizations. Serving as a clearinghouse for members, Georgians for Choice functioned as a centralized source for media referrals; had a video library on women's reproductive health issues; provided timely information on state and national legislation; provided a quarterly newsletter with state, regional, and national events; provided speakers for panels and forums; monitored clinic violence; provided clinic escorts and training; testified before state legislative committees; and conducted in-district and Washington meetings with members of Congress. GFC invested a great deal of energy in its Candidate Report Card, which provided voters with information on national, statewide, and local candidates for public office and their positions on reproductive rights. It also helped connect women seeking reproductive services to care providers who offered family planning, abortion, pregnancy care, adoption services, and financial assistance. In 2008 Georgians For Choice changed its name to SPARK Reproductive Justice NOW and its mission to ""collaborate with individuals and communities to build and sustain a powerful reproductive justice movement in Georgia by developing and sharing a radical analysis in order to shift culture; mobilizing in response to immediate threats and; organizing for long term systemic change."" ; Personally identifiable information has been redacted from this item.

Hakutermit: information society, right to communicate, freedom of information This thesis explores the concept of the right to communicate and provides an update on its development. The concept was first introduced in 1969 by arguing that there is a need for a new human right to communicate. Since then, academics, professionals and politicians have attempted to provide a definition and a declaration for the concept. This has proved an arduous task and even today there is little agreement on how the right to communicate is to be understood. The aim of this study is to explore the different definitions of the right to communicate since the emergence of the concept and bring the debate to the 21st century. The concept has become a debated issue again in connection to the development of an information society. The framework of the study is human rights and international law. It was found in this study that the framework of the debate has changed, but its surrounding issues and controversies remain. Essentially, the idea that a new human right should be added to the existing catalogue of human rights provokes the underlying, often oppositional viewpoints of the relation of the right to communicate to freedom of expression which is seen, particularly by the press freedom community as an absolute freedom that should not be limited. Furthermore, a strong view is advocated that because even the existing information rights are not fully realized, a new right should not be developed. An analysis of how the issue of communication rights was approached in the World Summit on the Information Society suggests that on certain controversial issues, the debate has not moved beyond the previous debate on NWICO in the 1980s even if the framework of the debate is different with the prospect of globalisation, global civil society and information society. The right to communicate is a topical issue because of growing unease about widening digital divide, concentration of media ownership and generally the democratic deficit in the social structures which the emergence of the Internet has highlighted. The setting for the development of a human right to communicate is promising: the evolving relationship between sovereignty and human rights, and the developments in international law together with the increasing civil society action, suggest that the right to communicate is a concept in progress. However, to reach a consensus on an international statement on communication rights is very difficult as this study indicates. Furthermore, an agreement or even a declaration does not guarantee realisation. Therefore, a firm basis that a right to communicate is a matter of international law, not a mere moral claim, needs to be established in the future.

Estudiar el retraso escolar para analizar las causas y factores más influyentes; y para ver su reflejo en el espacio urbano. De los 14.366 alumnos de BUP y FP en Alcorcón, se seleccionan a 390 para el estudio pero finalmente las encuestas las realizan 223 alumnos, de los que 157 son de BUP y 66 de FP. Se estudia la evolución reciente de la población de Alcorcón con sus tasas de natalidad, la tasa de jóvenes entre 14 y 19 años, y el fenómeno migratorio; y la estructura familiar, su nivel socio-profesional y de instrucción. También se analiza el mapa escolar de Alcorcón en 1991-92 con su marco legislativo. Y por último, se desarrolla el trabajo de campo para estudiar el fracaso escolar de las enseñanzas medias. Datos oficiales de los centros del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia y los cuestionarios con 71 preguntas que se realizan en siete centros de BUP y FP, públicos y privados. Se ha utilizado el método pretest postest. Para los primeros tests, se utiliza una muestra similar a la del estudio definitivo, 32 estudiantes de BUP y FP de Leganés. Para la selección de la muestra definitiva se ha utilizado un método probabilístico de estratificación proporcional entre BUP-FP y centros privados-públicos. Los programas informáticos utilizados son DBASE III, Excell, Harvard Graphics, análisis estadísticos SPSS, SIG (ARC-INFO y ATLAS-GIS) y Word 97. Alcorcón es un municipio de la periferia sur de Madrid cuya población procede fundamentalmente de la inmigración rural de los años 60 hasta los 80, con una ligera recuperación desde 1986 con los nuevos inmigrantes procedentes de Madrid capital. En 1991 esta población produce una fuerte demanda educativa, especialmente en enseñanzas medias. El fracaso escolar de Alcorcón es inferior a la media del territorio MEC y al de los municipios circundantes, siendo muy similar al existente en Madrid capital. Dicho fracaso es mayoritario en los centros públicos, en FP, en los primeros cursos y en los hombres. Las causas principales están directamente relacionadas con el nivel sociocultural y económico-profesional de los padres, salvo excepciones. A ello se unen hechos como la deficiente accesibilidad de los centros públicos, la baja motivación del alumnado hacia el estudio, especialmente en FP, la mayor variedad social de la matrícula de los institutos públicos, el escaso número de horas diarias de estudio de los alumnos, el tamaño de la familia, las relaciones familiares insatisfactorias y las características del uso del tiempo libre. ; Madrid ; ESP

Estudiar el retraso escolar para analizar las causas y factores más influyentes; y para ver su reflejo en el espacio urbano. De los 14.366 alumnos de BUP y FP en Alcorcón, se seleccionan a 390 para el estudio pero finalmente las encuestas las realizan 223 alumnos, de los que 157 son de BUP y 66 de FP. Se estudia la evolución reciente de la población de Alcorcón con sus tasas de natalidad, la tasa de jóvenes entre 14 y 19 años, y el fenómeno migratorio; y la estructura familiar, su nivel socio-profesional y de instrucción. También se analiza el mapa escolar de Alcorcón en 1991-92 con su marco legislativo. Y por último, se desarrolla el trabajo de campo para estudiar el fracaso escolar de las enseñanzas medias. Datos oficiales de los centros del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia y los cuestionarios con 71 preguntas que se realizan en siete centros de BUP y FP, públicos y privados. Se ha utilizado el método pretest postest. Para los primeros tests, se utiliza una muestra similar a la del estudio definitivo, 32 estudiantes de BUP y FP de Leganés. Para la selección de la muestra definitiva se ha utilizado un método probabilístico de estratificación proporcional entre BUP-FP y centros privados-públicos. Los programas informáticos utilizados son DBASE III, Excell, Harvard Graphics, análisis estadísticos SPSS, SIG (ARC-INFO y ATLAS-GIS) y Word 97. Alcorcón es un municipio de la periferia sur de Madrid cuya población procede fundamentalmente de la inmigración rural de los años 60 hasta los 80, con una ligera recuperación desde 1986 con los nuevos inmigrantes procedentes de Madrid capital. En 1991 esta población produce una fuerte demanda educativa, especialmente en enseñanzas medias. El fracaso escolar de Alcorcón es inferior a la media del territorio MEC y al de los municipios circundantes, siendo muy similar al existente en Madrid capital. Dicho fracaso es mayoritario en los centros públicos, en FP, en los primeros cursos y en los hombres. Las causas principales están directamente relacionadas con el nivel sociocultural y económico-profesional de los padres, salvo excepciones. A ello se unen hechos como la deficiente accesibilidad de los centros públicos, la baja motivación del alumnado hacia el estudio, especialmente en FP, la mayor variedad social de la matrícula de los institutos públicos, el escaso número de horas diarias de estudio de los alumnos, el tamaño de la familia, las relaciones familiares insatisfactorias y las características del uso del tiempo libre. ; Madrid ; ESP

The effects of the react catastrophe in Chernobyl hit White Russia to a particularly great extent. Practically one quarter of the country is regarded as being radioactively contaminated. According to estimates made by Japanese experts, the damage and the losses enforced on White Russia by Chernobyl amount to approximately 171 billion dollars. This corresponds with approximately the size of 60 annual budgets of the Republic of White Russia and constitutes a severe economic, social and ecological burden for the country - in addition to the common burdens which all Eastern European states are forced to deal with as a result of the processes of transformation. The radioactive contamination of the soil, which will hardly change in the long term, is the most severe problem regarding its economic usability and other functions (habitat for plants and animals), a filter body for ground water, etc.). Additionally, it is a continual source for the secondary transfer of radioactive substances from the soil to the other environmental media and the food-chain. The radioactive contamination of the atmosphere and the waters, in some cases even in the flora and fauna, has dropped considerably since 1986. However, in certain seasons, increases of a more or less severe nature do occur due to the secondary substance migration from the soil or from the vegetation layer closest to the soil. This leads to the transportation of the radionuclides even beyond the boundaries of the primarily contaminated areas. The areas that are affected by this catastrophe include natural regions with, in comparison to the rest of the country, good to very good ecological qualities and potential, but whose utilisation is now limited. Some of these areas were marked by considerable pollution, even before 1986. Of course, this fact only serves to make the problem even more drastic. Increasingly, in the last few years -also in the Ukraine and Russia- tendencies have become noticeable which, due to the economic situation, will lead to a revision of the agreed political guidelines and safety-orientated restrictions to the residence and economic exploitation in the radiocatively contaminated regions. In addition to the health risks facing the affected population, the re-utilisation of regions suffering from a relatively severe radioactive contaminat ion induces the danger of an increased release and regional and cycle-related migration of radionuclides. Despite a reasonable, controlled revival of the land utilisation in those areas affected to a lesser extent by the contamination, the primary alternative should be sought in the development of the future-orientated, natural potentials of other regions which were unaffected by the contamination, i.e. in the Northern regions of the country (Oblast Vitebsk), incorporated in long-term regional politics, taking into account future requirements and prognosed demographic developments in White Russia.

Includes the following reviews:
pp. 177-180. Tom Lundskær-Nielsen. Ljungs, M. & Ohlander, S., Gleerups engelska grammatik.
pp. 180-182. David Isitt. Oakland, J., British Civilization: An Introduction. + MacQueen, D., Americal Social Studies: A University Primer. + Lundén, R. & Srigley, M. (eds.), Ideas and Identities: British and American Culture.
pp. 182-183. Jeremy Lane. Watson, G., British Literature since 1945.
pp. 183-184. Alistair Davies. Katz, W. & Sternberg Katz, L. (eds.), The Columbia Granger's Guide to Poetry Anthologies.
pp. 184-185. Bertil Nolin. Barker, H., Collected Plays, Vol I *Seven Lears; The Pursuit of Good; Golgo: Sermons on pain and privilege *Arguments for a Theatre.
pp. 185-186. Alvar Ellegård. MacQueen, D.S., Using Numbers in English.
pp. 187-189. Maria Holmgren Troy. Duff, A. & Maley, A., Literature. + McRae, J. & Pantaleoni, L., Chapter & Verse.
pp. 189-190. Elleke Boehmer. Grandqvist, R. (ed.), Signs and Signals: Popular Culture in Africa.
pp. 190-192. Gunnar Bergh. Bell, A., The Language of News Media.
pp. 193-194. Patrick Burke. Jarringron, J.P. (ed.), Modern Irish Drama.
p. 194. Göran Kjellmer. Crystal, S. (series editor), Penguin English Linguistics, Vols. 1-5-
p. 195. Helena Bergmann. Bradbury, M. & Cooke, J. (eds.), New Writing.
pp. 196-198. Birgit Stolt. von Polenz, P., Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Bd. I. Einführung. Grundbegriffe. Deutsch in der frühbürgerlichen Zeit.
pp. 198-200. Gustav Korlén. Paul, H., Deutschen Wörterbuch. 9. Aufl.
pp. 201-203. Gunnar Magnusson. Linke, A., Nussbaumer, M. & Portmann, P.R., Studienbuch Linguistik.
pp. 204-205. Folke Freund. Helbig, G., Deutsche Grammatik. Grundfragen und Abriß.
pp. 205-208. Frank-Michael Kirsch. Malchow, H. & Winkels, H. (Hrsg.), Die Zeit danach. Neue deutsche Literatur.
pp. 208-210. Christa Grimm. Frisch, C., "Geniestreich". "Lehrstück", "Revolutionsgestammel". Zur Rezeption des Dramas "Marat/Sade" in der Literaturwissenschaft und auf den Bühnen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und Schwedens.
pp. 210-212. Göran Bornäs. Blinkenberg, A. & Høybye, P., Dansk-fransk ordbog.
pp. 212-217. Börje Schlyer. de Troyes, C., Le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot) *Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la Charrette *Le Conte du Graal ou le Roman de Perceval *Lancelot du Lac.
pp. 218-220. Ken Benson. Ciplijauskaité, B., La novela femenina contemporánea (1970-1985). Hacia una tipología de la narración en primera persona.
pp. 220-222. Kan Benson. Marful Amor, I., Lorca y sus dobles. Interpretación psicoanalítica de la obra dramática y dibujística.
p. 223. Redaktionsmeddelande/A Message from the Editors.