Suchergebnisse

180Relationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Treaty-making power France — French Constitution, Article 54 — Constitutional review of exercise of treaty-making power — Treaty on European Union, 1992 ("Maastricht Treaty") — Compatibility with French Constitution following enactment of Constitutional Amendment Law of 25 June 1992 — Negative vote on Treaty in popular referendum in Denmark — Whether affecting ratification procedure in other signatory States — Whether Constitutional Council should obtain opinion of experts or Community institutions concerning legal positionTreaties — Conclusion and operation — Constitutional limitations — Accession of France to Treaty on European Union, 1992 — Extension of powers of European Community — Compatibility with French Constitution — Extent of special constitutional amendments required prior to ratificationTreaties — Ratification — Multilateral treaties — Failure of one signatory State to ratify Treaty — Whether affecting ratification procedure in other signatory States — Whether a matter for constitutional law or public international law — The law of France

The Balkan question is both a historical and a political one. With the coming together of some European countries to form the European Union (EU); it became necessary for these countries to forge head both on the economic and the political fronts. This in essence has accentuated the gains made by these European countries but it has had its attendant ramifications. This notwithstanding, the idea of European integration on the principle of peace, common history, cultural and economic development cannot be fully realised since some sectors of Europe is neutral or isolated. The literature on the nature of such integrations especially the need for the integration of the Balkan regions should continue to be discussed and implemented. This paper however, looks at the literature from a social and political history point of view and projects the necessary turns that Europe has made and the need to come to a useful end in the discourse that leads us to observing or witnessing a united Europe whose socio-economic, political and military complex holds its own against the odds but also for the common good of humanity.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface* -- Chapter 1 -- William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-78) -- The Convention with Spain (House of Lords, March 8, 1738) -- The Defence of Weaker States (House of Lords, January 22, 1770) -- Chapter 2 -- Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) -- The Partition of Poland (House of Commons, April 25, 1793) -- The Prussian Subsidy (House of Commons, February 5, 1795) -- Grant to the Emperor of Germany (House of Commons, February 17, 1800) -- Chapter 3 -- William Pitt (1769-1806) -- Overtures of Peace with France (House of Commons, February 3, 1800) -- Chapter 4 -- George Canning (1770-1827) -- Negotiations Relative to Spain (House of Commons, April 30, 1823) -- Chapter 5 -- Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) -- Portugal-Don Miguel (House of Commons, June 1, 1828) -- Belgium (House of Commons, July 16, 1832) -- Russian Dutch Loan (House of Commons, July 20, 1832) -- Chapter 6 -- Lord John Russell, Afterwards Earl Russell (1792-1878) -- The Annexation of Cracow (House of Commons, March 4, 1847) -- Chapter 7 -- Viscount Palmerston (1784-1865) -- The Polish Question (House of Commons, March 1, 1848) -- Chapter 8 -- Henry, Lord Brougham (1778-1868) -- Italian Affairs (House of Lords, July 20, 1849) -- Chapter 9 -- Earl Russell, Previously Lord John Russell (1792-1878) -- Denmark and Germany (House of Lords, June 27, 1864) -- Chapter 10 -- Lord Stanley, Afterwards Earl of Derby (1826-93) -- Austria and Prussia (House of Commons, July 20, 1866) -- Chapter 11 -- John Bright (1811-89) -- Principles of Foreign Policy (Birmingham, October 29, 1858) -- Chapter 12 -- William Ewart Gladstone (1809-98) -- The Neutrality of Belgium (House of Commons, August 8 and 10, 1870) [By Kind Permission of Mr. H.N. Gladstone and Messrs. Wyman & Sons, Ltd.] -- Right Principles of Foreign Policy (West Calder, Midlothian, November 27, 1879)

The EU membership negotiations of Iceland (2009–2013), suspended sine die by Reykjavik after the parliamentary elections to the Althingi in the spring of 2013, were commonly assessed as unsuccessful mainly due to specificities of Iceland as a Nordic country, wary of the European integration and whose economic interests were hardly in line with relevant EU legislation. The present article tries to balance the picture insofar as it concentrates on the conduct of the accession process of Iceland to the EU seen from the 'Brussels' side, and tries to answer if the process was conducted by the EU with enough leadership and energy. It also gives some recommendations as to a possibility to relaunch the process.

"Social Media and Foreign Policy" published on by Oxford University Press.

AbstractThis paper analyzes what the geoeconomic tools of the European Union (EU) and China are and examines their nature from a comparative perspective. To this end, a literature review is conducted, accounting for the tools known as geoeconomic, and this is complemented by a content analysis of official documents, which include lesser‐known geoeconomic tools. The results indicate that although a similar number of geoeconomic tools have been identified, their salience and nature vary. While the EU's usage of these tools has lately been reactive to external developments and is not very often researched by academics, the Chinese usage takes a proactive stance. The paper concludes by pointing out that the development and relevance of these tools mirrors the systemic rivalry between the EU and China and indicates the geoeconomic shift that is taking place in international relations. Similarly, it also shows that the literature does not address all the geoeconomic tools there are and therefore this paper contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive list of the instruments mentioned.

Starptautiskā tirdzniecība vēsturiski ir spēlējusi izšķirošo lomu valsts izaugsmē, attīstībā un ekonomiskajā stabilitātē. Tas lielā mērā attiecas arī uz Latviju. Maģistra darbs apraksta Latvijas ārējās tirdzniecības attiecības ar tās partnervalstīm un Latvijas līdzdalību Eiropas Savienības tirdzniecībā. Galvenais darba tēmas "Latvijas ārējā tirdzniecība un tās vieta Eiropas Savienībā" mērķis ir raksturot Latvijas ārējo tirdzniecību un tās lomu Eiropas Savienībā, laika periodā no 2000. gada līdz 2006.gadam un noteikt Latvijas ārējās tirdzniecības vietu Eiropas Savienībā un atklāt iespējamās perspektīvas un iespējas eksporta attīstībai. Mērķa sasniegšanai tiek analizēti ārējās tirdzniecības teorētiskie pamatprincipi, liekot uzsvaru uz mazo valstu ar atvērtu ekonomiku lomu starptautiskajā ekonomikā. tiek analizēta Latvijas ārējās tirdzniecības dinamika, tās struktūra periodā no 2000.gada līdz 2006.gadam un noteikts Latvijas ārējās tirdzniecības stāvoklis starp Eiropas Savienības valstīm. Darbā tiek izmantota statistiskā analīze, kā arī salīdzināšanas metode (izmantojot gan Latvijas, gan Eiropas Savienības statistiskos datus), lai dati būtu vieglāk uztverami darbā ir iekļautas 4 tabulas un 43 attēli. ; Historically, international trade has played a critical role in the ability of countries to grow, develop, and to be economically strong. This in large measure is related also to Latvia. The Master paper is about the trade relations in Latvia with its partner countries in foreign trade and Latvia's participation in the European Union trade. The main aim of the topic "Latvian Foreign Trade and its place in European Union" is to characterize Latvian foreign trade and its role in European Union in the 2000-2006 period, to discover export development possible perspectives. In order to achieve the aim was analyzed the theoretical literature on foreign trade, paying special attention to the place and role of small and open countries in the international economy, analyzed the dynamics of Latvia's foreign trade, its structure during the period 2000-2006 and evaluated Latvia's foreign trade position between European Union countries. Paper contains statistical analysis and comparison method (using both Latvian and European Union statistical data), it contains 4 tables and 43 graphs.

Based on a section of his forthcoming book entitled, "Survival is not enough."

IN RAISING THE ISSUE OF WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES ARE COMPATIBLE WITH THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT), SOME RECENT DECISIONS HAVE SOLIDIFIED MANY OF THE ISSUES AND CONCERNS THAT UNDERLIE THE "TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT" DEBATE. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THESE ISSUES AND CONCERNS, AS WELL AS TO ATTEMPT TO OFFER SOME MODEST PROPOSALS TOWARDS THE SOLUTION OF THE VARIOUS CONFLICTS THAT MAY ARISE BETWEEN FREE TRADE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. IT BRIEFLY DESCRIBES THE MAIN INSTITUTIONAL AND SUBSTANTIVE ASPECTS OF THE GATT, AS RECENTLY SUBSUMED BY THE WTO. THE COMPATIBILITY OF TRADE-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES WITH THE GATT/WTO FRAMEWORK ARE DISCUSSED, AS ARE THE IMPACT OF GATT/WTO RULES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND THE COMMUNICATION OF THE EU COMMISSION ON TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT.

This is the first comprehensive study of European foreign policy in this period. It is based on extensive and original interviews with Henry Kissinger among others and lots of new, previously unavailable primary sources. It addresses the very current issue of American-European relations.Europe's first attempts at a united foreign policy after 1969 were remarkably successful but by 1974 this brief moment of concord had vanished. Why were the EC countries able to speak with one voice in the early 1970s, what caused European Political Cooperation to plunge into crisis, and what consequences - sti