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The Fourth Session of mainland China's Seventh National People's Congress was held from 24 March to 9 April 1991. After examining the problems confronting the country as perceived by the NPC delegates, the article analyses the top level personnel changes that were affirmed at the NPC session and discusses aspects of the political work that the Chinese communists may undertake in the foreseeable future. (DÜI-Sen)

Over 50 experts in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) gathered at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, from September 19-21, to attend the 2003 PLA Conference. Cosponsored by the U.S. Army War College, the Heritage Foundation, and the American Enterprise Institute, the conference was titled "After the 16th Party Congress: The Civil and the Military."

The author states that Congress: The Electoral Connection by David Mayhew (New Haven, CT: Yale U Press, 1974) has stood the test of time. Mayhew's book & Congressmen in Committees by Richard F. Fenno (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973) have created a stimulating atmosphere for scholars, particularly rational choice theorists. 5 References. A. Funderburg

Examines involvement of staff in tasks of varying responsibility; some focus on the delegation of tasks on the basis of loyalty.

Studies have shown that a foreign policy position of a member of Congress is often distinct from a domestic one. Despite this, measures commonly used to determine the foreign policy positions of members of Congress are based on congressional votes on domestic as well as foreign policy matters. As foreign policy votes take up only a small portion of all congressional votes, these measures conflate a member's foreign policy position with his or her domestic policy position. While there are other measures based exclusively on foreign policy votes, these are also problematic because they tend to use a small number of controversial votes and thus inflate extremism. To address these shortcomings, I present a new measure by applying a Bayesian item response theory model to all foreign policy votes. This paper demonstrates the similarities, differences, and advantages of this measure by comparing it with the existing measures in a series of analyses of foreign policy positions of political parties and individual legislators.