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Impaired neuronal network function is a hallmark of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease and is typically studied using genetically modified cellular and animal models. Weak predictive capacity and poor translational value of these models urge for better human derived in vitro models. The implementation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) allows studying pathologies in differentiated disease-relevant and patient-derived neuronal cells. However, the differentiation process and growth conditions of hiPSC-derived neurons are non-trivial. In order to study neuronal network formation and (mal) function in a fully humanized system, we have established an in vitro co-culture model of hiPSC-derived cortical neurons and human primary astrocytes that recapitulates neuronal network synchronization and connectivity within three to four weeks after final plating. Live cell calcium imaging, electrophysiology and high content image analyses revealed an increased maturation of network functionality and synchronicity over time for co-cultures compared to neuronal monocultures. The cells express GABAergic and glutamatergic markers and respond to inhibitors of both neurotransmitter pathways in a functional assay. The combination of this co-culture model with quantitative imaging of network morphofunction is amenable to high throughput screening for lead discovery and drug optimization for neurological diseases. ; The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no. 115439, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. This publication reflects only the author's views and neither the IMI JU nor EFPIA nor the European Commission are liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work was supported by the University of Antwerp (WDV: TTBOF 29267), the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) (JK GM PV BB: no. 120511; JD WDV: no. 140775; PV WDV: no. 150003), by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) (MV: no. 11ZF116N) in Flanders and by the 7th Framework Program of the European Commission Marie Curie NAMASEN Network Grant no. 264872 (TO). The authors thank the Janssen Neuroscience department for scientific advice and helpful discussions and Andreas Ebneth for critical review of the manuscript.

Soil degradation can be driven by either natural or anthropogenic causes and it can have strong impacts on agricultural sustainability, environmental quality, social issues (poverty) and political aspects of human society. Restoration of degraded soils could be through the promotion of improved land use systems and conservation management practices, that can have win-win effects in terms of economic and environmental benefits, such as greater agro-biodiversity, improved conservation and environmental management, and increased carbon (C) sequestration. An alternative to improve soil quality is the application of biochar. The aim of this review was to analyze changes in the properties of soils amended with biochar, determining that the use of this product is a promissory alternative because it can improve some soil properties, such as increased pH in acidic soils, cation exchange capacity and porosity and decreased bulk density, while it can also act as a microhabitat to soil microorganisms. However, the effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has been not elucidated yet, with contradictory results depending on soil type and crop systems. ; La degradación de los suelos es el resultado de factores naturales y antropogénicos, causando un fuerte impacto sobre la sustentabilidad agrícola, la calidad ambiental y aspectos sociales (pobreza) y políticos de la sociedad humana. La recuperación de suelos degradados puede ser a través de la promoción de un adecuado uso del suelo y prácticas de manejo conservacionistas, generando efectos de ganancia-ganancia en térmicos económicos y beneficios ambientales, tales como mayor agro-biodiversidad, mejor conservación y manejo ambiental y el incremento del secuestro de carbono (C). Una alternativa para mejorar la calidad del suelo es a través de aplicaciones de biocarbón. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los cambios en las propiedades de suelos enmendados con biocarbón, determinando que el uso de este producto es una promisoria alternativa, porque puede mejorar algunas propiedades del suelo, como incrementos del pH en suelos ácidos, capacidad de intercambio catiónico y porosidad, y disminución de la densidad del suelo, mientras que también sirve como microhábitat para microrganismos del suelo. Sin embargo, el efecto sobre la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GHG) no ha sido dilucidado todavía, con contradictorios resultados dependiendo del suelo y sistema de cultivo.

Liberale Demokratie, Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Grundrechteschutz zählen zu den Grundprinzipien der Europäischen Union. Diese sind insbesondere in Artikel 2 des Vertrages über die Europäische Union festgeschrieben. Der Fall Ungarn zeigt jedoch, wie schnell die Dekonsolidierung europäischer Demokratien vonstattengehen kann, wenn gewisse Einflüsse zusammenspielen. In Ungarn erlangte das Wahlbündnis Fidesz-KDNP bei den Wahlen 2010 eine Zweidrittelmehrheit im Parlament, mithilfe derer es Ungarns verfassungsstaatliches, politisches und soziales System fundamental umgestaltete. Darüber hinaus kündigte Ungarns Premierminister Victor Orbán an, einen illiberalen ungarischen Staat auf der Grundlage nationaler Interessen errichten zu wollen. Der Fall Ungarn zeigt auch die eingeschränkte Handlungsfähigkeit sowie den mangelnden Willen der EU, sich in die internen Angelegenheiten von Mitgliedsstaaten einzumischen, die die Grundprinzipien der EU verletzen. Sollte die EU illiberalen Entwicklungen in Mitgliedsstaaten keine klaren Grenzen setzen, so könnten Verstöße gegen die Rechtsstaatlichkeit zunehmen. Wenn sich Abschottung, Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Rechtspopulismus in der EU weiter ausbreiten, und die EU keine nachhaltigen Lösungen für diese Probleme findet, könnte zudem der gesamte europäische Integrationsprozess in Frage gestellt wird. Der Fall Ungarn kann also als Test betrachtet werden, anhand dessen die EU zeigen kann und muss, dass sie fähig und gewillt ist, auf Verletzungen der eigenen Grundwerte angemessen zu reagieren. ; The European Union is founded on the principles of democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights, as stipulated in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union. However, the case of Hungary demonstrates how quickly the deconsolidation of European democracies can take place when certain influences converge. From the 2010 parliamentary elections onwards, Hungarys Fidesz-KDNP government has used its two-thirds majority in parliament to fundamentally transform the countrys constitutional, political and social system. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán even proclaimed that it is his intention to build an illiberal Hungarian state based on national interests. The case of Hungary also demonstrates the EUs limited will and capacity to intervene in the internal orders of member states that violate the EUs core principles. If the EU will not set clear limits to illiberal practices, other governments may step on the same path and rule of law violations may spread. When insularity, xenophobia and right-wing populism will gain further ground, and if the EU will not be able to come up with appropriate solutions for these pressing challenges, the entire process of European integration could be put into question. Hungary can therefore be seen as a test for the EU to prove that it is capable and willing to appropriately react to threats and breaches of its own founding values. ; Dominik Mayer, B.A. ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2016 ; (VLID)1664208

Amaro Rosales, M., Morales Sánchez, M. A. (2016). Sistema sectorial de innovación biotecnológica en México: análisis y caracterización de sus principales componentes. Redes, 22(42), 13-40. ; Con base en el concepto de sistema sectorial de innovación, en este trabajo se analiza la estructura del sector biotecnológico en México a través de los principales agentes que lo constituyen y sus interacciones. El principal objetivo es analizar las diversas interrelaciones y la dinámica en el proceso de desarrollo de diversos tipos de capacidades en el sector biotecnológico. Además de examinar el entramado institucional que da forma a la gobernanza del sistema. Los resultados de esta investigación permiten afirmar que México aún se encuentra en proceso de conformación de las políticas orientadas a la ciencia, tecnología e innovación en materia de biotecnología, y persisten problemas de coordinación entre los diversos niveles de gobernanza. No obstante, el país cuenta con determinadas características propicias para el desarrollo de capacidades en el sector. Las principales conclusiones se sustentan en la información disponible en bases de datos nacionales y en una serie de entrevistas realizadas a diversos agentes relacionados durante los últimos cinco años, entre los que se incluyen responsables de la política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación a nivel nacional, empresarios, investigadores, organismos intermediarios, encargados de oficinas de transferencia tecnológica y cámaras empresariales. ; Based on the concept of Sectoral Innovation System (SIS), the structure of the biotechnology sector in Mexico is analyzed through the central constituent agents and their interactions. The main objective is to analyze the different interrelations and dynamics in the process of developing various types of skills in the biotechnology sector. In addition to examining the institutional framework that shapes the governance of the system. The results of this research support the conclusion that Mexico is still in the process of shaping policies to science, technology and innovation (sti) in biotechnology and coordination problems persist among the various levels of governance. However, the country has characteristics conducive to the development of a capacity-prone system. The main conclusions are based on information available in national databases and a series of interviews has made during the last five years with various agents that belong to the system; including those responsible for STI policy nationally, entrepreneurs, researchers, intermediaries, personal in charge of technology transfer offices and chambers are included.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation and Entrepreneurship ; Innovation is informed by the ability to see connections, spot opportunities, and take advantage of them. However, innovation does not happen automatically; it is driven by entrepreneurship. This quote by Drucker highlights the impulse behind changing products, processes and services that stems from individuals who make innovation happen. Indeed, entrepreneurship has always been considered a constituent part of any innovative process and, as an extension, a crucial determinant of economic performance [2,3] Kirzner [3] identified the function of entrepreneurship as a market discovery process, which highlights the processes of recognition and discovery of underexplored opportunities, the propensity to assume risk and launch a new business, and the capacity entrepreneurs have to move from discovery to real entrepreneurial action. Therefore, one could define an entrepreneur as someone who sees an opportunity and has the ability to act on that perception [4,5]. However, entrepreneurship is not constrained to starting a company. It involves a mixture of vision, passion, energy, insight, judgement and the plain hard work needed for good ideas to become a reality. Moreover, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation can occur in a variety of settings, including small or large companies and governmental agencies. Whether it is an individual seeking to find a new product or service to make their fortune, or a large established organisation looking for new market space, the challenge is one of finding opportunities for innovation. Innovation makes a huge difference to organisations of all shapes and sizes. Those enterprises that survive do so because they are capable of regular and focused change [6,7]. New ventures that innovate are able to offer new or different goods or services to the market, enabling them to differentiate themselves from their competitors. When new ventures have this competitive advantage, it gives them an opportunity to attract new customers or retain the ones they already have. If entrepreneurs do not change what they offer the world and how they create and deliver it, they risk being overtaken by others who do. The papers in this Special Issue share a belief in the importance of innovation in entrepreneurship. The focus is on entrepreneurial innovators who forge new paths and break with accepted ways of doing business, creating new combinations that result in novel products, services, and operating practices.

The quest for natural resource-based industrialisation has continued in many countries, particularly in Sub Sahara Africa. Zambia, a resource rich country, mainly dependent on copper for its exports, has been trying to industrialise with limited success. Recently, there has been renewed emphasis on leveraging the growth recorded in the mining industry to develop other economic sectors. However, the focus of the discourse has mainly been on building effective fiscal linkages. In this thesis, I argue that beyond fiscal linkages, Zambia can develop the local manufacturing industry through backward linkages from mining to manufacturing given the huge manufactured input demand in the mining sector. I investigate factors driving linkage development and establish that government, lead mining companies, local manufacturing firms, private sector associations and donors all have roles to play in the process. While government has the responsibility of putting in place the appropriate policy and regulatory framework to encourage local procurement, as well as create a conducive environment for attracting investment and fostering development of manufacturing firms, lead mining firms could contribute by ensuring they make it easy and provide adequate procurement opportunities to local manufacturing firms. They could also contribute by using part of their profits to implement development activities and corporate social responsibility programmes geared towards building capacities of suppliers to meet their drivers of procurement decisions. Further, local manufacturing firms can play a role by adopting strategies that help them upgrade capabilities to meet the key supply requirements for the mining industry. Associations too can play a significant role. Among other things, the Zambia Chamber of Mines can contribute to this effort by ensuring that a common approach with regard to local procurement is adopted by the mining firms thus making easy for local manufacturers to do business with the mines. The Zambia Association of Manufacturers can play the role of policy advocacy, coordinate the response and engagement from the manufacturers as well as stage activities that facilitate the building of business relations with mining firms. Donors can work with government in improving the policy environment, support local companies' capacity upgrading efforts as well as work with associations in their advocacy and other activities geared towards increasing valued-added local procurement.

Shannon's entropy power inequality (EPI) can be viewed as a statement of concavity of an entropic function of a continuous random variable under a scaled addition rule: f (√a X + √1 - aY) ≥ af(X)+(1 - a)f(Y) ∀a ∈ [0,1]. Here, X and Y are continuous random variables and the function f is either the differential entropy or the entropy power. König and Smith [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 60(3), 1536-1548 (2014)] and De Palma, Mari, and Giovannetti [Nat. Photonics 8(12), 958-964 (2014)] obtained quantum analogues of these inequalities for continuous-variable quantum systems, where X and Y are replaced by bosonic fields and the addition rule is the action of a beam splitter with transmissivity a on those fields. In this paper, we similarly establish a class of EPI analogues for d-level quantum systems (i.e., qudits). The underlying addition rule for which these inequalities hold is given by a quantum channel that depends on the parameter a ∈ [0,1] and acts like a finite-dimensional analogue of a beam splitter with transmissivity a, converting a two-qudit product state into a single qudit state. We refer to this channel as a partial swap channel because of the particular way its output interpolates between the states of the two qudits in the input as a is changed from zero to one. We obtain analogues of Shannon's EPI, not only for the von Neumann entropy and the entropy power for the output of such channels, but also for a much larger class of functions. This class includes the Rényi entropies and the subentropy. We also prove a qudit analogue of the entropy photon number inequality (EPnI). Finally, for the subclass of partial swap channels for which one of the qudit states in the input is fixed, our EPIs and EPnI yield lower bounds on the minimum output entropy and upper bounds on the Holevo capacity. ; KA acknowledges support by an Odysseus Grant of the Flemish FWO. MO acknowledges financial support from European Union under project QALGO (Grant Agreement No. 600700) and by a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowhip (ECF-2015-256).

The abbey of la Casedieu (ca 1135-1790) was the first monastery of the premonstratensian order in Gascony and the head of a circarie in the south of France and the north of Spain. Archeological artefacts and original documents help to partly recreate the rich and complex history of a disappeared abbey which that has founded over thirty abbeys and prioriesThe written documentation also helps to reveal an extensive network of barns called granges, founded during the 12th and 13th century, thereafter converted into settlements called bastides or converted into rented lands (from 14th century). Premonstratensian also had two priories and an intricate network of churches and mills, which continued working up until the 18th century.Study of the bastides founded by the canons also shows their capacity for economic growth : they built « abbey houses » for commercial and residential use ; they tried to stop the settlement of mendicant orders.Likewise, the adaptation of the premonstratensian to the crises at the end of the Middle Ages help to understand the role of commendatory abbots, the setting up of the military defence of the abbey or the involvement in collegiale churches, before the destructions during the Religious wars. ; L'abbaye de la Casedieu (v. 1135-1790) a été le premier établissement de l'ordre prémontré en Gascogne et la tête d'une circarie éponyme dans le sud de la France et le nord de l'Espagne. L'archéologie du mobilier dispersé et l'étude documentaire permettent de restituer en partie l'histoire riche et complexe d'une grande abbaye disparue qui fonda une trentaine d'abbayes-filles et prieurés.La documentation écrite permet également de restituer un réseau dense de granges agricoles, formées aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles, qui ont évolué pour se transformer en bastides ou en terres affermées à partir du XIVe siècle. Les prémontrés disposaient également de deux prieurés-filles, d'un réseau d'églises paroissiales et de moulins qui fonctionna jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle.L'étude des bastides fondées par les prémontrés montre aussi la capacité d'évolution économique des chanoines, qui implantent des " maisons des abbés " à but résidentiel et commercial et tentent de s'opposer à l'installation des ordres mendiants.L'adaptation aux crises de la fin du Moyen Âge permet également d'observer le rôle, souvent positif, des abbés commendataires, la mise en défense militaire de l'abbaye ou encore la participation aux collégiales de bastides, avant les destructions des guerres de Religion.

19 páginas ; A partir de la performance Copistas desarrollada dentro de la investigación Las víctimas en el arte: procesos de visibilización y representación, de Juan Carlos Arias y José Alejandro López, de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, en 2016, se realiza un análisis discursivo de la "víctima" como sujeto jurídico en la Ley 1448 de 2011 de Colombia o Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras. El artículo sugiere que el significante "víctima" toma valor en la tensión entre: 1) un aparato de Estado de naturaleza jurídica y técnico-administrativa que produce un sujeto habilitado para ejercer ciertas prerrogativas de derecho; 2) modos de subjetivación individual y colectiva que se definen por el contexto de la situación victimizante, la capacidad psicosocial de elaboración del trauma y tácticas de construcción de agencia política; y 3) una máquina semiótica de regulación y normalización de las expresiones y formas narrativas a las que pueden recurrir las víctimas. Se concluye que la equivocidad y los usos estratégicos, ideológicos y políticos de la categoría de víctima son el resultado de procesos performativos que obligan a realizar una crítica situada de los modos en que se constituyen las víctimas del conflicto armado. ; Based on Copistas, a performance developed as part of "Victims in Art: Visibility and Representation Processes," a study conducted in 2016 by Juan Carlos Arias andcJose Alejandro Lopez of the Pontificia UniversidadcJaveriana, this article offers a discursive analysis of the "victim" as a legal subject in Colombian Law 1448/2011, which is also known as the Victims and Land Restitution Act. It suggests the meaning of "victim" acquires significance in the tension between: 1) a state apparatus of a legal and technical-administrative nature that produces a subject who is entitled to exercise certain legal prerogatives; 2) modes of individual and collective subjectivation that are defined by the context of the victimizing situation, the psychosocial capacity to produce trauma and the tactics to construct political agency; and 3) a semiotic mechanism to regulate and standardize the expressions and narrative forms to which victims can resort. The conclusion is that error and strategic, ideological and political uses of the "victim" category are the result of performative processes that require a critique of the ways in which the victims of armed conflict are constituted.

This report argues that Moldova's government could reduce fiscal risks to the economy by reducing the size of spending and improving its efficiency, making the tax system simpler, with fewer tax preferences, and strengthening the tax administration. After years of robust performance, in 2015–16 Moldova's public finances came under pressure. Fraud in the banking sector and economic recession have pushed up public debt, reducing fiscal space and undermining investor confidence. Grants from donors have fallen. Less revenue has forced the government into an ad hoc spending adjustment, with an abrupt reversal of the recent welcome trend of higher capital spending. The government could address these challenges along three dimensions: fiscal stance and sustainability, spending, and revenues. First and foremost, nonetheless, it should concentrate on gradually reducing current spending. As experience in other countries has demonstrated, fiscal consolidation based on spending cuts in a context and circumstances similar to these in Moldova, may yield better results than one based on tax increases. The first dimension to consider is safeguarding fiscal sustainability. The second dimension is reducing the size and improving the efficiency of spending. The third dimension is making the tax system simpler. Moldova collects more revenues than peer countries but also depends on external grants. As in most other Eastern European countries, the revenue structure is skewed toward taxes on goods and services (indirect taxes). Moldova's tax revenues have been declining as tax exemptions proliferated. While the tax administration has improved, continuing deficiencies in capacity and governance cannot deal with the problem of high informality. Moldova could make the tax system simpler, more efficient, and revenue-enhancing by reducing tax preferences, increasing the nontaxable amount of the personal income tax, improving property valuation, increasing excises, improving tax administration, reducing compliance costs, and simplifying the tax structure. Most importantly, the government needs to deal with tax expenditures, since tax initiatives over the last 15 years resulted in the adoption of a wide range of reduced tax rates and tax exemptions, with significant costs for the budget. In the short term, additional revenues might supplement expenditure cuts to safeguard fiscal sustainability. In the longer term, though, Moldova would need to find substitutes for external grants, so that they gradually become a relatively smaller source of revenues.

Background: Despite the health benefits of regular physical activity, most children are insufficiently active. Schools are ideally placed to promote physical activity; however, many do not provide children with sufficient in-school activity or ensure they have the skills and motivation to be active beyond the school setting. The aim of this project is to modify, scale up and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention previously shown to be efficacious in improving children's physical activity, fundamental movement skills and cardiorespiratory fitness. The 'Internet-based Professional Learning to help teachers support Activity in Youth' (iPLAY) study will focus largely on online delivery to enhance translational capacity. Methods/Design: The intervention will be implemented at school and teacher levels, and will include six components: (i) quality physical education and school sport, (ii) classroom movement breaks, (iii) physically active homework, (iv) active playgrounds, (v) community physical activity links and (vi) parent/caregiver engagement. Experienced physical education teachers will deliver professional learning workshops and follow-up, individualized mentoring to primary teachers (i.e., Kindergarten – Year 6). These activities will be supported by online learning and resources. Teachers will then deliver the iPLAY intervention components in their schools. We will evaluate iPLAY in two complementary studies in primary schools across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), involving a representative sample of 20 schools within NSW (1:1 allocation at the school level to intervention and attention control conditions), will assess effectiveness and cost-effectiveness at 12 and 24 months. Students' cardiorespiratory fitness will be the primary outcome in this trial. Key secondary outcomes will include students' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (via accelerometers), fundamental movement skill proficiency, enjoyment of physical education and sport, cognitive control, performance on standardized tests of numeracy and literacy, and cost-effectiveness. A scale-up implementation study guided by the RE-AIM framework will evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the intervention when delivered in 160 primary schools in urban and regional areas of NSW. Discussion: This project will provide the evidence and a framework for government to guide physical activity promotion throughout NSW primary schools and a potential model for adoption in other states and countries. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12616000731493 ). Date of registration: June 3, 2016. ; Other UBC ; Non UBC ; Reviewed ; Faculty

The article dwells on the possible consequences of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum for the functioning of English in the European linguistic environment. Brexit as a concentrated manifestation of the current European Union Crisis can adversly affect all spheres of social life of the Union, economy and politics, in particular. This in turn can raise fears that the use of English in the European Union will be limited,or that the language will even be eventually ousted from the European linguistic circulation. However the EU countries are integrated into the system of diverse international relations,with communications within this system being based on the use of English. Thus,if subjectively,formally the role of English can be restricted, objectively de facto, the language will preserve its impact and usage capacity in the European Union communication field. ; Освещаются возможные последствия референдума о выходе Объединенного Королевства из Европейского Союза для процесса функционирования английского языка в лингвистическом пространстве Европы. Брексит как концентрированное выражение общего кризиса Евросоюза способен оказать негативное влияние на все сферы социально-политической и экономической жизни ЕС. В связи с этим возникают обоснованные опасения, что права английского языка в лингвистической среде Евросоюза могут быть ограничены или он вообще может быть устранен из языкового обращения в Европе. Однако страны Евросоюза интегрированы в мировую систему самых разнообразных международных отношений, и коммуникационные связи в этой системе основываются именно на использовании английского языка. Поэтому если на субъективном, формальном уровне и возможно ограничение прав английского языка в ЕС, то на уровне объективном, фактическом он, безусловно, сохранит своё влияние и потенциал использования в коммуникационной сфере Евросоюза. ; Висвітлюються можливі наслідки референдуму про вихід Об'єднаного Королівства із Європейського Союзу для процесу функціонування англійської мови в лінвістичному средовищі Європи. Брексіт як концентрований вираз всебічної кризи Євросоюзу здатен справити негативний вплив на всі сфери соціавльно-політичного та економічного життя ЄС. У зв'язку із цим виникають обгрунтованi побоювання, що права англійської мови у лінгвістичному просторі Евросоюзу можуть бути обмежені, або вона взагалі може бути усунена із мовного обігу в Європі. Однак країни Євросоюзу інтегровані в систему найрізноманітніших міжнародних відносин, і комунікаційні зв язки у цій системі грунтуються саме на використанні англійської мови. Тому якщо на суб'єктивному, формальному рівні і можливо обмежити її права в ЄС, то на рівні об'єктивному, фактичному вона незаперечно збереже свій вплив та потенціал використання у комунікаційній сфері Євросоюзу.

A building prototype was built in the experimental set-up located in Puigverd de Lleida (Spain) to study the energy performance of a radiant wall with ventilated facade cooled with a ground coupled heat-exchanger. The installed geothermal heat pump operates only as a ground coupled heat exchanger on cooling mode, thus providing free-cooling. In this case, only the circulation pumps consume power. The summer experimental campaign showed the energy savings potential and the peak load shifting ability of the system. On continuous operation and taking as reference a cubicle equipped with a conventional air-to-air heat pump, the radiant wall cooled with the ground coupled heat-exchanger achieved savings up to 54.17% and 82.08% at set-point temperatures of 24 °C and 26 °C, respectively. The thermal storage capacity of the system was studied in night charging test, when the cubicles were pre-cooled during night-time. During the day, the temperature raise caused by heat loads was small and the system kept the temperature inside comfort range despite it only operated overnight. However, the performance was very sensitive to set-point temperature. Free-cooling was limited by the temperatures in the boreholes, showing that with lower set-points the gradient between supply temperature and room temperature was small, and thus it required a higher water flow to achieve the necessary cooling power. Intermittent operation of the system according to different schedules also affected the radiant walls performance as they interacted with the thermal inertia of the system, which could even have a negative impact on energy use. ; The work partially funded by the Spanish government (ULLE10-4E-1305, ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R(MINECO/FEDER), ENE2015-64117-C5-3-R (MINECO/FEDER)). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2014 SGR 123) and the city hall of Puigverd de Lleida. This projects has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under Grant agreement No. PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE) and from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 657466 (INPATH-TES) and from EEA-Grants under grant IDI-20140914. Alvaro de Gracia would like to thank Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad de España for Grant Juan de la Cierva, FJCI-2014-19940.

Background Social accountability has to be configured according to the context in which it operates. This paper aimed to identify local contextual factors in two health zones in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and discuss their possible influences on shaping, implementing and running social accountability initiatives. Methods Data on local socio-cultural characteristics, the governance context, and socio-economic conditions related to social accountability enabling factors were collected in the two health zones using semi-structured interviews and document reviews, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The contexts of the two health zones were similar and characterized by the existence of several community groups, similarly structured and using similar decision-making processes. They were not involved in the health sector's activities and had no link with the health committee, even though they acknowledged its existence. They were not networked as they focused on their own activities and did not have enough capacity in terms of social mobilization or exerting pressure on public authorities or providers. Women were not perceived as marginalized as they often occupied other positions in the community besides carrying out domestic tasks and participated in community groups. However, they were still subject to the local male dominance culture, which restrains their involvement in decision-making, as they tend to be less educated, unemployed and suffer from a lack of resources or specific skills. The socio-economic context is characterized by subsistence activities and a low employment rate, which limits the community members' incomes and increases their dependence on external support. The governance context was characterized by imperfect implementation of political decentralization. Community groups advocating community rights are identified as "political" and are not welcomed. The community groups seemed not to be interested in the health center's information and had no access to media as it is non-existent. Conclusions The local contexts in the two health zones seemed not to be supportive of the operation of social accountability initiatives. However, they offer starting points for social accountability initiatives if better use is made of existing contextual factors, for instance by making community groups work together and improving their capacities in terms of knowledge and information

RESUMEN La aparición pública de los sobrevivientes de los Centros Clandestinos de Detención se produjo durante la transición democrática, en el marco del Informe de la CONADEP y del Juicio a las Juntas. Sin embargo, esta porción de las víctimas de la represión ya había comenzado a elaborar y difundir los relatos del cautiverio clandestino en plena dictadura militar.El peso de la represión determinó que la producción testimonial de los sobrevivientes fuera fragmentaria y dispersa, lo que trajo aparejada la conformación de diversos circuitos testimoniales, tanto dentro como fuera del país.Este artículo examina los relatos de sobrevivientes elaborados en el seno de la Comisión Argentina de Derechos Humanos entre los años 1979 y 1983: la "serie CADHU". Producidos en el exilio, esos testimonios fueron una pieza central en la estrategia de denuncia del organismo ante la comunidad internacional.A partir del análisis de estos primeros testimonios de sobrevivientes nos proponemos repensar su rol en la lucha antidictatorial, al tiempo que reflexionar sobre la capacidad de esos relatos para producir imágenes y sentidos tempranos sobre la represión clandestina. Palabras clave: Dictadura, sobrevivientes, circuitos testimoniales, exilio, CADHU. ABSTRACT The public appeareance of the survivors of Clandestine Detention Centers took place during the democratic transition, in the context of the release of the CONADEP Report and the 'Trial of the Juntas'. However, this portion of the victims of repression had already begun to develop and disseminate narratives of clandestine captivity during the military dictatorship.The weight of repression determined that the testimonial production by the survivors was fragmentary and scattered, which brought about the formation of various testimonial circuits, both within the country and abroad.This article examines the testimonies of survivors produced within the Comisión Argentina por los Derechos Humanos (CADHU) between 1979 and 1983: the 'CADHU series'. Produced in exile, these testimonies were a key element in the organism's denunciation strategy before the international community.By analysing these first testimonies of survivors we intend to rethink their role in the struggle against dictatorship, and also think about the capacity of these narratives to produce early images and meanings about illegal repression. Key words: Dictatorship, survivors, testimonial circuits, exile, CADHU. Recibido: 3/2/2016Aceptado: 4/4/2016