Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter One Introduction -- Chapter Two Components of a Dynamic Programming Model -- Chapter Three Discrete States and Controls -- Chapter Four Likelihood Functions for Discrete State/Control Models -- Chapter Five Random Utility Models -- Chapter Six Continuous States, Discrete Controls -- Chapter Seven Econometric Framework for the Search Model -- Chapter Eight Exact Distribution Theory for the Job Search Model -- Chapter Nine Measurement Error in the Prototypal Job Search Model -- Chapter Ten Asset Markets -- Chapter Eleven Financial Options -- Chapter Twelve Retirement -- Chapter Thirteen Continuous States and Controls -- Chapter Fourteen Continuous-Time Models -- Chapter Fifteen Microeconomic Applications -- Chapter Sixteen Macroeconomic Applications -- Chapter Seventeen Finance Application: Futures Hedging -- Chapter Eighteen Intertemporal Asset Pricing -- Chapter Nineteen Dynamic Equilibrium: The Search Model -- Chapter Twenty Dynamic Equilibrium: Search Equilibrium Extensions -- Appendix Brief Review of Statistical Theory -- References -- Index

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INSTITUTIONS / Baland, Jean-Marie / Bourguignon, François / Platteau, Jean-Philippe / Verdier, Thierry -- PART 1. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, CLIENTELISM, AND INEQUALITY -- 1. At the Intersection: A Review of Institutions in Economic Development / Bó, Ernesto Dal / Finan, Frederico -- 2. Clientelistic Politics and Economic Development: An Overview / Bardhan, Pranab / Mookherjee, Dilip -- 3. Formal Institutions and Development in Low-Income Countries: Positive and Normative Theory / Torvik, Ragnar -- 4. Group Inequality in Democracies: Lessons from Cross-National Experiences / Somanthan, Rohini -- 5. Conflict and Development / Ray, Debraj / Esteban, Joan -- PART 2. INSTITUTIONS AND GROWTH -- 6. Institutions, Development, and Growth: Where Does Evidence Stand? / Durlauf, Steven N. -- 7. Finance, Institutions, and Development: Literature Survey and Research Agenda / Beck, Thorsten -- PART 3. TRADE, AID, AND MIGRATION -- 8. Trade-Related Institutions and Development / Melo, Jaime de / Olarreaga, Marcelo -- 9. Foreign Aid and Governance: A Survey / Bourguignon, François / Gunning, Jan Willem -- 10. Migration, Institutions, and Development / Munshi, Kaivan -- PART 4. FAMILIES, GENDER, AND CULTURE -- 11. Formal and Informal Market Institutions: Embeddedness Revisited / Fafchamps, Marcel -- 12. Culture, Institutions, and Development / Roland, Gerard -- 13. The Dynamics of Family Systems: Lessons from Past and Present Times / Guirkinger, Catherine / Platteau, Jean-Philippe -- 14. Gender Institutions and Economic Development / Klasen, Stephan -- PART 5. SECTORAL APPROACHES -- 15. Firms, Workers, and Labor Markets / Rasul, Imran -- 16. Institutions, Firm Financing, and Growth / Ayyagari, Meghana / Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli / Maksimovic, Vojislav -- 17. Institutions for Infrastructure in Developing Countries: What we know . . . and the lot we still need to know / Estache, Antonio -- 18. Education, Institutions, and Development / Bold, Tessa / Svensson, Jakob -- 19. Media as a Tool for Institutional Change in Development / Ferrara, Eliana La -- 20. Institutions, the Environment, and Development / Somanathan, E. -- Index

How the kibbutz movement thrived despite its inherent economic contradictions and why it eventually declinedThe kibbutz is a social experiment in collective living that challenges traditional economic theory. By sharing all income and resources equally among its members, the kibbutz system created strong incentives to free ride or—as in the case of the most educated and skilled—to depart for the city. Yet for much of the twentieth century kibbutzim thrived, and kibbutz life was perceived as idyllic both by members and the outside world. In The Mystery of the Kibbutz, Ran Abramitzky blends economic perspectives with personal insights to examine how kibbutzim successfully maintained equal sharing for so long despite their inherent incentive problems.Weaving the story of his own family's experiences as kibbutz members with extensive economic and historical data, Abramitzky sheds light on the idealism and historic circumstances that helped kibbutzim overcome their economic contradictions. He illuminates how the design of kibbutzim met the challenges of thriving as enclaves in a capitalist world and evaluates kibbutzim's success at sustaining economic equality. By drawing on extensive historical data and the stories of his pioneering grandmother who founded a kibbutz, his uncle who remained in a kibbutz his entire adult life, and his mother who was raised in and left the kibbutz, Abramitzky brings to life the rise and fall of the kibbutz movement.The lessons that The Mystery of the Kibbutz draws from this unique social experiment extend far beyond the kibbutz gates, serving as a guide to societies that strive to foster economic and social equality

Here is an indispensable text and reference book for anyone interested in a systems approach to environmental studies. It will be useful not only to geographers but also to ecologists and other environmental scientists; planners; economists and other social scientists; philosophers; and applied mathematicians.Bennett and Chorley's book has a number of broad aims: first, to employ the systems approach to provide an interdisciplinary focus on environmental structures and techniques; second, to use this approach to aid in developing the interfacing of social and economic theory with physical and biological theory; and third, to investigate the implications of this interfacing for human response to current environmental dilemmas, and hence to expose the technological and social bases of values which underlie our use of natural resources.Interpreting the "environment" so as to embrace physical, biological, man-made, social, and economic reality, the authors show that the systems approach provides a powerful vehicle for the statement of environmental situations of ever-growing temporal and spatial magnitude, and for reducing the areas of uncertainty in our increasingly complex decision making arenas.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905

AbstractIn the EU, territorial inequalities in terms of income and poverty have been broadly analysed at the national and regional levels. However, mainly due to the lack of reliable data, very little attention has been paid to territorial inequalities within European regions, namely, at a more local level, such as in metropolitan areas, cities or neighbourhoods. This paper proposes a methodology to disaggregate official regional poverty figures into poverty indicators for smaller spatial units, mainly local administrative units. For each country, poverty figures at the regional level from household surveys are combined with microcensus data that contain details on the local entities of residence to disaggregate the regional poverty indicator. In contrast to previous methodologies, our proposed technique guarantees consistency between the local poverty estimates and the regional poverty figures through a second step that adjusts the initial estimates based on generalized cross entropy. The procedure is applied for four European countries: France, Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal. The resulting local estimates provide an intraregional map of poverty and some insights into the particular behaviour of the capital regions and the disparities between city centres and their surrounding areas.

Die im Jahr 2000 wiederbegründete Ostafrikanische Gemeinschaft (East African Community – EAC), der inzwischen neben den Gründungsmitgliedern Kenia, Tansania und Uganda auch Burundi, Ruanda und Südsudan angehören, hat sich das ambitionierte Ziel einer politischen Föderation gesetzt. Zugleich sind in der Integrationspraxis jedoch weitreichende Implementierungsdefizite hinsichtlich des auf regionaler Ebene erlassenen Rechts zu beobachten. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht Johannes Döveling, ob und inwieweit das rechtliche Regelungsregime der Ostafrikanischen Gemeinschaft dazu beitragen kann, die Integrationsziele zu erreichen. Dabei berücksichtigt er auch ausgewählte europarechtliche Aspekte. Es tritt eine Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft zutage, die zwar der Europäischen Union ähnelt, allerdings keine nennenswerte Übertragung von Hoheitsrechten vorsieht und sich damit im Ergebnis eher als Plattform für intergouvernementale Kooperation zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten darstellt.

Although access to higher education has helped many minority ethnic men and women improve their labour market position compared to prior generations or the less qualified, it remains unclear to what extent higher level qualifications facilitate an equalization of labour market outcomes with comparably educated white UK born men and women. This article critically examines ethnic differences in graduate level over-education, unemployment and wages as potential markers of discrimination or broader 'ethnic penalties', defined as the differences in labour market outcomes persisting after accounting for observable human capital and demographic characteristics. To estimate ethnic penalties a novel approach using covariate matching is applied. The findings reveal that despite their levels of educational attainment penalties persist among several minority ethnic groups. The implications of pre-labour market social disadvantages for explaining patterns of over-education are highlighted. © The Author(s) 2012.

"In diesem Artikel wird anhand eines verbundenen administrativen Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer- Datensatzes aus Deutschland das Reallohnwachstum und die Karrieremuster von vollzeitbeschäftigten Geringverdienern zwischen 2001 und 2006 untersucht. Multivariate Modelle, die die Selektivität der Stichprobe berücksichtigen, zeigen den Einfluss von Personenmerkmalen und betrieblicher Heterogenität auf. Es existiert ein signifikantes Ausmaß von Aufwärts- und Abwärtsmobilität im Niedriglohnsektor, wobei die am schlechtesten bezahlten Geringverdiener ein höheres relatives Lohnwachstum aufweisen als die besserbezahlten. Die Mehrheit jener Geringverdiener, die bis 2004 aus dem Niedriglohnsektor aufgestiegen sind, befand sich zwei Jahre später immer noch in höher bezahlter Beschäftigung. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Aufwärtsmobilität von Geringverdienern kein lediglich temporäres Phänomen ist." (Autorenreferat)

This paper tests a series of prominent hypotheses regarding how institutions, geography, and trade interact to influence income per capita using a novel spatial econometric approach to control for both spillovers among neighboring countries and spatially correlated omitted variables. Simultaneous equations are used to identify alternative channels through which country characteristics might affect income through trade and institutions, and then to test the robustness of those effects. Evidence indicated that both institutions and trade influence growth. Geographical factors such as whether a country is landlocked and its distance to the equator influence income, but only through trade. Data covering 95 countries across the world from 1960 through 2002 was used to construct a pooled dataset of 5-year averages (9 in all) centered on 1960, 1965, and so on through 2000. Both limited and full information estimators, partly based on a generalized moments (GM) estimator for spatial autoregressive coefficients, were used. These allow for spatial error correlation, correlation across equations, and the presence of spatially lagged dependent variables. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP32 ; DSGD

"Provision of most public goods (e.g., health care, libraries, education, police, fire protection, utilities) can be characterised by a two-stage production process. In the first stage, basic inputs (e.g., labour and capital) are used to generate service potential (e.g., opening hours, materials), which is then, in the second stage, transformed into observed outputs (e.g., school outcomes, library circulation, crimes solved). As final outputs are also affected by demand-side factors, conflating both production stages likely leads to biased inferences about public productive (in)efficiency and its determinants. Hence, this paper uses a specially tailored, fully non-parametric efficiency model allowing for both outlying observations and heterogeneity to analyse efficient public good provision in stage one only. We employ a dataset comprising all 290 Flemish public libraries. Our findings suggest that ideological stance of the local government, wealth and density of the local population and source of library funding (i.e., local funding versus intergovernmental transfers) strongly affect library productive efficiency. (Author's abstract)

We focus on the role that the transmission of information between a multilateral (the IMF) and a country has for the optimal design of conditional reforms. Our model predicts that when agency problems are especially severe, and/or IMF information is valuable, a centralized control is indeed optimal. To the contrary, when local knowledge is more important than the agency bias we expect delegation to dominate. Controlling for economic and political factors, our empirical tests show that the number of IMF conditions is lower in countries with a greater social complexity, while it increases with the bias of the countries' authorities, openness, and transparency, consistently with the theory.