Suchergebnisse

Because of labor market shortages, the lack of attractiveness of government employment will have a major impact on the recruitment of employees for governmental organizations. In defining this attractiveness, we follow the lead of Herzberg and his intrinsic-extrinsic model of motivation. A three-factor solution is extracted from the factor analysis and used in explaining the attractiveness of an employer. When applied to public service employment, this model seems to lose some of its strength compared to private sector employment. Instead, affiliation with politics and policies explains a large part of the attractiveness of government as an employer. This conclusion suggests that the concept of public service motivation could be an important variable in the recruitment process.

This research investigated how changes in hammer handle angle and hammering orientation affected muscle fatigue in the forearm and subjective ratings of body discomfort. Forearm muscle fatigue and discomfort ratings were not significantly affected by handle angle, but they were significantly higher in the wall hammering orientation than in the bench orientation. The research in this article and in the companion article (Part I) reveal that for novices, hammers with handles angled in the range of 20-40 deg are advantageous because (1) they reduce ulnar deviation and may possibly decrease the incidence of hand/wrist disorders, and (2) they do not significantly affect hammering performance in the bench conditions, forearm muscle fatigue, or subjective ratings of body discomfort.

Purpose
Using the holistic approach to migrant exclusion, the purpose of this paper is to examine the refugee crisis as a preparation stage for future exclusion in the host countries. In previous migration analyses, the preparation stage involved only the country of origin, where people were becoming acclimatized to casual and low-status work and an ethos of survival. In the refugee crisis, this important stage spans across three spaces: the country of origin, Turkey as an intermediate stage and the hotspots of Greece.


Design/methodology/approach
This is a qualitative research that was based on 22 semi-structured interviews with refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan who live in the hotspot of Moria which is situated in Lesvos, Greece.


Findings
The research shows that in the first two countries of the preparation stage, refugees have become accustomed to casual and low-status jobs, which results in the loss of their labor identity and the development of instrumental work orientations. Similarly, the living conditions at the hotspots are so problematic that refugees are becoming desperate to escape this environment. These can have serious consequences for integration in the host countries, as refugees become pacified and at the same time strongly inclined to enter casual and low-status employment. Both developments can drastically undermine the refugees' relation to the societies of the host countries.


Originality/value
The paper suggests that, given the preparation stage in these three settings, migration policy in the host countries should focus on recognizing long marginalization processes, immediately decongesting the hotspots and pay particular emphasis on the acknowledgment or creation of skills that can distance refugees from casual and low-status work.

This paper looks at the orientations towards work found among computer programmers, a group that has received relatively little attention compared to that shown in clerks and others affected by automation. The range of orientations found among programmers in the study of a computer service bureau is presented, examining the nature and implications of this range, and the way it underlies the descriptive categories used in the bureau. At the same time, the advantages of looking at emergent explanatory dimensions are contrasted with the limitations of applying previously utilized theoretical frameworks in the study of technical specialists working in organizations.

Abstract.  We provide the first evidence on sexual orientation and economic outcomes in Canada using confidential data that ask adults a direct question about their sexual orientation. Gay men have 12% lower personal incomes and lesbians have 15% higher personal incomes than otherwise similar heterosexual men and women, respectively. Different labour force patterns can account for some of the income differentials. We also document large differences in educational attainment, childrearing, and urbanicity that generally mirror patterns found in the US. Finally, we show that applying couples‐based approaches common in this literature greatly overstates the magnitudes of gay/straight income gaps.