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The article deals with theoretical aspects of human capital, features of human capital, problems and prospects of human capital in modern conditions. Problems and challenges of ontology and functioning of human capital in postmodern society are outlined. The current state of investment in the reproduction of human capital and its development was assessed. One of the ways to increase human capital is to invest in people, their health and education. The article substantiates the role and importance of investments in human capital at the family level. The sharp increase in interest in the creative abilities of a person and in the ways of their formation and development confirm the obtained results. The international significance of the article lies in the objectification of the problems of human capital in developing countries (using the example of Ukraine), taking into account the global industrial, cultural and social context. In order to optimize human capital management on the verge of the postmodern and post-post era, these research results can help in the development of scientific, public and government programs and activities.

"Growth of technological variety offers more scope for the division of labor. And when a division of labor requires some specific training, the technological specificity of human capital grows and, with it, probably the firm specificity of that capital. We build a simple model that captures this observation. The model implies that a rising specialization of human and physical capital raises the rents in the average match between a firm and its human and physical capital. We document that in the last 40 years the firm's share of those rents has also grown, and we use the model to explain why this shift may have taken place"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

PurposeThe research aims to examine the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on a company's behaviour concerning its human capital. Additionally, the difference in effect for companies with specific human capital is analysed.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested on a multi-industry sample of large public companies from five European countries, using panel data modelling. The index of Baker et al. (2016) is used to measure EPU.FindingsIn the case of increasing EPU on one standard deviation, companies tend to reduce their human capital by approximately 1.7%. Moreover, despite theoretical assumptions, the effect on companies with more specific human capital is twice stronger. The heterogeneity of effect across countries and industries is also present.Practical implicationsRegulators and governments should consciously introduce changes in relation to regulations and decrease the uncertainty of economic policy to stimulate corporate investments in human capital.Originality/valueThis is the first study that considers the mechanism of EPU and its influence on corporate human capital. The results suggest that concerns regarding economic policy cause companies to reduce human capital.

PurposeThe aims of this paper are to identify and classify the knowledge resources that shape intellectual capital (IC) within the marketing function, to develop and validate a related scale and to demonstrate the scale's applicability in an empirical context.Design/methodology/approachA literature-based approach was adopted to identify and classify knowledge assets in the field of marketing. The new scale's content was then tested in a number of companies with different profiles. A subsequent survey of a representative sample of 346 Spanish firms sought to validate the scale and to assess those companies' marketing-related IC.FindingsThe literature search provided the basis for a marketing-related IC architecture comprising three main categories, nine subcategories and eighty items whose validity was tested and confirmed. The survey revealed that marketing-specific human capital (HC) is the most developed knowledge resource in Spanish firms, followed by marketing-specific relational capital (RC), while marketing-specific structural capital (SC) is the least developed. Significant differences were also found among companies with different profiles (B2C vs B2B, high-tech vs low-tech and manufacturing vs services).Originality/valueThis study makes a valuable contribution to the IC literature as one of the first to deploy the general IC framework in a specific functional area (here: marketing and sales) for more meaningful and in-depth assessment of firm-specific knowledge resources.

"Die Arbeitsmärkte in den meisten hochentwickelten Staaten sind von einer zunehmenden qualifikatorischen Trennung im Produktionsprozess sowie von zunehmend
disparaten Beschäftigungschancen für Arbeitskräfte mit unterschiedlichem Qualifikationsniveau gekennzeichnet. Dabei ist das lokale Humankapital ein wahrscheinlicher Einflussfaktor für das qualifikationsspezifische Lohnniveau sowie für das regionale
Beschäftigungswachstum. Des Weiteren weisen theoretische Studien darauf hin, dass qualifikatorische Segregation eine zunehmende Polarisierung der qualifikationsspezifischen Lohnniveaus und Beschäftigung bewirken kann. Es gibt zahlreiche
Studien, welche den Einfluss der lokalen Humankapitalausstattung auf qualifikati-
onsspezifische Lohnniveaus untersuchen. Bisher gibt es allerdings kaum Analysen über die Effekte des lokalen Humankapitals auf die Beschäftigungsentwicklung in
unterschiedlichen Qualifikationsgruppen. Auch eine empirische Evidenz für den
möglichen Einfluss der qualifikatorischen Segregation auf die qualifikationsspezifische Beschäftigungsentwicklung ist bislang nicht vorhanden. In dieser Analyse werden
die Effekte der lokalen Qualifikationsstruktur sowie der qualifikatorischen Trennung
im Produktionsprozess auf das qualifikationsspezifische Beschäftigungswachstum in westdeutschen Regionen untersucht. Die Studie liefert eine erste empirische Evidenz für einen negativen Einfluss von qualifikatorischer Segregation auf das Beschäftigungswachstum von Geringqualifizierten. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass sich ein hoher Humankapitalanteil in der regionalen Beschäftigung positiv auf die Beschäftigung von Geringqualifizierten auswirkt und keine weitere räumliche
Konzentration des Humankapitals stattfindet." [Autorenreferat]