Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the usefulness of support services to manufacturing microenterprises as perceived by the microenterprise owners. In Kenya, there is an emphasis on financial support services at the expense of other services but evidence of their usefulness to the survival and maintenance of manufacturing microenterprises is scarce. Convenience sampling was used to select 172 manufacturing microenterprises that had received any kind of support. Data was collected through researcher-administered questionnaires and analysed using frequencies, percentages and chi-square tests. Results revealed that though financial support was utilised by almost two thirds of the enterprises, over three quarters of the owners did not perceive it as useful, mainly due to the little amount of money given as credit. Training was considered useful to microenterprises, especially in the areas of record keeping and marketing. Social networks, in terms of ROSCAs, friends and relatives, were the major sources of support for manufacturing microenterprises.

The article examines political aspects of social transformations of the «Thaw» period. It is proved by means of discussion that the problematic development of social sphere in the republic was made conditional upon priority development of group «A» production before group «B», which, first of all, put them into unequal conditions and caused a programmed lagging of the latter. It is proved that great attention of the new government to the problems of the social sphere was dictated as by the aggravation of the political confrontation with the supporters of the Stalin regime as by the necessity of adaptation of the USSR's political system to the conditions of the post-war world. The process of formation by the trade unions of civilian control of its character and political conditions is divided by the researcher into two phases. It is being stressed that the governing party had unmistakably selected the object of political influence which could bring highest possible political dividends in the form of its support by various layers of the population. Those were business, public catering and domestic service enterprises. Being poorly developed, they could not satisfy the needs of the society. Also several principal conclusion as to the importance of the civilian control have been made. The author assumes that it was brought into practice with the aim of covering conceptual mistakes embedded into the basis of the Soviet economy and camouflaging the totalitarian nature of the new power therefore generating an illusion of its concern about the society. The author thinks that organized by the trade unions control over the spheres of trade, catering and domestic care provided a possibility to a start of removing the problem, which is, for a period of time, postponed the inevitable dismissal of the «Thaw» government. At the same time the author underlines that organized by the trade unions control presented a part of the concept of Soviet management. While developing it, the trade unions positioned themselves as «the school of Communism» which teaches the workers to manage state affairs. ; У статті розглядаються політичні аспекти соціальних трансформацій епохи «відлиги». У форматі дискусії доводиться, що проблемний розвиток соціальної сфери в республіці обумовлювався пріоритетним розвитком виробництва групи «А» перед групою «Б», що первісно зумовлювало їх нерівноправне становище і викликало запрограмоване відставання останньої. Доводиться, що пильна увага нової влади до питань соціальної сфери була продиктована як загостренням політичного протистояння з прихильниками сталінського режиму, так і необхідністю пристосування політичної системи СРСР до умов повоєнного світу. Процес формування професійними спілками громадського контролю розподіляється дослідником на два етапи. Підкреслюється, що партією було спеціально обрано такий предмет політичного впливу, який міг принести максимальні політичні дивіденди у вигляді підтримки з боку широких верств населення. Це були підприємства торгівлі, громадського харчування та побутового обслуговування населення. Слабко розвинені, вони не могли задовольнити потреб суспільства, а тому найменші позитивні зрушення у цій царині, ставилися владі в заслугу. Зроблено декілька принципових висновків щодо значення громадського контролю. Зокрема стверджується, що приведення його в дію значною мірою зумовлювалося необхідністю маскування концептуальних хиб, покладених в основу радянської економіки, а також потребою камуфлювання тоталітарної сутності нової влади, що породжувало ілюзію її турботи про суспільство. Автор припускається думки, що організований профспілками контроль за сферою торгівлі, харчування та побуту дав змогу зрушити проблему з місця, що на певний час і відтермінувало неминучу відставку влади «відлиги». Разом з тим, дослідник наголошує, що організований профспілками контроль являв собою частину концепції радянського менеджменту, спрямованого на розподіл матеріальних благ. Розвиваючи систему громадського контролю професійні спілки підтверджували ленінську концепцію профспілкового руху як «школу комунізму», що навчає трудівників управляти державними справами.

Einstellungen kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen zum Internet und dessen
Nutzen für den Geschäftsbetrieb.

Themen: Durchführung von Studien zur Unternehmensexpansion;
Einschätzung der eigenen Informiertheit über die Möglichkeiten des
Internets in der eigenen Branche (Skalometer); Umfang des
Internetangebots des Betriebes; Einsatzbereiche des Internets im
Betrieb; Einschätzung der Effizienz des Interneteinsatzes in
verschiedenen Bereichen des Unternehmens (Expansion in neue Märkte,
verbesserte Reaktion auf Kundenwünsche, Mitbewerberbeobachtung,
Produktinnovation, Modernisierung der Distribution, Senkung der
Kommunikationskosten und der Kosten allgemein); Kosten und Probleme der
Interneteinführung im Betrieb (interne Reorganisation, Schulung,
Schulungskosten, persönliche Intervention, Hardwarekosten,
Kommunikationskosten, schwierige Suche nach Spezialisten,
Akzeptanzprobleme bei der Implementation, Profitabilität und mangelnde
Sicherheit bei Transaktionen); externe oder interne Entwickler des
Internetangebots des Betriebs; Gründe für fehlende Internetnutzung;
mögliche Berater bei einer zukünftigen Einführung des Internets im
Betrieb.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht, Position des Befragten im Unternehmen;
Betriebsgröße; Branchenzugehörigkeit.

"This book provides a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in agent and Web service technologies. It provides an integrated view of the most recent contributions which support formation, integration, collaboration, and operation in virtual enterprise. Readers will gain insight from examples of applications of these technologies throughout various aspects of the virtual enterprise life cycle"--Provided by publisher

"This book focuses on providing readers a comprehensive understanding of the development cycle of enterprise service computing. Covered topics range from concept development, system design, modeling, and development technologies, to final deployment. Both theoretical research results and practical applications are provided"--Provided by publisher

The focal aspire of e-Government (eGovt) is to offer citizen-centered service delivery. Accordingly, the citizenry consumes services from multiple government agencies through national portal. Thus, eGovt is an enterprise with the primary business motive of transparent, efficient and effective public services to its citizenry and its logical structure is the eGovernment Enterprise Architecture (eGEA). Since eGovt is IT oriented multifaceted service-centric system, EA doesn't do much on an automated enterprise other than the business artifacts. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) manifestation led some governments to pertain this in their eGovts, but it limits the source of business artifacts. The concurrent use of EA and SOA in eGovt executes interoperability and integration and leads to Service-Oriented e-Government Enterprise (SOeGE). Consequently, agile eGovt system becomes a reality. As an IT perspective eGovt comprises of centralized public service artifacts with the existing application logics belong to various departments at central, state and local level. The eGovt is renovating to SOeGE by apply the Service-Orientation (SO) principles in the entire system. This paper explores IT perspective of SOeGE in India which encompasses the public service models and illustrated with a case study the Passport service of India.

AbstractFor the innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan, marketing strategies for promoting innovative products concentrate scientific research and become a new element in the process of managing the market activities of enterprises. The purpose of the study was to determine the place of servitisation in Kazakhstani business, measure the level of servitisation and study the attitude of participants in the industrial market to the new strategy. To achieve the goal set within the framework of this study, marketing research was carried out. Data analysis was carried out using two programmes for data analysis. Presents the basic modelling principles used to form the structure with hidden variables. The authors tested the relationship between the level of motivation of the client and the level of servitisation. The client's motivation level does not affect the servitisation level. A literature review has shown that the implementation of servitisation is a complex task that depends on previous success. Among innovative enterprises in Kazakhstan, due to the underdevelopment of the market, traditional services dominate, while such trendy services as training, utilisation, integration are rarely offered and have a weak level of prevalence.

AbstractThe development of various types of linkages is key to understanding the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on the economic development of host markets. Using a qualitative research approach, we investigate the linkages created by IT MNEs in Pakistan. The findings suggest that these MNEs have created management, technological, diversification, and financial linkages, among others. Their creation is contingent and co‐determined by the MNEs' investment motives, their mandates, and embeddedness in the host market as well as the local technical capability. We highlight the contributions and implications of these linkages. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study aims to analyze the influence of public service on the Micro-Small Enterprise (MSE) developments in Indonesia. The study method used was regression analysis panel data with fixed effect approach; because of the limited data availability, the data was only taken from 2013-2015. The study findings show that public service and education projected by gross participation data have a positive influence on the development of MSE, while the economic growth and minimum wage policy have a negative influence on the development of MSE in Indonesia. Based on those findings, this study concludes that the public service in the form of government spending allocation policy, especially on the service and economic functions, will stimulate the increase of MSE numbers.