Suchergebnisse

La preparación de los educadores políticos en función docente ha sido una tarea de primer orden por el estado cubano; no obstante, en la práctica se han manifestado insuficiencias que evidencian dificultades en la formación continua, fundamentalmente en la preparación para el empleo de métodos educativos eficientes, aspectos que deben ser razonados desde la Pedagogía como ciencia. El presente artículo propone un sistema de procedimientos para la capacitación pedagógica a educadores políticos en función docente, valorado el modo de proceder de estos para llevar a cabo tareas o ejecutar determinadas acciones a partir del seguimiento de pasos definidos que facilitan la realización de un trabajo de manera correcta. ; The preparation of political educators in teaching function has been a task of the first order for the Cuban state; However, in practice there have been deficiencies that show difficulties in continuous training, mainly in preparing for the use of efficient educational methods, aspects that must be reasoned from Pedagogy as a science. This article proposes a system of procedures for the pedagogical training of political educators in a teaching role, evaluating the way of proceeding of these to carry out tasks or execute certain actions from the follow-up of defined steps that facilitate the realization of a work of right way.

Academic discourse on global justice is at an all-time high. Within ethics and international law, scholars are undertaking new inquiries into age-old questions of building a just world order. Ethics – within political and moral philosophy – poses fundamental questions about responsibilities at the global level and produces a tightly reasoned set of frameworks regarding world order. International law, with its focus on legal norms and institutional arrangements, provides a path, as well as illuminates the obstacles, to implementing theories of the right or of the good. Yet despite the complementarity of these two projects, neither is drawing what it should from the other. The result is ethical scholarship that often avoids, or even misinterprets, the law; and law that marginalizes ethics even as it recognizes the importance of justice. The cost of this avoidance is a set of missed opportunities for both fields. This article seeks to help transform the limited dialogue between philosophers and international lawyers into a meaningful collaboration. Through a critical stocktaking of the contributions of the two disciplines, examining where they do and do not engage with the other, it offers an appraisal of the causes and costs of separation and an argument for an interdisciplinary approach.

Influence of political ideology on mass images is considered. Global control of masses is necessary in order that masses apprehended a certain set of the values defining their position concerning a way of life, the authorities and the leading actors on a world political field. The position that global control of masses this familiarizing of masses with extra sovereign democracy, i.e. with democracy in general, without history, traditions, mentality, archetypes of the people is reasoned. Thus, the images created by the press, television radio, the Internet form content of mass communications at the central, regional and local levels. These images are supported by artistic images from «factories of mass culture». In the same row the top officials of the states, the images of the countries which «became» images, and actively presenting to the world. The thesis is reasonable that globalization generated an anti-globalism phenomenon. It is proved that expansion can go under an imperial flag that means existence and expansion of one center of force the West, and can under the flag of resistance when existence of the interacting civilization blocks and groups, in which center the rod countries differing in civilization identity is supposed. ; Influence of political ideology on mass images is considered. Global control of masses is necessary in order that masses apprehended a certain set of the values defining their position concerning a way of life, the authorities and the leading actors on a world political field. The position that global control of masses this familiarizing of masses with extra sovereign democracy, i.e. with democracy in general, without history, traditions, mentality, archetypes of the people is reasoned. Thus, the images created by the press, television radio, the Internet form content of mass communications at the central, regional and local levels. These images are supported by artistic images from «factories of mass culture». In the same row the top officials of the states, the images of the countries which «became» images, and actively presenting to the world. The thesis is reasonable that globalization generated an anti-globalism phenomenon. It is proved that expansion can go under an imperial flag that means existence and expansion of one center of force the West, and can under the flag of resistance when existence of the interacting civilization blocks and groups, in which center the rod countries differing in civilization identity is supposed.

Examining the efficacy of U.N. peace efforts, Dr. Ramesh Thakur compares limited peacekeeping through U.N. authority with more coercive means such as the Multinational Force (MNF) in Lebanon. He finds that the role of the U.S.-led MNF coalition cannot be justified in terms of great-power responsibility for ensuring a stable international order, since the coalition has attempted to substitute military power for authoritative peacekeeping. When MNF legitimacy was questioned and authority was challenged, the MNF's use of force in response to those challenges switched the coalition's role from third-party peacekeeper to factional participant. As a result, every successive attempt to strengthen the MNF mandate has further subordinated the concept of neutral international peacekeeping to calculated support of national interests. If reasoned attempts to keep the peace are not to collapse into exercises in national self-interest, then peacekeeping responsibilities must remain with the U.N., supported by the great powers: Only the U.N. can provide an authoritative exposition of values within the context of international society and bestow international legitimacy upon peacekeeping activities; only the great powers can back the U.N. with requisite force.

When the infectious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 broke out it resulted in a global crisis. In the fight of Covid-19, China's government relied on its strength to apply new technologies, i.e. for controlling and containment of the virus by tracing and tracking Chinese citizens. Relying on the trajectory of industrialisation, China has pursued a path of innovation. While it is reasoned that China's advantage might have origin in the experience of the SARS outbreak almost two decades ago, this article argues that mainly China's innovation- driven climate has favoured the application of new technologies in combatting the current crisis. Based on the innovation-driven trajectory this article explores China's pathway out the corona crisis and how this might strengthen China's role in global health governance. In order to pursue this aim, this article explores several areas, in which the next generation of technologies, such as AI-based diagnostic or intelligent robots were applied and concludes with an outlook based on the formulated political agenda, strategic considerations and initial international cooperation regarding China's impact for global health.

ABSTRACT: In Romania, the legislator considered to regulate, on a temporary basis, some necessary measures in the field of public health in situations of epidemiological and biological risk, to prevent the introduction and limit the spread of infectious diseases. Measures such as the quarantine or isolation of persons shall be ordered and applied exclusively for the protection of public health, respecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, meaning that they must be in proportion with the situation which determined them, limited in time to this and applied in a non-discriminatory manner. Public authorities such as the Public Healthcare Direction - for individual cases or the National Committee for Situations of Emergency - for populational groups, have the legal competence to assess and order either the quarantine of persons or the zonal quarantine by reasoned decision which will contain endorsments on the date and the issuer of the act, the name and identification data of the quarantined person, but also the duration of the measure and the remedy provided by the law. KEYWORDS: pandemic, epidemic, rights of the citizens, quarantine of persons, isolation of persons at home

AbstractInternational criminal law, like all areas of law, must continue to evolve to reflect contemporary realities. This article demonstrates that the current subject matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court under theRome Statuteis very much an artefact of history, and it argues that the historical and reactive line that the statute draws between "core" international crimes and other serious international or transnational crimes is inadequate. In order to ensure that international criminal law continues to evolve in a reasoned and principled manner, states need to better articulate the criteria by which conduct is included within the category of "the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole." Using a primarily inductive approach, the article considers a number of such criteria that have been considered over the years. It concludes that, when assessed in the context of their systematic and organized perpetration, many other serious international and transnational crimes raise some of the same concerns that underpin the current core international crimes, suggesting that it may be time for the international community to consider redrawing the line.

In the current relocation process of food systems, cities are experimenting new local food procurement policies. These experiences are quite different with the previous initiatives of support of agriculture that was conceived and reasoned from a rural area in order to reveal specificities to ensure better integration in the markets and contributed to the development and recognition of what is called the agriculture of terroir or geographical indications. The approach of Local Agri-Food Systems (LAS) is in this perspective and brings, since the late 90s, original contributions to the analysis of rural development by providing a central place to resources, territory and local food cultures [Muchnik et al (2008)]. Public procurement projects networks and programs for school canteens cities refocus the debate on the need to take account of the logic of small businesses and their possible cooperation within a territory and interacting with urban developers of these programs. The paper discuss here on the capacity and the relevance of the LAS approach to meet the food safety requirements and to support local procurement policies of cities and especially school canteens.

The study examines a career notion from the point of view of a personality development in professional activity. Particular attention is paid to career orientations as stable personality formations defining on one hand methods of control, stabilization and integration of an individual's career, and on the other hand, the way to professional self-development and personal growth. Correlations are analyzed between career orientations and motivation, and creativity of employees of an architectural design company (N = 21), realizing creative and regulated activity. Necessity to apply tests in order to identify career orientations, a person's motivation to achieve success, avoid failure, the personal, verbal and non-verbal creativity of the personality is reasoned in the empirical study. Obtained data state importance of creativity for the realization of a personal career depending on a type of professional activity. The results obtained during the research became a basis for the elaboration and implementation of programs for the development of a career and creative potential of the employees.
Key words: avoid failure, career orientations, creative activity, creative personality, creativity, verbal and non-verbal creativity.

New approaches and tools are required because of the increasing request for public participation and democratic decision making. There are two particular major challenges associated with this namely, applications allowing for large numbers of users and the balancing of participation and expertise. This article tests a method attempting to achieve this by combining a multi-criteria decision approach with different forms of discussion and deliberation. The method involves relaxed requirements for user exactness in statements of opinion and was tested on 90 students aged 17-19. Is it possible to extend multi-criteria decision analysis to the public? In order to answer this question, our research focuses on (1) scalability, or the potential for increased participation, as well as (2) decision quality, i.e. whether the alternatives are reflected upon and if there have been reasoned judgments. The test and survey found both these criteria met. The findings suggest that the method can be used for large scale participation during a decision making process, but also that a participatory process is improved by lengthier deliberation and more than one point of measurement so that opinions can stabilize.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of underestimation of fixed assets of agriculture on the financial and economic indicators of the industry and develop scientifically sound proposals for their improvement. Research methods. Methods used: monographic (analysis of the provision and development of agriculture by the main means of production); analysis of time series, structural changes (to establish the state and identify trends in the market of material and technical resources); comparison (comparison of economic indicators); tabular and graphical (visual display of research results in the form of tables and graphs), abstract Research results. The current state of capital intensity and investment support of agriculture in Ukraine is analyzed. The level of actual revaluation of fixed assets of agriculture is determined and the necessity and ways of their revaluation are substantiated. Scientific novelty. Methodological and practical provisions on innovation and investment development in agriculture have been further developed, based on the modernization of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises taking into account scientific achievements, accelerating the solution of important tasks related to further growth of capital intensity of production. Practical significance. The necessity of revaluation of fixed assets in order to make objective decisions on state regulation of agriculture and its taxation system, increase the actual capitalization of enterprises in the industry in order to attract investment resources are reasoned. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 20.

Article is devoted to a research of a procedural form of a meeting as making settlements of a dispute with the assistance of the judge. The operating standard regulation of a meeting and the previous history of formation of this institute, its analogs in foreign countries becomes clear. Advantages of a meeting (interview) are lit. Also the opinion stated in literature on the fact that all activities for settlement of a dispute with the assistance of the judge with the assistance of the judge are outside dynamics of civil process is analyzed. The arguments disproving it are adduced. Attention is paid to comparison of various views of the place of a meeting (interview) in structure of procedural activity. It is proved that for the solution of this question a number of factors matters: the place of a meeting (interview) in structure of procedural activity has to be defined with relevant standard regulation, functional purpose and communication with other elements of structure of civil legal proceedings. It is reasoned that the current legislation gives all grounds to outline meeting range of application only limits of the procedure of settlement of a dispute with the assistance of the judge. The problem of an order of holding a meeting (interview) is investigated. The conclusion is drawn on insufficiency of its standard settlement. The question of whether there is in general a need for a regulation of rules of holding a meeting, whether it is necessary to leave completely it on the judicial discretion is analyzed. It is reasoned that the order of holding a meeting demands establishment of certain rules: the lack of a certain order causes inconveniences for the judge; the procedural regulation will protect the parties from abuse and an arbitrariness of court; the parties will be able to be prepared better and more stoutly to use possibilities of a meeting. Also it is emphasized that the order of holding a meeting has to be more free, flexible and variable. By the author it is supported and the thought that the efficiency of a meeting as a procedural form of interaction directly depends on investment of all its participants with an opportunity to put these or those moments for discussion is in addition reasoned and to ask questions. A conclusion that except lack of a strict formalism and the confidential atmosphere it is necessary to refer the special mechanism of interaction of its participants to characteristic features of a meeting is proved. The prospects of further scientific research of a procedural form of a meeting are defined. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню процесуальної форми наради як складової врегулювання спору за участю судді. З'ясовується чинне нормативне регулювання наради та попередня історія становлення цього інституту, його аналоги в зарубіжних країнах. Висвітлюються переваги наради (співбесіди). Також аналізується висловлений в літературі погляд про те, що уся діяльність по врегулюванню спору за участю судді за участю судді знаходиться за межами динаміки цивільного процесу. Наводяться аргументи на його спростування. Приділяється увага порівнянню різноманітних поглядів на місце наради (співбесіди) в структурі процесуальної діяльності. Доводиться, що для вирішення цього питання має значення ряд чинників: місце наради (співбесіди) в структурі процесуальної діяльності має визначатися з урахуванням актуального нормативного регулювання, функціонального призначення та зв'язку з іншими елементами структури цивільного судочинства. Аргументується, що чинне законодавство дає усі підстави окреслити сферу застосування наради виключно межами процедури врегулювання спору за участю судді. Досліджується проблема порядку проведення наради (співбесіди). Зроблено висновок про недостатність нормативного її врегулювання. Аналізується питання про те, чи взагалі існує необхідність в регламентації правил проведення наради, чи слід повністю залишити це на розсуд суду. Аргументується, що порядок проведення наради вимагає встановлення певних правил: відсутність певного визначеного порядку створює незручності для судді; процесуальна регламентація убезпечить сторони від зловживання та сваволі з боку суду; сторони, будучі обізнаними про порядок проведення наради, зможуть краще підготуватися для неї та повніше використати її можливості. Також підкреслюється, що порядок проведення наради має бути більш вільним, гнучким і варіативним. Автором підтримується та додатково аргументується думка про те, що ефективність наради як процесуальної форми взаємодії безпосередньо залежить від наділення усіх її учасників можливістю ставити на обговорення ті чи інші моменти та задавати питання. Доводиться висновок про те, що окрім відсутності суворого формалізму та довірчої атмосфери до характерних рис наради слід віднести особливий механізм взаємодії її учасників. Визначаються перспективи подальшого наукового дослідження процесуальної форми наради.

The international concern about access to water and the various positions on its access as a human right, becomes the center of important scientific debates every day. In order to contribute in this order, we carry out an epistemic and legal study of water as a right. For this, we use methods such as the analytical, for the orderly and reasoned study of the content of the human right on access to water, from the different legislations referring to this right; phenomenological, in order to objectively know its nature and essence as a public good to be protected and hermeneutical, to study this right in the light of the interpretations of doctrine and jurisprudence. ; La preocupación internacional por el acceso al agua y las diversas posturas sobre su acceso como derecho humano, se convierte cada día en el centro de importantes debates científicos. Con la finalidad de aportar en este orden, realizamos un estudio epistémico y jurídico del agua como derecho. Para ello, utilizamos métodos como el analítico, para el estudio ordenado y razonado del contenido del derecho humano sobre el acceso al agua, desde las diferentes legislaciones referidas a este derecho; fenomenológico, con la finalidad de conocer de manera objetiva su naturaleza y esencia como bien público a proteger y el hermenéutico, para estudiar este derecho a la luz de las interpretaciones de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia. ; A preocupação internacional com o acesso à água e as diversas posições sobre seu acesso como direito humano, torna-se a cada dia o centro de importantes debates científicos. Para contribuir nessa ordem, realizamos um estudo epistêmico e jurídico da água como direito. Para isso, utilizamos métodos como o analítico, para o estudo ordenado e fundamentado do conteúdo do direito humano sobre o acesso à água, a partir das diferentes legislações referentes a esse direito; fenomenológica, a fim de conhecer objetivamente sua natureza e essência como bem público a ser protegido e hermenêutica, estudar esse direito à luz das interpretações da ...

In France, for 20 years, critical, gender and post-colonial geographies have made great progress towards changing the face of geographical discipline. These very positive developments also have a negative impact on both theoretical and practical registers. One of the most obvious is the danger of increased national disaggregation, in favour of dust from Community or even territorial minorities, supported by these studies, which sometimes diverge from the usual criteria of science. In order to control these risks, this article proposes a dialectic method that does not condemn its share of political ideology, but aims to overcome polarised theories in order to promote a reasoned integrative path that can safeguard, in a secular spirit, the universal values of justice, freedom, equality and fraternity. ; En France, depuis vingt ans, les géographies critiques, du genre et postcoloniales, ont fait de gros progrès tendant à modifier le visage de la discipline géographique. Ces avancées très positives portent aussi leur part d'effets pervers, tant sur les registres théorique que pratique. Parmi les plus flagrants, figure celui d'un danger de désagrégation nationale augmentée, au profit d'une poussière de minorités communautaires, voire territoriales, confortées par ces études qui s'éloignent parfois des critères habituels de scientificité. Afin de maîtriser ces risques, le présent article propose une méthode dialectique qui ne récuse pas sa part d'idéologie politique, mais qui vise à dépasser les thèses polarisées pour promouvoir une voie intégratrice raisonnée, susceptibles de sauvegarder, dans un esprit de laïcité, les valeurs universelles de justice, liberté, égalité et fraternité.