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"Over the years, a shortage of funds has resulted in a huge deficit in government budgets for infrastructure, especially in developing economies. It is no longer feasible for governments to bear the entire burden of funding public infrastructure. Given that an inadequate supply of public infrastructure poses a challenge for the economic development of any country, partnerships with the private sector to fund public infrastructure procurement has started to be relied on as an alternative to traditional public procurement. Public-Private Partnerships are an arrangement that allow private entities to fund, design, manage and operate public infrastructure for a term in exchange for the payment of tolls by users or the government may well be the solution to the infrastructure crisis in many developing economies. This book examines the role of law in the adoption, implementation and regulation of Public-Private Partnership in selected developing economies including Brazil, India, Nigeria and South Africa to address how to deal with overlapping laws and how the law can protect assets invested in PPP in order to attract private sector interests in infrastructure financing in developing market, showing how law can be used to create, sustain and promote PPP frameworks that take into account local circumstances in developing economies."

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO published a glossary describing the most commonly used terms, practices, and techniques currently employed by the government and private sector asset management community."

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are arrangements wherein private parties participate in, or provide support for, the provision of infrastructure, and a PPP project results in a contract for a private entity to deliver public infrastructure-based services. A fundamental feature is that the government does not own the infrastructure but, rather, contracts to buy infrastructure and related ancillary services from the private sector over time. A common misconception about PPP projects is that they are principally about private sector financing of public infrastructure. This is not strictly correct. Financing is only one element of the calculation. The very essence of a PPP is that the public sector does not primarily buy an asset; it is purchasing a service under specified terms and conditions. This feature provides the key to the viability (or not) of the transaction. A PPP is at base a risk-sharing relationship, in this case to bring about certain desired public policy outcomes. Any project needs to be structured to achieve optimal risk allocation. Value for money is a key facet of the policy and if sufficient risk cannot be transferred to private parties, it is unlikely that a PPP will deliver value for money. At the same time, unloading inappropriate forms of risk merely adds unnecessary cost to a PPP agreement. Only 'efficient' levels of risk should be transferred. Risk management - identification, assessment, allocation and mitigation of risks - is central to determining the success of the project and achieving value for money.

Managing PPP projects is not a routine job, as every PPP project is different and should be managed accordingly. These projects require considerable capability and skills from both public sector and private sector managers involved, Strategic Issues in Public Private Partnerships, Second Edition, delivers the insight and tools necessary to assist those managers. As Public private partnership (PPP) arrangements become an increasingly popular way for national governments to fund and develop public infrastructure and urban areas with private sector contributions, a better understanding of the ris

"Managing PPP projects is not a routine job, as every PPP project is different and should be managed accordingly. These projects require considerable capability and skills from both public sector and private sector managers involved, Strategic Issues in Public Private Partnerships, Second Edition, delivers the insight and tools necessary to assist those managers. As Public private partnership (PPP) arrangements become an increasingly popular way for national governments to fund and develop public infrastructure and urban areas with private sector contributions, a better understanding of the risks involved is crucial. The second edition of Strategic Issues in Public Private Partnerships : Provides an international overview of the application of concessions - the most common form of PPP [eg PFI (Private Finance Initiative); BO(O)T (Build/Own/Operate/Transfer) or DBFMO (Design/Build/Finance/ Maintain/Operate)]. Focusses on the introduction of concessions and the problems encountered, the solutions found for these problems, and the different approaches to concessions chosen across different countries. Provides a strategic overview for those involved in setting up and managing PPP projects. Illustrates lessons from different national backgrounds and gives managers the insight and tools to manage PPP projects effectively. Essential reading for Contractors & funding organizations involved in PPP projects as well as Researchers in construction management and public administration"--

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have grown in popularity as a method to leverage private-sector actors in the production of government services. With the global challenge of water insecurity, PPPs are becoming more common for large-scale water infrastructure projects such as desalination. Desalination facilities are complex and expensive operations, which means that understanding the appropriate context for PPPs is increasingly important. To understand how different PPP arrangements are used in the water sector, a team of researchers at Texas A&M University examined the global desalination sector and select cities around the world using PPPs for desalination. This brief summarizes what they learned about how risks are shared between the private and public sector, how those risks vary globally, and current trends in water infrastructure finance.

This paper provides perspectives on patterns of public-private partnerships in infrastructure across time and space. Public-private partnerships are a new term for old concepts. Much infrastructure started under private auspices. Then many governments nationalized the ventures. Governments often push infrastructure providers to keep prices low. In emerging markets, the price of water covers maybe 30 percent of costs on average, that of electricity some 80 percent of costs. This renders public infrastructure ventures dependent on subsidies. When governments run into fiscal troubles, they often look again for public-private partnerships, and price increases. As a result, public-private partnerships keep making a comeback in most countries, but are not always loved. Waves of interest in public-private partnerships sweep different countries at different times. Overall, in emerging markets today, public-private partnerships account for some 20 percent of infrastructure investments, with wide variations across countries and from year to year. There is no "killer" rationale for public-private partnerships. They can help raise financing when governments face borrowing constraints. They can be more efficient when sound incentives are applied. Existing evaluations suggest public-private partnerships tend to perform often a bit better than public provision. Yet, well-run governments can do as well. Public-private partnerships provide mechanisms to improve the governance of infrastructure ventures where governments are flawed. Once the fiscal troubles are over, the politics of pricing assert themselves again. Tight pricing erodes the profitability of public-private partnerships and the wheel of privatization and nationalization keeps turning, as it has since modern infrastructure services were invented.

Liberia is making great strides to recover from its recent era of conflict and reestablish itself as a global competitor. Central to Liberia's economic growth is its rich endowment of natural resource such as iron ore and rubber. Liberia's natural resources have defined, in large part, the country's engagement with the private sector. However, the Government of Liberia is now exploring new ways to partner with the private sector with the objective of growing the economy. One method is by developing public-private partnerships (PPPs) in core infrastructure and social services. This Study examines Liberia's experience with PPPs to date, as well as its experience with natural resource concessions, and builds on the lessons learned to map out a way forward. The Study looks in depth at the legal and policy enabling environment for PPPs to uncover areas that require strengthening. Likewise, the Study analyzes existing PPPs and natural resource concessions in Liberia to tease out the most pressing obstacles to future PPP investment. This culminates with a review of possible PPP transactions that could be supported in Liberia's next phase of recovery and growth.