Suchergebnisse

part Part I Personhood and Personality in International Law -- chapter 1 Jan Klabbers (2005), 'The Concept of Legal Personality' -- chapter 2 Hans Aufricht (1943), 'Personality in International Law' -- part Part II States, Peoples and Cities -- chapter 3 Oleg I. Tiunov (1992-1993), 'The International Legal Personality of States: Problems and Solutions' -- chapter 4 Budislav Vukas (1991), 'States, Peoples and Minorities as Subjects of International Law' -- chapter 5 Yishai Blank (2005-2006), 'The City and the World' -- part Part III Individuals -- chapter 6 Hersch Lauterpacht (1947), 'The Subjects of the Law of Nations' -- chapter 7 Marek St. Korowicz (1956), 'The Problem of the International Personality of Individuals' -- part Part IV International Organizations -- chapter 8 Clarence Wilfred Jenks (1945), 'The Legal Personality of International Organizations' -- chapter 9C.F. Amerasinghe (1995), 'International Legal Personality Revisited' -- chapter 10 David J. Bederman (1995-1996), 'The Souls of International Organizations: Legal Personality and the Lighthouse at Cape Spartel' -- part Part V Non-humans and Non-state Actors -- chapter 11 Karsten Nowrot (2006), 'Reconceptualising International Legal Personality of Influential Non-state Actors: Towards a Rebuttable Presumption of Normative Responsibilities' -- chapter 12 Anthony D'Amato and Sudhir K. Chopra (1991), 'Whales: Their Emerging Right to Life' -- part Part VI Possibilities -- chapter 13 Jens David Ohlin (2005), 'Is the Concept of the Person Necessary for Human Rights?' -- chapter 14 Janne E. Nijman (2007), 'Paul Ricoeur and International Law: Beyond "The End of the Subject". Towards a Reconceptualization of International Legal Personality'.

"Center of attention in the chapter is EU trade. According to the author, this is arguably the EU's most highly centralized policy domain. It is for this reason that EU trade represents a significant case study for characterizing the EU as a global actor. This chapter examines EU trade policy with regard to its objectives, instruments, style and decision-making procedures. A variety of examples, including the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations with developing countries, will be emphasized. The author comes to the conclusion that, concerning trade policy, the EU's actions bear more resemble to a great power than a civilian or normative power." (author's abstract)

It is often argued that the EU is a peculiar if not unique international actor. Unlike other major actors, it is a largely civilian power promoting universal norms in its vast neighbourhood and beyond. This article will test this proposition by comparing the EU's external policy to those of the United States, China and Russia. Five variables will be examined: (1) international aspirations and self-images; (2) governance form and structure; (3) means of governance; (4) borders and the scope of governance; and (5) centre-periphery relations. The article will conclude that all four actors share certain important characteristics. They all represent huge territorial units with sizable power resources across various fields. They all consciously apply these power resources to influence if not manipulate domestic politics in their respective peripheries. They all justify their power politics by reference to noble norms and values. But because of its peculiar governance system, fuzzy borders and predominantly civilian policy means, the EU practices its politics differently from the three other actors considered here.

This essay reviews three recent collections of international legal scholarship. Demonstrating that all three volumes are organized around the tension between formalism and anti-formalism, the essay argues that no adequate account of contemporary international law can be developed without attending both to its internal normative architecture and to its receptivity to competing extralegal forces. Relying on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, the essay suggests that any such account must necessarily involve a sustained investigation into the formation and operation of "international legal fields."

Growing criticism of inefficient development aid demanded new planning instruments of donors, including international NGOs (INGOs). A reorientation from isolated project-planning towards holistic country concepts and the increasing rationality of a result-orientated planning process were seen as answer. However, whether these country concepts - newly introduced by major INGOs too - have increased the efficiency of development cooperation is open to question. Firstly, there have been counteracting external factors, like the globalization of the aid business, that demanded structural changes in the composition of INGO portfolios towards growing short-term humanitarian aid; this was hardly compatible with the requirements of medium-term country planning. Secondly, the underlying vision of rationality as a remedy for the major ills of development aid was in itself a fallacy. A major change in the methodology of planning, closely connected with a shift of emphasis in the approach to development cooperation, away from project planning and service delivery, towards supporting the socio-cultural and political environment of the recipient communities, demands a reorientation of aid management: The most urgent change needed is by donors, away from the blinkers of result-orientated planning towards participative organizational cultures of learning.