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Taxation reform has dominated Australian politics over the past twenty-five years. Despite this prominence on the political agenda, until recently Australian governments have lacked the capacity to consolidate key elements of this tax reform agenda. While the problematic nature of Australian tax reform can be explained in part by macro-level variables, this protracted policy deadlock has also influenced historical patterns of business-government intermediation. The article argues that the evolution of the Australian tax policy network over the study period was prompted by both associational and state actors reassessing their strategies in the context of the political failure of tax reform proposals. These developments provide empirical insights into the ongoing debate relating to the factors which lead to the formation and evolution of sectoral level policy networks. The article concludes that while the increasing levels of business mobilization experienced over the study period enhanced the electoral viability of reform proposals, these new patterns of sectoral business politics should be regarded as a consequence of the policy deadlock relating to tax reform rather than primary cause of policy change.

The Savings Directive has been celebrated as a major political break-through in coordinating taxation in Europe. Against this background, the present paper evaluates the real-world effects of this directive. The directive has left a loophole by providing grandfathering (exemption from withholding tax) for some securities. In this paper we compare the pre-tax returns of exempt bonds and comparable taxable bonds. If working around the Savings Directive is difficult for tax evaders in Europe, then investors should be willing to pay a premium for bonds that are exempt from the withholding rate. Conversely, if such a premium is absent, then we may conclude that the supply of existing loopholes (exempt bonds included) is large enough to allow tax evaders to continue evasion at no additional cost. The findings of our study are in line with this latter interpretation.

The contemporary tax landscape is experiencing a legitimacy crisis caused by macro-economic disturbances in the past decade, as well as numerous revelations in the media such as Swissleaks, Luxleaks and the Panama Papers. This crisis has resulted in people losing trust in their government and in corporations, thereby becoming more reluctant to give their share of money for redistribution. Why are states or collective institutions not able to generate the sufficient level of trust that would enable them to collect enough revenue? Who or what is responsible for the decline in trust? What are the key factors contributing to the decline in trust? Why do the levels of trust differ between states? Is this strictly a fiscal issue, meaning that we should search for the root of the issue only in the properties of tax systems and the differences between tax systems? Or are there institutional structures and political ideologies which differ from state to state that might be able to explain this difference? Written by experts in their field and with an interdisciplinary perspective Building Trust in Taxation analyses a topical issue which is integral to the development of society. Bruno Peeters is Professor of Tax Law at the University of Antwerp. His current research interests lie in legal principles, European and corporate tax law. Hans Gribnau is Professor of Tax Law at Tilburg University and at Leiden University. His research focuses on legal principles, tax governance, tax compliance and tax ethics. Jo Badisco is a doctoral researcher at the department of philosophy at the University of Antwerp. His current research is on the problem of international taxation which he approaches from a philosophical angle

Issues of taxation and development, which have long been a central concern of the IMF, have attracted wider and renewed interest in the last few years. This paper reflects on three broad lessons of experience: that developing countries differ vastly in tax matters, and in ways that are less than fully understood; that the history of 'big ideas' in guiding tax reform for developing countries is decidedly mixed; and that the value of the emphasis often placed in this context on 'informality' is decidedly limited. It also asks whether ideas of 'state building' emphasized in some of the recent

It is adequacy of taxation in the quantitative sense and in relation to public expenditure that is the most important aspect of taxation for inflation control. A well- developed public economy financed by a progressive tax sys tem supplies a powerful automatic check on fluctuations in the private economy. A less progressive tax system would have some advantage in its reduced impingement on savings and in centives, but the advantage would not be large nor important enough to offset considerations of equity which must be weighed in the balance. As to state and local taxes, the federal gov ernment could do more to protect the states from interterri torial competition—income tax credit—and it could provide a more flexible support for state public works than tax-exempt securities. Several tax gadgets for inflation control are re viewed but none appear to be politically or otherwise promising at present. Nevertheless it must be recognized that oligo polistic practices in industry are a major factor in the present inflation problem. Fiscal policy, including its tax element, is important for counterinflationary purposes, but it encounters powerful vested interests, and it should not be our sole reliance in a stabilization program.

Subject of investigation: taxation by excise tax in Ukraine and its feature. The aim of research: to analyse the features of indirect taxation realization in Ukraine on the example of excise tax. Methodology of the executed work: searching on present methodological and scientific literature with the analysis of found material, finding out of cause–effect relations, analysis of documentation and results of researchers' activity on issue of undertaken research. Results of research: The article is investigation of such kind of indirect taxes in Ukraine as excise tax. The role of excise tax in shaping budget revenues is outlined in the article. The share of excise tax in dynamics of growth is analyzed. Changes in the legal framework that influenced the procedure for calculating the excise tax are identified in the article by authors. Conclusion: changes in normatively–legal documents, that regulate the order of excise tax extra charge and its penalty, will give possibility to improve procedure of indirect taxes, guarantee stability of receivabless to different levels budgets and effectiveness, simplicity in administrative process; to decrease hidden economy, optimize tax law, save the system of financial stimulation for companies–exporters, to decrease the social loading and to stipulate legislative level of optimal coorelation between indirect taxes.

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the influence of taxes and corporate governance on the dividend policy of Brazilian companies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors identify the changes of the tax legislation in Brazil in the period 1986-2011 and check their effect on corporate dividend policies for preferred and common shares. The authors use panel data Probit and Tobit estimation to verify the probability of companies to pay dividends under different tax regimes. The final sample comprises 672 companies, 1,159 traded stocks and 30,134 observations Findings – The authors' results suggest that changes in the tax legislation have a significant influence on dividend payments. Also, firms do not follow target payout ratios, but dividends are moderately dependent on past payments. Dividend payouts are affected by stock voting rights, privatization and dividend deductibility. Changes in regulation that reduce the agency problems among shareholders affect positively payout ratios. Practical implications – For managers, maximizing shareholders' value requires taking into account the consequences of the taxation when designing financial policies for the firm. For investors, stock portfolio selection should take into account payout behavior and how changes in dividend taxation affect stocks' value. For policymakers, the effects of changes in the tax code on corporate behavior are of utmost importance to stimulate private investment and economic growth. Originality/value – There are several tax law changes in Brazil within the period analyzed, creating a good opportunity to study the effect of taxation on dividend policy and its dynamics over time.

Purpose This study aims to analyze the influence of taxes and corporate governance on the dividend policy of Brazilian companies. Design/methodology/approach The authors identify the changes of the tax legislation in Brazil in the period 1986-2011 and check their effect on corporate dividend policies for preferred and common shares. The authors use panel data Probit and Tobit estimation to verify the probability of companies to pay dividends under different tax regimes. The final sample comprises 672 companies, 1,159 traded stocks and 30,134 observations Findings The authors' results suggest that changes in the tax legislation have a significant influence on dividend payments. Also, firms do not follow target payout ratios, but dividends are moderately dependent on past payments. Dividend payouts are affected by stock voting rights, privatization and dividend deductibility. Changes in regulation that reduce the agency problems among shareholders affect positively payout ratios. Practical implications For managers, maximizing shareholders' value requires taking into account the consequences of the taxation when designing financial policies for the firm. For investors, stock portfolio selection should take into account payout behavior and how changes in dividend taxation affect stocks' value. For policymakers, the effects of changes in the tax code on corporate behavior are of utmost importance to stimulate private investment and economic growth. Originality/value There are several tax law changes in Brazil within the period analyzed, creating a good opportunity to study the effect of taxation on dividend policy and its dynamics over time.

Abstract Purpose This study aims to analyze the influence of taxes and corporate governance on the dividend policy of Brazilian companies. Design/methodology/approach The authors identify the changes of the tax legislation in Brazil in the period 1986-2011 and check their effect on corporate dividend policies for preferred and common shares. The authors use panel data Probit and Tobit estimation to verify the probability of companies to pay dividends under different tax regimes. The final sample comprises 672 companies, 1,159 traded stocks and 30,134 observations Findings The authors' results suggest that changes in the tax legislation have a significant influence on dividend payments. Also, firms do not follow target payout ratios, but dividends are moderately dependent on past payments. Dividend payouts are affected by stock voting rights, privatization and dividend deductibility. Changes in regulation that reduce the agency problems among shareholders affect positively payout ratios. Practical implications For managers, maximizing shareholders' value requires taking into account the consequences of the taxation when designing financial policies for the firm. For investors, stock portfolio selection should take into account payout behavior and how changes in dividend taxation affect stocks' value. For policymakers, the effects of changes in the tax code on corporate behavior are of utmost importance to stimulate private investment and economic growth. Originality/value There are several tax law changes in Brazil within the period analyzed, creating a good opportunity to study the effect of taxation on dividend policy and its dynamics over time.

International taxation is a vital issue for a growing number of business and individuals across the world. The need to understand how the international system of taxation works is therefore a subject of importance to many people. The International Taxation System provides this understanding by bringing together experts from the most important fields in the subject who have each authored chapters especially for this book. They each provide brief, structured and easy to understand explanations of the key concepts edited together into one volume to provide a unique, very readable, guide to the field. While this text is aimed at masters or advanced undergraduate level students, it will also be of interest to those requiring a professional understanding of the topic. Each chapter introduces a different aspect of the international taxation system, explains the important issues to be understood in each case and provides suggestions for discussion and further reading

Introduction -- Overview of international taxation -- Examples of country tax systems -- Manufacturing -- Procurement companies -- Distribution and regional sales companies -- Shipping and air transport -- Value added tax -- Customs duties and tariffs -- The digital economy -- Social security taxes -- Tax incentives -- Taxation issues for dividends and profit distributions -- Taxation issues for funding and interest flows -- Group restructures and taxation issues for capital gains -- R&D and intellectual property -- Treasury and in-house banking companies -- Group insurance companies : captive insurance -- Taxation issues for mergers and acquisitions -- Acquisitions and sale and purchase agreements -- Tax due diligence for mergers and acquisitions -- Asset leasing -- Derivatives : options, forwards and swaps -- Interest deductions in subsidiaries and thin capitalisation -- Tax havens and controlled foreign corporations rules -- Introduction to transfer pricing -- Transfer pricing issues for manufacturing and distribution -- Intangibles and transfer pricing -- Intra-group services and trnsfer pricing -- Loan financing, interest payments and transfer pricing -- General conclusions -- Case studies -- Case study 1. International tax issues : investing into Malaysia -- Case study 2. Permanent establishments and sales activities -- Case study 3. Tax residence and domestic tax laws -- Case study 4. Permanent establishments and manufacturing -- Case study 5. Repatriating profits : tax treaties and domestic tax laws -- Case study 6. Asset acquisitions and mergers and acquisitions planning -- Case study 7. Analysis of due diligence reports for mergers and acquisitions -- Case study 8. Group funding and treasury structures -- Case study 9. Manufacturing, distribution, and group transfer pricing -- Case study 10. Group intellectual property and transfer pricing