Suchergebnisse

Industrial development requires technological capability in industry. National innovation system is anchored on the theory that industrial development requires technological capability in industry, and that exploitation of technology is most critical at the firm level. This paper describes the structure and characteristics of the Philippine national innovation system, and compares it with the American, Japanese, and German national systems of innovation. It concludes that the Philippine national innovation system must gear up to the requirements of a catch-up system to fit its institutions to its economic structure. This requires all the elements of the system to address the technology capability, adaptation, assimilation, and modification needs of a catch-up economy.

Today, innovation is the most decisive factor for companies to grow and gain competitive edge in the market. In particular, firms support a product innovation policy in order to be permanent in the market. Product innovation refers to the emergence of new products and the development of existing products. By means of companies' product innovation reduces expenditure; new customers win and make high profits. AHP Method with a numerical example to evaluate the projects in this system. Organizational, technical, strategic and financial criteria have been examined. In the selection of the projects, companies have given much importance to the financial and organizational criteria. This research is expected to be very useful for evaluating and selecting projects for companies. ; Günümüzde firmaların büyümesi ve pazarda rekabet üstünlüğünü elde etmelerinde en belirleyici unsur inovasyondur. Özellikle firmalar piyasada kalıcı olabilmek için ürün inovasyon politikasını desteklerler. Ürün inovasyonu yeni ürünün ortaya çıkmasına ve mevcut ürünlerin geliştirilmesini ifade etmektedir. Şirketlerin ürün inovasyonu sayesinde giderleri azalır, yeni müşteriler kazanır ve yüksek kar yaparlar. Bu çalışmada, şirketler için bir ürün inovasyon sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Bu sistemde projeleri değerlendirmede sayısal bir örnek ile Bulanık AHP Yöntemini kullandık. Organizasyon, teknik, stratejik ve finansal kriterler incelenmiştir. Proje seçiminde şirketler finansal ve organizasyon kriterlerine çok önem verilmiştir. Bu araştırma şirketler için proje değerlendirmesinde ve seçiminde çok yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

The Advanced Research Foundation is governmental organization wich tasked with informing the country's leadership on projects that can ensure Russian superiority in defense technology. The foundation will also analyze the risks of any Russian technological backwardness and technological dependence on other powers. The report considers an historical background about worldwide analogous, i.e. DARPA (USA), MAFAT (Israel), DRDO (India), DGA (France) and SASTIND (China), and an experience of advanced research projects organizations in the Soviet Union and modern Russia.

The aim of this paper is to introduce innovation policy measures, government instruments and conceptual approaches to promote innovation growth. Since Israel is increasingly establishing itself as a pioneer for innovation, this paper mainly refers to their innovation policy. This paper will explain why Israel's innovation policy is successful and which actors play a particularly important role in it. Using semi-structured interviews, government experts like the Israel Innovation Authority as well as companies like Bosch were asked about Israel's national innovation system and its success which allowed diverse perspectives on the topic.

Das innovations-Management hat einen gravierenden Mangel: im Innovationsprozeß und seinen rund 100 Jahrzehnte alten Modellen kommt der Mensch nicht vor. Warum? Weil das motivations-gesteuerte und situations-abhängige individuelle menschliche Verhalten nicht planbar ist. Dieser "Faktor" stört in einer auf Idealisierung und Typisierung beruhenden rein rationalen Planungswelt. D.h.: die Planungsmodelle spiegeln nicht wirklich die Realität; sie erwecken nur den Anschein. Sieht man jedoch den Menschen als zentralen und entscheidenden Akteur in einem sozio-ökonomisch-technischen Innovations-System, eröffnen sich neue Wege und Möglichkeiten. Beispielsweise um die hohen Flopraten mit ihrer Fehlleitung an Mitteln und Manpower zu reduzieren und die Effizienz innovativen Arbeitens zu steigern. Das wird in Bildern dargestellt und mit vielen Beispielen verdeutlicht. Schlussfolgerungen: es ist erforderlich. die offen gelegten Realitäten zu akzeptieren, das Versäumte zu korrigieren, die Instrumente zum Innovieren auf einer veränderten Basis neu zu justieren und ein zukunftsorientiertes Ziel anzusteuern, nämlich die Computer-Simulation von Handlungs-Alterativen in Echtzeit unter Einsatz von selbstlernenden Kl-Algorithmen.

We develop a novel approach for quantitatively analysing future storylines of change by combining econometric analysis and Monte Carlo simulation for four different storylines of change in the EU's energy innovation system. We explore impacts on three key innovation outcomes: patenting (innovation), co-invention (collaboration), and technology cost reduction (diffusion). We find that diverse mixes of policy instruments stimulate collaborative innovation activity. We find that both RD&D expenditure and trade imports support knowledge generation and exchange, and that these relationships are largely robust to future uncertainty. Conversely, we find that policy durability and stability are only weakly linked to innovation outcomes, suggesting that adaptive policy responding to rapidly changing innovation environments should play an important part of the EU's energy future.

We develop a novel approach for quantitatively analysing future storylines of change by combining econometric analysis and Monte Carlo simulation for four different storylines of change in the EU's energy innovation system. We explore impacts on three key innovation outcomes: patenting (innovation), co-invention (collaboration), and technology cost reduction (diffusion). We find that diverse mixes of policy instruments stimulate collaborative innovation activity. We find that both RD&D expenditure and trade imports support knowledge generation and exchange, and that these relationships are largely robust to future uncertainty. Conversely, we find that policy durability and stability are only weakly linked to innovation outcomes, suggesting that adaptive policy responding to rapidly changing innovation environments should play an important part of the EU's energy future.

We develop a novel approach for quantitatively analysing future storylines of change by combining econometric analysis and Monte Carlo simulation for four different storylines of change in the EU's energy innovation system. We explore impacts on three key innovation outcomes: patenting (innovation), co-invention (collaboration), and technology cost reduction (diffusion). We find that diverse mixes of policy instruments stimulate collaborative innovation activity. We find that both RD&D expenditure and trade imports support knowledge generation and exchange, and that these relationships are largely robust to future uncertainty. Conversely, we find that policy durability and stability are only weakly linked to innovation outcomes, suggesting that adaptive policy responding to rapidly changing innovation environments should play an important part of the EU's energy future.

All the main innovation processes in the biotech sector from basic research to commercialisation on the market are represented in Estonia. There is no real data about the division of R&D expenses between the public sector (university) and industry in governmental policy documents. This indicates both a lack of relevant information and of innovation policy based on it. The aim of this article is to evaluate the structure of innovation expenditures in the Estonian biotech public sector and private SMEs, and to shape supportive measures for knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship in the biotechnology sector. Empirical research in the business sector was carried out in two sample groups, Estonian research based biotech companies with an independent strategy, and subsidiaries of foreign companies mediating imported goods or just carrying out services (clinical trials) for their foreign owners, and thus not working with Estonian research results. Productivity per employee in the first group of firms was nearly three times lower than in the foreign owned companies. The gross funding structure proportion of basic and applied research, and product or service development in the Estonian biotechnology sector was deduced according to the R&D ratio formula as 11:5:1, which demonstrated the strong imbalance of the sectorial innovation processes. The private sector value for the same indicator was 1:2:2. The research-based companies were poorly financed, and the main public support was channelled into university basic research. One of the results of the small local market and poor funding is that the Estonian biotech businesses are much smaller in size than American and European companies – one-tenth to one-hundredth of the size. A few suggestions for improving the sectorial innovation system (SIS) are made. The process of balancing the R&D ratio is seen as an iterative process.