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There is good evidence that the police can control crime hot spots without simply displacing crime problems to other places. Police officers should strive to use problem-oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques to address the place dynamics, situations, and characteristics

Human activities drive environmental changes at scales that could potentially cause ecosystem collapses in the marine environment. We combined information on marine biodiversity with spatial assessments of the impacts of climate change to identify the key areas to prioritize for the conservation of global marine biodiversity. This process identified six marine regions of exceptional biodiversity based on global distributions of 1729 species of fish, 124 marine mammals, and 330 seabirds. Overall, these hot spots of marine biodiversity coincide with areas most severely affected by global warming. In particular, these marine biodiversity hot spots have undergone local to regional increasing water temperatures, slowing current circulation, and decreasing primary productivity. Furthermore, when we overlapped these hot spots with available industrial fishery data, albeit coarser than our estimates of climate impacts, they suggest a worrying coincidence whereby the world's richest areas for marine biodiversity are also those areas mostly affected by both climate change and industrial fishing. In light of these findings, we offer an adaptable framework for determining local to regional areas of special concern for the conservation of marine biodiversity. This has exposed the need for finer-scaled fishery data to assist in the management of global fisheries if the accumulative, but potentially preventable, effect of fishing on climate change impacts is to be minimized within areas prioritized for marine biodiversity conservation. ; We thank the continued support of the Phillip Island Nature Parks, Penguin Ecosystem Research Centre. Grants were received from the Penguin Foundation, the Australian Research Council, and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 641762 to the ECOPOTENTIAL project. ; We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). ; Peer reviewed

Gold nanostars display strong electromagnetic field enhancement at their tips, and tip plasmon resonances can be tuned within the visible and near-infrared, which has been applied toward plasmonic molecular sensing. However, the sensitivity can be further increased by linking gold nanostars to other plasmonic nanoparticles and thereby inducing the creation of hot spots. We report the controlled formation of core–satellite assemblies comprising a central gold nanostar with gold spheres adsorbed to the tips via Raman active molecular linkers. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was recorded at the level of single gold nanostar–satellite clusters, and the experimental results were compared with detailed electromagnetic simulations. ; L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant #267867 PLASMAQUO) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MAT2013-46101-R). D.M.S., J.M.T., and F.O. acknowledge funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2011-28784-C02-01, TEC2011-28784-C02-02, CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 CSD2008-00068, project TACTICA), from the ERDF and the Galician Regional Government under agreement for funding the atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (atlantTIC), and from the ERDF and the Extremadura Regional Government (IB13185).