Suchergebnisse

The timeliness of this study is due to cardinal changes in the requirements of society for a person who must manifest himself in any sphere of life. At the same time, the professional training of a future teacher at a higher art school.

In Western Australia ("WA"), teachers are required to undertake 100 hours of professional learning (PL) to maintain their registration. REmida WA Creative Reuse Centre offers Reggio-inspired "100 Languages" workshops as part of its PL programme, thus enabling
interested teachers to attain the necessary hours. The purpose of this research is to help REmida WA identify the needs and interests of their clientele so they may design relevant educational experiences that accommodate clients' professional learning goals. This mixed-methods study
examines teachers' motivation to attend REmida WA's "100 Languages" workshop. One hundred teacher participants from across all education sectors were asked to identify their interest in REmida PL and how REmida supports their learning programmes. Findings show that
teachers view REmida WA as an organisation that helps them to learn about and better understand Education for Sustainability ("EfS") and creative pedagogies. REmida is also valued as a source of open-ended materials for resources that can support children's learning
about sustainability.

Amitai Etzioni has provided a vision for developing a future global civil society. If his communitarian approach has any hope, its starting place will be modern Europe. The continent's bloody rivalries of the past are history. By creating a larger community, Europe has achieved what Etzioni seeks on a global scale. How has Europe done it? Can Europe's success be a model for other parts of the world, just as its development of the modern nation-state became the model for political life in previous centuries? And will Europe itself be likely to survive as a thriving community, or will it fail in the end to sustain its own model? This article explores the basis for Europe's remarkable developments of the past 60 years and the possibilities that Europe can lead the way forward for the achievement of Etzioni's vision.

The young today are facing a world in which communication and information revolution has led to changes in all spheres: scientific, technological, political, economic, social and cultural. To be able to prepare our young people face the future with confidence purpose and responsibility, the crucial role of teachers cannot be overemphasized. Given these multidimensional demands, Role of teachers also have to change. In the past, teachers used to be a major source of knowledge, the leader and educator of their students school life. The changes that took place in education have initiated to change the role of teachers. In this article we will examine how the role of teachers in the present society has to change.

The purpose of this study is to examine the competences future teachers acquire during their pre-service training. We are interested in investigating whether there are differences between the different specializations.We also want to discover which competences are acquired during the practicum period, which are attained during the period of theoretical courses at the university, and which are the result of both. We elaborated a questionnaire called the Questionnaire on Teachers' Professional Competences (QTPC), which is the result of a literature review.We calculated the validity and reliability of this instrument.Depending on our hypotheses, we applied different statistical analyses.The results tell us that the questionnaire is reliable and valid.The findings show that the students acquire the professional aptitudes during both their university courses and their student teaching in a similar way in all the specializations. However, they also reveal that the Special Education and Primary Education specializations are the fields where the students found the most deficits in their competence. On the other hand, Early Childhood, Music and Physics Education were the specializations where the students thought of themselves as more competent. The results also showed that a large percentage, although not a majority, of the skills are acquired during student teaching.This point merits some reflection. Furthermore, there were no competences obtained exclusively during the theoretical university courses.

AbstractTeacher educators and policymakers worldwide have called for a practice-based teacher education. However, the body of research on teacher education is limited, as is the knowledge about practice-based teacher education. This article summarises six recent comprehensive research reviews on teacher education. It gives an overview of the research trends in international research on practice-based teacher educationwith regard to research focus, research designs, and validity issues. The article discusses challenges within this field of research and provides recommendations for future research. It concludes that further research—using a greater variety of research designs and paying closer attention to methodological developments—is needed.Keywords: practice, teacher education, reviewÅ forske på praksisbasert lærerutdanning: Trender, utfordringer og forslag til fremtidig forskningSammendragLærerutdannere og politikere verden over argumenterer for en praksisbasert lærerutdanning. Likevel er det lite forskning på lærerutdanning generelt, og i enda større grad; forskning spesifikt på en praksisbasert lærerutdanning. Denne artikkelen oppsummerer seks nye, omfattende forskningsreviewer på lærerutdanning, ved å identifisere trender i forskningen på praksisbasert lærerutdanning. Artikkelen fremhever forskningsfokus og forskningsdesign som identifiseres innenfor denne litteraturen, samt problemer ved denne forskningens validitet. Basert på dette diskuterer artikkelen utfordringer innenfor forskningsfeltet, og gir anbefalinger for videre forskning. Artikkelen konkluderer med at det er et behov for videre forskning innenfor dette feltet, som tar i bruk større forskningsmetodisk variasjon, og som i større grad bidrar til forskningsmetodisk utvikling.Nøkkelord: praksis, lærerutdanning, review

Emiliana Vegas surveys strategies used by the world's developing countries to fill their classrooms with qualified teachers. With their low quality of education and wide gaps in student outcomes, schools in developing countries strongly resemble hard-to-staff urban U.S. schools. Their experience with reform may thus provide insights for U.S. policymakers. Severe budget constraints and a lack of teacher training capacity have pushed developing nations to try a wide variety of reforms, including using part-time or assistant teachers, experimenting with pay incentives, and using school-based management. The strategy of hiring teachers with less than full credentials has had mixed results. One successful program in India hired young women who lacked teaching certificates to teach basic literacy and numeracy skills to children whose skills were seriously lagging. After two years, student learning increased, with the highest gains among the least able students. As in the United States, says Vegas, teaching quality and student achievement in the developing world are sensitive to teacher compensation. As average teacher salaries in Chile more than doubled over the past decade, higher-quality students entered teacher education programs. And when Brazil increased educational funding and distributed resources more equitably, school enrollment increased and the gap in student test scores narrowed. Experiments with performance-based pay have had mixed results. In Bolivia a bonus for teaching in rural areas failed to produce higher-quality teachers. And in Mexico a system to reward teachers for improved student outcomes failed to change teacher performance. But Vegas explains that the design of teacher incentives is critical. Effective incentive schemes must be tightly coupled with desired behaviors and generous enough to give teachers a reason to make the extra effort. School-based management reforms give decisionmaking authority to the schools. Such reforms in Central America have reduced teacher absenteeism, increased teacher work hours, increased homework assignments, and improved parent-teacher relationships. These changes, says Vegas, are especially promising in schools where educational quality is low.

The article reveals the pragmatic aspect of the psychological training of future music teachers and reveals its specificity. This specificity lies in the fact that knowledge and skills from the field of psychology in the professional activity of a music teacher should ensure the comprehension of the emotional-figurative content of a musical work, and not familiarization with it as an object of study, as it happens in the development of other educational disciplines. The role of psychological knowledge for solving many other tasks solved in the process of musical education, carried out both in collective and individual forms, is also indicated. At the same time, two ways of forming psychological competencies are indicated – explicit, associated with the module of psychological disciplines, and implicit, which consists in the fact that psychological knowledge penetrates into the depths of performing and musical-theoretical training, providing an understanding of the mechanisms of perception, performance of music and mastering the algorithms of the teacher's work on creation of conditions for its adequate artistic perception, which is the comprehension of musical meaning. In the study of the problem of the mechanisms of the emotional impact of music and the emergence of non-auditory sensations and perceptions are considered; the importance of mastering this (essentially psychological) information for the future musician teacher is shown. The proposed way of improvement the psychological training of a teacher-musician provides a solution to a dual task – improvement his personal qualities (which is facilitated by the perception of high music) and improvement his professional skill in organizing the process of musical perception of learners. This is able to ensure the birth of deep feelings in them.

Helen Ladd takes a comparative look at policies that the world's industrialized countries are using to assure a supply of high-quality teachers. Her survey puts U.S. educational policies and practices into international perspective. Ladd begins by examining teacher salaries—an obvious, but costly, policy tool. She finds, perhaps surprisingly, that students in countries with high teacher salaries do not in general perform better on international tests than those in countries with lower salaries. Ladd does find, however, that the share of underqualified teachers in a country is closely related to salary. In high-salary countries like Germany, Japan, and Korea, for example, only 4 percent of teachers are underqualified, as against more than 10 percent in the United States, where teacher salaries, Ladd notes, are low relative to those in other industrialized countries. Teacher shortages also appear to stem from policies that make salaries uniform across academic subject areas and across geographic regions. Shortages are especially common in math and science, in large cities, and in rural areas. Among the policy strategies proposed to deal with such shortages is to pay teachers different salaries according to their subject area. Many countries are also experimenting with financial incentive packages, including bonuses and loans, for teachers in specific subjects or geographic areas. Ladd notes that many developed countries are trying to attract teachers by providing alternative routes into teaching, often through special programs in traditional teacher training institutions and through adult education or distance learning programs. To reduce attrition among new teachers, many developed countries have also been using formal induction or mentoring programs as a way to improve new teachers' chances of success. Ladd highlights the need to look beyond a single policy, such as higher salaries, in favor of broad packages that address teacher preparation and certification, working conditions, the challenges facing new teachers, and the distribution of teachers across geographic areas.

In this article, we studied how well teacher education in Finland is able to answer the changing needs of the contemporary world. More precisely, we focussed on the question of how well an alternative teacher education model guides teacher students' agency towards a transformational view of the teaching profession, making it possible for schools to enable social change. This question was studied in the framework of critical social pedagogy. The data for this article was collected ethnographically by observing meetings in the Critical Integrative Teacher Education (CITE) programme at the University of Jyväskylä in 2015–2017.The analysis is based on a theoretical background in which we outline two different discourses on the concept of teachers' agency. The first promotes schools' role in conservation; teachers are expected to educate obedient and uncritical citizens to maintain steady economic growth. The second discourse is defined as critical and emancipatory, where the education pursues transformation in students' underlying attitudes and a deeper understanding of education and society.The results showed that the CITE model fosters teacher students' critical self-reflection and understanding of group phenomena considering education. The students' ability to understand schools in a social context also develops. However, CITE seems to struggle in transforming the students' thinking and understanding into actions. According to the data, feelings of inability, cynicism and a lacklustre ability to understand concretely how teachers can have an impact on society through their profession prevent a more complete transformation in the students' everyday modes of action. A stronger community perspective, collaboration with institutions outside teacher education, the enabling of group-oriented action and the provision of real-life experiences regarding the transformation could better help to develop future teachers' agency towards transformational views.