Suchergebnisse

Decentralization and autonomy can potentially increase public sector efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability, as well as fulfill a conflict‐mitigating role. There is no guarantee, however, that decentralization, once implemented, would automatically produce the expected benefits. Using the case of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in the Philippines, this article explores the importance of organizational capacity and the cultural, political, and social conditions in the region to explain the performance of the autonomous government. The article concludes that for autonomy to work, the administrative and institutional capacity of the regional government should be revitalized and the current politico‐administrative structure redesigned to accommodate local customs and practices and facilitate a consultative and collegial local governance arrangement.

Decentralization and autonomy can potentially increase public sector efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability, as well as fulfill a conflict-mitigating role. There is no guarantee, however, that decentralization, once implemented, would automatically produce the expected benefits. Using the case of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in the Philippines, this article explores the importance of organizational capacity and the cultural, political, and social conditions in the region to explain the performance of the autonomous government. The article concludes that for autonomy to work, the administrative and institutional capacity of the regional government should be revitalized and the current politico-administrative structure redesigned to accommodate local customs and practices and facilitate a consultative and collegial local governance arrangement. Adapted from the source document.

Upper echelons research has largely focused on the antecedents and consequences of top management teams (TMTs) from the team and firm levels of analysis. This paper reviews empirical research on TMTs with a specific emphasis on the role of the external environment. Applying institutional and industrial organization theories, a cross-level conceptual model outlining the direct, mediating, and moderating effects of the external environment on upper echelons is developed. This review distinguishes between industry and institutional levels of analysis and three types of environmental characteristics: stable, dynamic, and transformational. The paper further explains the relationships between each category of characteristics and firm upper echelons, and outlines possible avenues for future research.

Relevance. The development of corporate social responsibility in Russia is largely hindered due to the lack of pronounced market and financial advantages of companies implementing social and environmental projects and programs. The identification of a stable relationship between the social responsibility of companies and the financial performance of their activities is limited not only by the complexity of measurement and differences in the tools for assessing corporate social responsibility. The composition of the companies under study is of great im-portance, as well as the great variability of their influence on the internal and external environment, depending on the scale and type of economic activity. The purpose is to develop an empirical typology of large Russian companies based on the assessment of the dynamics of financial performance and orientation of corporate social responsibility to the internal or external environment. Objectives: to justify the choice and analyze the indicators characterizing the financial and economic performance of large Russian companies and their social responsibility in the context of orientation to the internal and external environment; to compare the dynamics of the financial and economic indicators of companies and their orientation to the internal and external sphere of corporate social responsibility; to identify ordered groups of companies and describe their characteristics, allowing to identify the type of company. Methodology. The research uses general scientific methods and techniques: analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization, comparison, and methods of economic science: graphic, statistical. The empirical basis of the study was the annual and non-financial reports of large Russian companies in the oil and gas, energy, mining and metallurgical and telecommunications sectors for the period 2015-2018. Results. As a result of comparison of financial indicators and orientation of corporate social responsibility to the internal or external environment, groups of companies similar in a number of features are analyzed. Four types of large Russian business companies have been identified, characterized by the predominance of external, internal or balanced orientation of corporate social responsibility with a high or moderate growth rate of financial performance. Conclusions. The existence of a stable relationship between financial performance and corporate social responsibility remains a debatable issue. The analysis and comparison of a number of indicators of the financial, economic and socio-environmental spheres showed that fast-growing companies are more oriented to the external environment, whereas moderately growing companies are characterized by the internal orientation of social programs and projects or the equivalence of the internal and external environment. A significant factor in orientation to the internal and external environment is the company's belonging to a certain sector.

The public policies implemented in order to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the community have created issues both in the internal and the external environments of the Greek rural healthcare enterprises. This study aimed to investigate the full extent of the issues (internal and external) caused by the public policies. Regarding the external factors, we examined the state, the local authorities, the financial institutions, the social stakeholders and the citizens. Regarding the internal factors, we focused on turnover, liquidity, working conditions, internal changes related to patient care and the implementation of protective measures. A qualitative research was conducted among twelve rural healthcare business owners in the form of semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted in the fall of 2020 during the second phase of COVID-19. The research showed that these enterprises were severely impacted by the government's public policies. Local authorities were not involved due to lack of competence. The business owners were unwilling to support their enterprises via bank lending. During the first phase of COVID-19, citizens postponed nonessential medical examinations, causing a reduction in these enterprises' turnover. As a result, in the following periods, these enterprises faced liquidity problems. However, they developed social objectives and implemented protective measures for their employees and patients. The present study contributes to the mapping of the factors affecting the internal and external environments of rural healthcare enterprises along with the public policies developed in times of prolonged crisis. These kinds of data are crucial to the business world and government officials voting on social policies. One cannot rule out the possibility of a new financial or health crisis; the findings of this study can prove to be a useful tool in the process of decision making.

The public policies implemented in order to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the community have created issues both in the internal and the external environments of the Greek rural healthcare enterprises. This study aimed to investigate the full extent of the issues (internal and external) caused by the public policies. Regarding the external factors, we examined the state, the local authorities, the financial institutions, the social stakeholders and the citizens. Regarding the internal factors, we focused on turnover, liquidity, working conditions, internal changes related to patient care and the implementation of protective measures. A qualitative research was conducted among twelve rural healthcare business owners in the form of semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted in the fall of 2020 during the second phase of COVID-19. The research showed that these enterprises were severely impacted by the government's public policies. Local authorities were not involved due to lack of competence. The business owners were unwilling to support their enterprises via bank lending. During the first phase of COVID-19, citizens postponed nonessential medical examinations, causing a reduction in these enterprises' turnover. As a result, in the following periods, these enterprises faced liquidity problems. However, they developed social objectives and implemented protective measures for their employees and patients. The present study contributes to the mapping of the factors affecting the internal and external environments of rural healthcare enterprises along with the public policies developed in times of prolonged crisis. These kinds of data are crucial to the business world and government officials voting on social policies. One cannot rule out the possibility of a new financial or health crisis; the findings of this study can prove to be a useful tool in the process of decision making.