Suchergebnisse

This paper aims to understand the impact of salinity on women in coastal areas of Bangladesh. While there is ample information on the impact of climate change on coastal areas in Bangladesh, the literature shows that there is hardly any information on the impact of climate-induced salinity on women. This study is an attempt to fill this gap. An in-depth interview method was applied to collect primary data from a salinity prone coastal region in Satkhira District of Bangladesh. The study shows that salinity affects the women and girls in many ways. The impacts of salinity on women include the unattractiveness of women and girls due to the loss of hair and skin color, the increased burden of work due to water collection far from homes, unable to attend school by girls, the sufferings of women from various diseases, health and hygiene problem, and early child marriage. The consequences of the impacts of salinity on women lead to domestic violence, increased rate of divorce, increased number of female-headed households, and increased poverty due to limited sources of livelihoods. Overall, the adverse impacts of salinity on women make them more vulnerable socially and financially. The policy implications of this study may include the increased awareness of males about the impacts of salinity on women, appropriate institutional arrangements by the government including the adoption of policies and plans incorporating the issues faced by the women due to increasing salinity. It is expected that this study will not only be useful to policymakers in Bangladesh but also to other countries with similar contexts.

Climate induced sea level rise has become a growing concern through the twentieth century and ongoing research speculate an unprecedented increase in recent years (Nicholls & Cazenave, 2010). As sea levels continue to rise, coastal cities are at increasing risk of coastal flooding from the encroaching shorelines. The purpose of this paper is thus to look at methods separate from the traditional methods of technological and engineered defensive infrastructure. The specific objective is to illustrate and discuss – through the use of case studies – the implementation of innovative approaches to flood defence and erosion mitigation. In looking at adaptation strategies, the case studies were separated into four categories: (1) Elevated Development, (2) Floatable Development, (3) Floodable Development, and (4) Living Shorelines; evaluating each on the basis of costs, benefits, and disadvantages. While the research is limited to strategies structural in origin, this research found a specific need to seek methods that accommodate the changes of sea level rise as opposed to protective strategies. As a result this investigation of alternative adaptations to sea level rise is not representative of all available options. Besides being more cost efficient and having low impact, we find that accommodation provides longer term solutions. Although managed retreat seems to be a logical response, often the displacement of populations becomes an issue technically, socially, politically and economically. Thus instead of managed retreat at a city wide level, strategic retreat might be a better option as it gradually abandons dwellings, and promotes rebuilding in areas at low risk of flooding. However, the most economical option would be climate-wise development planning that limit and prevent new developments in areas at risk. Mixed/Integrated strategies are also considered a valuable option, especially in situations where development already exists. Research for the future however, should not be limited to infrastructure both accommodating and protective, but instead focus on solutions for other impacts of sea level rise in aspects of agriculture, such as increasing salinity and its effects of grown crops, and transportation. ; Arts, Faculty of ; Geography, Department of ; Unreviewed ; Undergraduate

Untersuchung über die Entstehung der Bodenformation der Tabuleiros in der Hügellandschaft der Küstenregion von Paraiba und Pernambuco im brasilianischen Nordosten. Beschreibung und Erklärung der geomorphologischen Eigenarten der Oberflächengestalt

<p>Fishing is recognised as a source of food since the Stone Age. A fisherman is the one who is involved in the process of capturing fish and other species from a water body for living and earning purposes, which started with an objective of survival and transformed into a source of business. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, fish output in India doubled between 1990 and 2010. India acquires 8129 kilometres of marine coastline involving over 1.5 million people who are directly or indirectly related to fishing industry. Being a natural consumable resource it contributes to food security of India, fish is considered as a consumable source and an income source simultaneously. Traditionally, there exist primarily two forms of fishing-Inland Fishing and Marine Fishing. While the former is preferable to the local customers in India due to variety of tastes, on the other hand the Marine Fishing is considered as one of the significant foreign exchange earners as well as suppliers of huge nutritional requirements for this vast population. Nearly 60 per cent of Indian fish productions are coming from coastal fishing. To step up deep-sea fishing activities, in 1977 the Government extended its territorial control over 200 nautical miles in the ocean. This zone was termed as 'Exclusive Economic Zone' (EEZ). About 6.3% of global fish production as well as 1.1% of Indian GDP and 5.15% of agricultural GDP is contributed by Indian fishing industry.</p>

"This book critically discusses the vulnerabilities and local adaptation actions of the traditional marine fishers of the tsunami-hit coastal regions of South India to climate change and risks, with an emphasis on their local institutions. Thereby, it offers a comprehensive account of the ways in which marine fishers live and respond to climate change. The Coromandel coastal regions of South India are known for their rich sociocultural history and enormous marine resources, as well as their long history of vulnerability to climate change and disasters, including the 2004 tsunami. By drawing cases from the tsunami-hit fishing villages of this coast, this book demonstrates that indigenous knowledge systems, climate change perceptions, sociocultural norms, and governance systems of the fishers influence and contest the local adaptation responses to climate change By foregrounding the real picture of vulnerability and adaptation actions of marine fishers in the face of climate change and disasters, this book also challenges the conventional understandings of local institutions and fishers' knowledge systems. Underlining that adaptation to climate change is a socio-political process, this book explores the potentials, limits, and complexities of local adaptation actions of marine fishers of this coast and offers novel insights and climate change lessons gleaned from the field to other coasts of India and around the world. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and policymakers in climate change, fisheries, environmental sociology, environmental anthropology, sustainable livelihoods, and natural resource management"--

The present paper studies the effects of seasonality and spatiality of tourist flows on the regional performance of tourism sector. The empirical analysis is conducted for 37 coastal North Mediterranean EU NUTS II regions, for the period 2010-2016, and is based on a triplet of quantitative indices and on a two-version regression model. The empirical analysis demonstrates that a typical linear function seems to be inappropriate to describe the relationships of these tourism features, as an N-shaped relationship between performance and seasonality and a U-shaped relationship for performance and spatiality were found.