Suchergebnisse

We applied uses and gratifications (U & G) theory to investigate how and why people satisfy their needs through playing games online. In this study, conducted with a group of young people aged from 11 to 18 years, we examined the relationships among the psychological traits of self-esteem
and self-concept, their interpersonal relationships, and playing a Facebook game called Happy Farm. The results support the assumption in U & G theory that if a specific medium fulfills the expected gratifications initially sought, then individuals will have greater motivation to continue
to use the medium. Male players had a significantly greater need for friendship than did females. We also found a positive association among use intensity, self-esteem, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships. Finally, the results showed that recreational motivation, recreational gratification,
peer relationships, and caring are all strong predictors of adolescents' usage intensity.

AbstractNatural resource revenues are an important financing source for public investment in many developing economies. Investing volatile resource revenues, however, may subject an economy to macroeconomic instability. This paper studies fiscal approaches to investing resource revenues, using Angola as an example. With spend‐as‐you‐go, resource revenues are spent as received, resulting in little external saving; public investment can be interrupted, driving up the capital depreciation rate and undermining stability. Gradual scaling‐up, instead, allows countries to build up external saving to shield investment from revenue volatility. The framework adopted here can be used as a planning tool to define a medium‐term fiscal strategy.

Using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we investigated multivariate relationships among achievement goals, willingness to report academic dishonesty (AD), reasons for engaging in AD, and engagement in various AD behaviors. The sample included 431 Taiwanese university students.
The CCA showed that, compared to others, students with a mastery approach or a performance approach/avoidance and greater willingness to report peers' AD were less likely to report feeling incompetent as a reason for engaging in AD, but were more likely to report that they engaged in AD because
of self-promotion and self-interest. The CCA also showed that students who had less of a mastery approach and greater tolerance of AD tended to engage in various types of AD.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model Setup -- 2.1 Households -- 2.1.1 Savers -- 2.1.2 Hand-to-Mouth Households -- 2.2 Firms -- 2.2.1 Non-Traded Goods Sector -- 2.2.2 Traded Goods Sector -- 2.3 The Public Sector -- 2.4 Aggregation and Market Clearing -- 3. Solution and Calibration -- 4. Analysis -- 4.1 Optimal Spending and Reserve Accumulation Policies -- 4.1.1 The Spending of Aid Inflows -- 4.1.2 The Role of Reserve Accumulation -- 4.2 Optimal Share of Public Investment -- 5. Conclusion -- Tables -- Table 1. Baseline Calibration -- Table 2. Welfare changes of different fiscal spending and reserve accumulation policies -- Table 3. Welfare changes of different shares of public investment in total government expenditures -- Figures -- Figure 1. Impulse responses of aggregate variables for varying degrees of spending of aid, under full absorption -- Figure 2. Impulse responses of household-specific variables for varying degrees of spending of aid, under full absorption -- Figure 3. Impulse responses of aggregate variables for varying degrees of absorption (reserves accumulation) of aid, under immediate spending -- Figure 4. Impulse responses of household-specific variables for varying degrees of absorption (reserves accumulation) of aid, under immediate spending -- Figure 5. Impulse responses of aggregate variables for different shares of public investment in total government expenditures -- Figure 6. Impulse responses of household-specific variables for different shares of public investment in total government expenditures -- Figure 7. Volatility of selected variables for: (i) different degrees of spending of aid, given full absorption and (ii) varying degrees of absorption given immediate spending.

This paper presents the DIGNAR (Debt, Investment, Growth, and Natural Resources) model, which can be used to analyze the debt sustainability and macroeconomic effects of public investment plans in resource-abundant developing countries. DIGNAR is a dynamic, stochastic model of a small open economy. It has two types of households, including poor households with no access to financial markets, and features traded and nontraded sectors as well as a natural resource sector. Public capital enters production technologies, while public investment is subject to inefficiencies and absorptive capacity c